共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
中下扬子区广泛分布着三叠纪滩相、潮坪相和岩溶带三类碳酸盐岩。根据成岩作用类型、成岩组构、孔隙类型和成岩环境等特征对三类岩石进行比较。滩相碳酸盐岩主要成岩作用是在海水渗流、潜流和淡水渗流、潜流成岩环境下产生的胶结、云化和溶解作用。潮坪相交代白云岩和富含石膏的蒸发岩则以高盐度的海水渗流带的准同生毛细管蒸发浓缩云化作用为主。在大气淡水渗流或潜流成岩环境下则以去云化、去膏化和溶解作用为主。岩溶带碳酸盐岩-蒸发盐岩及其岩溶堆积角砾岩主要经历早期海水强烈蒸发作用下准同生云化作用和晚期表生淡水环境下的岩溶作用。上述主要成岩作用使三类岩石次生孔隙率增加。因此,成岩作用对其成为有希望的储层起到了主导作用。 相似文献
2.
川东中石炭世黄龙期沉积相及其与油气的关系 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
前言 川东中石炭统黄龙组主要为潮坪沉积,自1977年以来,已先后发现6个气田和6个含气地区,是四川地区天然气的主要产层之一。几年来的勘探实践证明,勘探的关键除圈闭与保存条件外,还和沉积相带的展布有密切关系,气田几乎全分布在潮间带准同生白云岩中。 加里东期末,川东地区上升为陆,志留系遭受不同程度的剥蚀。泥盆纪时,海水由鄂西侵漫川东部分地区。柳江运动后,泥盆纪海水撤出,川东地区志留系继续遭到剥蚀,致一般无上志留统;同时泥盆系也遭到一定剥蚀,其残存边界约在川鄂边界一带,其古地形-地质概貌是,西高东低,地层西老东新。 相似文献
3.
福建石炭纪岩相古地理分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
笔者总结了福建省石炭纪生物地层与岩石地层的研究成果,提出了生物地层与岩石地层的划分对比。在详尽的相分析基础上对该纪地层进行了相系、相、亚相及微相的划分,并按“优势相”的原则分期编制了林地期、黄龙期及船山期的岩相古地理图。笔者采用“相、层、位”控矿观点对石炭纪的矿产成因及成矿规律作了探讨。 相似文献
4.
通过中上扬子地区寒武系野外露头实测、踏勘、前人研究成果整理以及盆地腹地露头缺乏地区的钻井资料的分析,研究了中上扬子地区中寒武世的古地理背景。白云岩的成因、平面上以及垂向上的分布特征都受控于古地理。中寒武统整个台地区为局限台地,在台地发育咸化澙湖、潮坪、局限潮下、浅滩等次一级的古地理单元。中寒武统的膏岩与白云岩不同程度互层。向台地内部,滩相发育愈少,咸化澙湖、潮坪以及局限潮下越发育;越往台地的边缘,滩相越发育。研究区中寒武统白云岩按照晶体大小可以分为泥粉晶白云岩和砂糖状白云岩。泥粉晶白云岩为潮坪准同生白云岩,机理为蒸发泵作用,白云化流体来自于澙湖浓缩的海水。砂糖状白云岩绝大多数为回流渗透白云化成因,白云化流体主要来自于蒸发泵机理富余的高镁钙比流体。回流渗透白云化过程缓慢,白云石结晶较好。寒武系岩性在垂向上有很好的叠置关系,反映古地貌随地质时代的变迁。 相似文献
5.
大约在十八亿年前左右,在经过长期风化剥蚀后基本上处于准平原状态的华北地台上,沿着北东向的几条基底断裂,形成一个沿朝阳、蓟县、石家庄、长治一线展布的北东向长形断陷沉积盆地。初期,可能仅在局部地区(如蓟县附近)沉积河流相砂砾岩。 相似文献
6.
