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1.
长江口3个不同生态系的浮游植物群落 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
王金辉 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(3):422-428
初步研究表明 ,长江口及邻近海域存在 3个不同的生态系 ,与以盐度划分的水团 (长江河口水、长江冲淡水、外海水 )基本一致 ,每个生态系包含 1个浮游植物群落。 1997～ 2 0 0 0年的 7个航次调查中共鉴定出浮游植物 393种 ,其中大部分为硅藻。长江口的浮游植物基本可归为 5个类群 :淡水类群、河口半咸水类群、近岸低盐性类群、外海高盐类群、海洋广布性类群。它们自西向东在 3个生态系中有明显的分布格局 ,并且随着长江径流量的变化而摆动和变化。根据栖息水域的盐度浮游植物可分为 3个群落 :河口群落、冲淡水低盐群落、外海高盐群落。 相似文献
2.
Changes in phytoplankton diversity and community composition along the salinity gradient of the Schelde estuary (Belgium/The Netherlands) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Phytoplankton diversity and community composition were studied along the Schelde river–estuary–coastal zone continuum during the summer of 2003. DCA analysis indicated a gradual compositional turnover of the phytoplankton community within the estuary. GAM modelling of species response curves along the estuarine gradient was used to identify taxa that had their population maximum in the river, the coastal zone or within the estuary. Taxa that had their population maximum within the estuary did not form a homogenous community but comprised species with different salinity optima and rather restricted salinity tolerances. The observed changes in community composition along the estuarine transition zone correspond more closely to an ecocline than to an ecotone model. Despite the fact that few taxa had their population maximum at or near the salinity gradient, alpha diversity did not display a minimum around the salinity gradient. This lack of a diversity minimum within the estuary was ascribed to an important contribution of taxa of riverine or coastal origin to alpha diversity within the estuary contributed. On average 55% of the alpha diversity in