Antonio Herrero‐Hernndez Fernando Gmez‐Fernndez Francisco Javier Lpez‐Moro 《Geological Journal》2015,50(1):39-55
The Upper Cretaceous succession of the Leonese Area (NW Spain) comprises mixed clastic and carbonate sediments. This succession is divided into two lithostratigraphic units, the Voznuevo Member and the Boñar Formation, which represent fluvial, shoreface, intertidal, subtidal and open‐shelf sedimentary environments. Regional seismic interpretation and sequence stratigraphic analysis have allowed the study of lateral and vertical changes in the sedimentary record and the definition of third‐order levels of stratigraphic cyclicity. On the basis of these data, the succession can be divided into two second‐order depositional sequences (DS‐1 and DS‐2), incorporating three system tracts in a lowstand to transgressive to highstand system tract succession (LST–TST–HST). These sequences are composed of fluvial systems at the base with palaeocurrents that flowed westward and south‐westward. The upper part of DS‐1 (Late Albian–Middle Turonian) shows evidence of intertidal to subtidal and offshore deposits. DS‐2 (Late Turonian–Campanian) comprises intertidal to subtidal, tidal flat, shallow marine and lacustrine deposits and interbedded fluvial deposits. Two regressive–transgressive cycles occurred in the area related to eustatic controls. The evolution of the basin can be explained by base‐level changes and associated shifts in depositional trends of successive retrogradational episodes. By using isobath and isopach maps, the main palaeogeographic features of DS‐1 and DS‐2 were constrained, namely coastline positions, the existence and orientation of corridors through which fluvial networks were channelled and the location of the main depocentres of the basin. Sedimentation on the Upper Cretaceous marine platform was mainly controlled by (i) oscillations of sea level and (ii) the orientation of Mesozoic faults, which induced sedimentation along depocentres. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Sedimentological, palaeontological and geochemical data provide detailed evidence of a marine-to-lagoon environmental succession around the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary in the Ibero-Armorican domain. This regression is recorded by the succession of several environments of the south-central Pyrenees basin: open marine mixed shelf, marine restricted mixed shelf (both rudist-rich), tidal flat, lagoon and fluvial dominated. The tidal flat setting belongs to the Fumanya Member here described, which is the base of the Posa and Massana formations (Tremp Group). The Fumanya Member is 5 m thick, is built up of marly limestones and was an elongated tidal mudflat (100 km long, 25 km wide) developed in a foreland trough and was separated from the Atlantic Ocean by an island-barrier system. In the lagoon environment, marginal marine waters and continental fresh waters alternated as documented by geochemistry and fossil molluscs. The Fumanya Member is a dinosaur megatracksite, reporting the roaming activity only of sauropods in tidal flats, a likely secure area against predators. Feeding activity of these herbivores took place in the lagoonal-lacustrine environments of the Posa Formation above the Fumanya Member. 相似文献
8.
An association of structures is documented from a Lower Proterozoic carbonate sequence in South Africa: this is dominated by finely laminated material which may display flat (smooth), small domical (blister), crinkled (tufted) and pustular (mamillate) surface. The lamination may display overfolded structures and contain flat encapsulated features. Lens-like flat-pebble breccias are common, while edgewise breccias were seen less frequently. Small-scale features suggestive of vertical algal moulds were also recorded. This facies is considered to be analogous to contemporary tidal flat sedimentation developed in specific settings at Shark Bay in Western Australia, and at Abu Dhabi where it is the dominant growth form. This analogy is most notably clear in relation to the protected embayments at Shark Bay, and as a result, an inner intertidal to marginal supratidal environment is suggested for the specific horizons under consideration from the Transvaal Dolomite. Other structures are associated with this facies. These include larger domes, coarser bedding, oolites, ripple-marks and, in one case, columnar stromatolites. Using the basic facies as an environmental datum, a model is developed in which these latter structures extend into the outer intertidal zone. They are also considered to be associated with varying states of turbulence in the intertidal regime. 相似文献
9.
广西融安县境内的泗顶-古丹铅锌矿田面积约600平方公里。它位于江南古陆之南缘,湘、桂、粤褶皱带内。本区分布有中型铅锌矿床两处,铅锌矿、黄铁铅锌矿、黄铁矿（褐铁矿）等矿点约二十多处,是寻找铅锌矿床有利地区。 区内广泛出露下古生界寒武系清溪组（∈q）浅变质的碎屑岩,上古生界中上泥盆统东岗岭组（D2d）和桂林组（D3g）碳酸盐岩及碎屑岩（图1）。早晚古生代地层与之古生代地层与之呈角度不整合接触产出,两者分别组成上下两个构造层。下构造层属于被改造了的南岭复式东西构造带北亚带的组成部分,基本构造轮廓为轴向500-70“的紧闭型同斜倒转褶皱,并发育着北东向的断裂;上构造层为轴向北北东的宽展型的褶皱,产状平缓,倾角5。-8。,发育有多阶段形成的北东向、北西向和南北向断裂,整个矿田及外围尚未发 现任何岩浆活动的迹象。 相似文献
10.
JOHN D. HUMPHREY 《Sedimentology》1988,35(2):327-348
ABSTRACT Field, geochemical, and petrographic data for late Pleistocene dolomites from southeastern Barbados suggest that the dolomite precipitated in the zone of mixing between a coastal meteoric phreatic lens and normal marine waters. The dolomite is localized in packstones and wackestones from the algalAmphistegina fore-reef calcarenite facies. Stable isotopic evidence suggests that meteoric water dominated the diagenetic fluids responsible for dolomitization. Carbon isotopes in pure dolomite phases average about -15%0 PDB. This light carbon is attributed to the influence of soil gas CO2, and precludes substantial mixing with seawater. A narrow range of oxygen isotopic compositions coupled with a wide range of carbon compositions attest to the meteoric diagenetic overprint. Dolomitization likely occurred with as little as a five per cent admixture of seawater. Strontium compositions of the dolomites indicate probable replacement dolomitization of original unstable mineralogy. The dolomite is characterized by low sodium values. Low concentrations of divalent manganese and iron suggest oxidizing conditions at the time of dolomitization. A sequence of petrographic features suggests a progression of diagenetic fluids from more marine to more meteoric. Early marine diagenesis was followed by replacement dolomitization of skeletal grains and matrix. Limpid, euhedral dolomite cements precipitated in primary intra- and interparticle porosity subsequent to replacement dolomitization. As waters became progressively less saline, dolomite cements alternated with thin bands of syntaxial calcite cement. The final diagenetic phase precipitated was a blocky calcite spar cement, representing diagenesis in a fresh-water lens. This sequence of diagenetic features arose as the result of a single fall in eustatic sea-level following deposition. A stratigraphic-eustatic-diagenetic model constrains both the timing and rate of dolomitization in southeastern Barbados. Dolomitization initiated as sea-level began to fall immediately following the oxygen isotope stage 7–3 high stand, some 216 000 yr bp . Due to the rapidity of late Pleistocene glacio-eustasy, dolomitization (locally complete) is constrained to have occurred within about 5000 yr. 相似文献
11.
华北克拉通南缘中-新元古代沉积演化:以豫西地区黄连垛组和董家组为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
华北克拉通(华北)南缘中元古代早期熊耳群火山活动之后,在渑池-确山地区发育了一套中-新元古代沉积(汝阳群、洛峪群、黄连垛组、董家组以及罗圈组和东坡组),记录了该时期沉积-构造演化过程。通过该区碎屑锆石和洛峪群顶部凝灰岩年龄的约束,将汝阳群-洛峪群的沉积时代基本限定于约1750～1600Ma,导致洛峪群由中元古界上部或新元古界下划到中元古界长城系。因此,在现有的地层年代格架下,需要重新对该区中-新元古代沉积演化进行讨论。本文通过对洛峪口组上覆黄连垛组和董家组沉积环境和物源分析,同时借助古生界辛集组源区分析的约束,揭示华北南缘中-新元古代沉积-构造演化。沉积环境分析显示,黄连垛组沉积初期发育了河口湾沉积环境。伴随海侵扩大,在下汤地区沉积了潮上带长石石英砂岩与泥质粉砂岩,而叶县地区发育了潮间带泥晶白云岩。晚期下汤和叶县地区发育潮下带泥晶白云岩与含硅质条带白云岩。董家组与下伏黄连垛组为平行不整合接触,董家组沉积初期为陆源碎屑物质供给充分的滨海相,在下汤和叶县地区沉积底部细砾岩及长石石英砂岩。随后,两个地区发育潮坪相长石石英砂岩与泥质粉砂岩,在顶部沉积了局限台地钙质泥岩。黄连垛组在豫西下汤和叶县地区沉积于河口湾-潮坪沉积环境,整体表现为自南向北的海进序列,而董家组总体上沉积于局限海盆的滨浅海-潮坪环境。由于下伏汝阳群-洛峪群分别沉积在河流-滨海-潮坪和浅海-滨海-潮坪环境,黄连垛组和董家组指示其沉积时期盆地产生收缩。碎屑锆石定年结果显示,黄连垛组和董家组碎屑锆石年龄主要峰值为1800Ma、2250Ma、2350Ma、2650Ma,两者物源均为华北克拉通。但下汤地区早古生界辛集组碎屑锆石显示主要峰值年龄为1850Ma、2500Ma、2200Ma、2700Ma,其次为1200Ma。结合华北克拉通发育大量的中元古代末期到新元古代碎屑锆石以及南缘中元古界官道口群和新元古界栾川群沉积特征,黄连垛组和董家组代表的局限盆地(海盆)沉积可能构成了该时期盆地的边缘相,期间伴随的抬升和盆地中心迁移可能与同期大地构造演化密切相关。 相似文献
12.
1989—1990年,安徽省地质科学研究所与德国下萨克森州不伦瑞克大学地质古生物研究所在下扬子地区合作进行了中三叠统的蒸发岩沉积特征及含钾性评价的研究,对下扬子地区青龙群上部(东马鞍山组)地表角砾岩层进行了详细的野外地质工作。我们认为这套以往一直被看作盐溶倒塌成因的角砾岩,主要是碎屑流沉积的结果,有少量构造角砾岩、膏溶崩坍角砾岩。碎屑流沉积发育于长江北岸的宿松、安庆、巢湖、无为和长江南岸的贵池、铜陵、繁昌、南京、镇江、溧阳等地,呈北东—南西向带状展布,分布广泛、规模大,最大沉积厚度超过百米以上,十分引人注目。 相似文献
13.
Franz E. Anderson 《Estuaries and Coasts》1980,3(1):28-37
The initial flooding waters from twenty-four consecutive tides were examined for changes in water properties as the flood-front traversed the intertidal zone. The flood-front water temperature depended on the time of flooding as well as the sun’s insolation. On warm sunny days, the water temperature at the leading edge of the tide successively increased as the water flooded the tidal flat. In contrast, during cloudy days, and early morning and evening samplings, the flood-front water decreased during flooding. Flood-front water temperatures on warm days exceeded 34°C, some 15°C higher than the water observed in the deeper tidal channels. Flood-front salinities increased progressively across the intertidal zone regardless of local weather conditions, and were primarily controlled by mixing of surface waters with interstitial waters during the flooding process. Particulate matter concentrations were dependent on the interaction between small amplitude waves and varying intertidal bottom slope. Extreme variability in the particulate matter concentration across the tidal flat was in part caused by alternate resuspension and settling of fecal pellets composed of silty-clay aggregates which partly form the bottom sediment of the test area. The texture of the suspended particulate matter coarsens near shore, where wave resuspension became more effective on a steeper portion of the intertidal zone. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY009 00003 相似文献
14.
山西襄汾奥陶系岩石学特征及沉积环境分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山西襄汾地区奥陶系只有下、中统,主要由碳酸盐岩与蒸发岩组成.燧石及陆源碎屑岩少见。同位素资料表明δ13O较低（平均-5.832‰PDB）,δ13C（平均-1.210‰PDB）变化较小,表示古盐度的指数Z多大于120。微量元素表明碳酸盐岩沉积于近陆环境,受大气淡水影响强烈。沉积环境主要是潮上（膏泻湖）、潮间坪、潮下局限海及开阔海。峰峰期后最大的海退结束了本区海相沉积史。 相似文献
15.
Sedimentological and palynological constraints on the basal Triassic sequence in Central Switzerland
Christian Gisler Peter A. Hochuli Karl Ramseyer Hansruedi Bläsi Fritz Schlunegger 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2007,100(2):263-272
In Central Switzerland, Mesozoic sedimentation began after erosion and peneplainisation of the Hercynian relief and late Paleozoic continental deposition in SW-NE striking pull-apart basins. The first Triassic sedimentary sequence overlaying a weathered crystalline basement consists of a relatively thin (<10 m), lithologically highly variable unit with coarse-grained siliciclastic deposits at the base, grading into a mixed sandstone/shale-dolomite sequence followed by well-bedded dolomites with chert nodules.Sedimentary texture analyses and petrological investigations revealed four different sedimentary units starting at the base with a regolith unit that represents the weathered crystalline basement. It is overlain by terrestrial plain deposits, followed by mixed siliciclastic-carbonaceous sediments and a sequence of dolomites, deposited between the supralittoral and eulittoral zones of a tidal flat (Mels-Formation), and the eulittoral to sublittoral zones of a carbonate tidal flat environment (Röti-Dolomit), respectively.Palynological data from four localities in Central Switzerland indicate a heterochronous early Anisian age (Aegean – Bithynian/Pelsonian) for the supra- to eulittoral mixed siliciclastic-carbonaceous sediments. These new biostratigraphic ages suggest that the first Triassic marine transgression in Central Switzerland is time equivalent with those of the basal Wellendolomit in Northern Switzerland but slightly older than in the Germanic Basin. Consequently, Central Switzerland was located at this time at the northern shoreline of the Tethys and not on the southern limit of the Germanic Basin. 相似文献
16.
Silurian Seismites in Hanxia, Yumen, North Qilian Mountains, and Their Tectonic Significance 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
DU Yuansheng GONG Shuyun HAN Xin WANG Jiasheng GU Songzhuand LIN Wenjiao Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(4):385-390
The Caledonian erogenic belt of the North Qilian Mountains is an intensely active structure belt. In the process of the Late Caledonian syn-orogeny, the North Qilian-Hexi Corridor area was situated on the tectonic background of a syn-orogenic basin. In response to the orogenic process of the North Qilian Mountains, typical earthquake event deposits-seismites of the Silurian were widely distributed around Hanxia of Yumen City, the Liyuan River of Sunan County and Biandukou of Minle County. In the Hanxia area, where seismites are typically developed, clastic deposits of tidal-flat facies are the background deposits of the Hanxia Formation. The earthquake event deposits are characterized by sandy mudstone veins, synsedimentary microfractures, micro-corrugated laminations and earthquake breccias, which in turn constitute complex seismites, featuring seismic corrugation, shattering and liquefied sandy mudstone veins, auto-clastic breccias and intraclastic parabreccias. The seismites and tidal flat deposits f 相似文献
17.
钙结壳是土壤层之下的岩石在出露地表渗流带环境内受大气雨水的溶解,并通过上覆土壤层的淋滤而成的产物。由于雨水的不断的溶解,使原始的岩石或沉积物发生破裂,从而形成各种大小的砾块或砾石。随着雨水不断的溶解,雨水逐渐增加 CaCO_3的含量。这些富含碳酸钙的雨水,当它流到位于潜水面之上的下渗流带时,就在土壤层之下、原来岩石之上沉积了特殊的、层纹状方解石胶结物。它们往往覆盖岩石表面或沿着砾石的外缘、呈包覆状沉积,从而形成典型的层纹状钙结壳。渗滤豆粒的外皮也属于层纹状钙结壳的性质,这些外皮有向下方加厚的趋势,这表明渗流带的含碳酸钙的雨水,受重力作用影响下,具有往下悬垂现象,类似于洞穴内的钟乳石。豆粒之间的相互衔接呈多边形构造,也表明它是受重力作用而形成的构造。 相似文献
18.
桂林地区上泥盆统碳酸盐岩沉积相 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
前言 桂林地区上泥盆统主要是一套海相碳酸盐地层,为岩溶发育的主要岩石之一。同期异相明显,可以划分为两个岩相:一是白云岩灰岩相,下部为桂林组,上部为融县组,整合接触,二是硅质岩扁豆状(瘤状)灰岩相,下部为榴江组,上部为三里组,整合接触。桂林组可与榴江组对比,属晚泥盆世早期沉积,融县组与三里组相当,属晚泥盆世晚期沉积。它们与下伏的中泥盆统东岗岭组为整合接触,而与上覆的下石炭统岩关阶呈整合或假整合接触关系。 相似文献
19.
The Ordovician Umm Sahm Sandstone Formation of Jordan comprises approximately 200-m-thick succession of fluvial quartzarenites with subordinate claystone and siltstone lithologies of shallow marine conditions. The Umm Sahm Formation is characterized by its dark brown color, frequent jointing, and steep scarps. The Umm Sahm Formation is bounded by the marine claystones of Hiswah Formation at the top and the fluvial sandstones of the Disi Formation at the bottom. The Umm Sahm Formation is composed of two main facies: fluvial facies and tidal facies. The fluvial facies constitutes about 93% of the total thickness. The lower few meters of the succession passes upward from the Disi Sandstone Formation into similar massive white sandstone facies exhibiting similar white color, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, with round-shaped pebbles. Trough and planar cross-bedding show a northwest unidirectional palaeocurrent trend. Light brown colored quartzarenites similar to those of the Cambrian Umm Ishrin Sandstone Formation are most common in the upper part of the succession. The tidal facies occupies three intervals in the middle part of the succession. It is composed of laminated and thin-bedded sandstones, siltstones, and claystones. They are rippled and varicolored with abundant trace fossils (Cruziana, Harlania, ruzophycus). The presence of hummocky cross stratification indicates the earliest short-lived tempestite conditions during the Paleozoic erathem of Jordan. The first appearance of Graptolites in the Ordovician rocks of Jordan was recorded during this study in the tidal facies of the Umm Sahm Formation. The vertical arrangement of both fluvial and tidal facies indicates three successive short-lived transgressions and regressions. These marine incursions indicate the successive shoreline advances of the Tethys Ocean, which was located northward, and inundated the southern braid plain. The three short-lived transgressive events took place, and the Tethys marine margin was displaced southward, giving rise to deposition of tidal facies in an open coast tidal flat. Following the transgressive events, renewed progradation and strandline retreat took place, fed by large amounts of siliciclastics derived from the continent and transported by braided streams across the intertidal zone. 相似文献
20.
A 1600-m succession of quartz arenites and associated shaley deposits comprising the Hospital Hill Subgroup at the base of the Witwatersrand Supergroup is considered to have been deposited largely under the influence of tidal processes. Facies analysis indicates that deposition occurred in the following environments: (1) marine shalf; (2) shallow subtidal to intertidal; (3) intertidal flat; and (4) tidal inlet. The presence of strong tidal currents implies that the Witwatersrand Basin was open to an ocean basin, at least during the early stages of its evolution. Palaeocurrent trends and isopach data suggest that this probably lay to the southwest, an area now occupied by the high grade Natal—Namaqua metamorphic belt. The contrast between the supermature quartz arenites of the Hospital Hill Subgroup and the overlying gold-bearing immature subgreywackes, feldspathic quartzites and conglomerates of fluvial origin is believed to be a function of tidal reworking of sediments. 相似文献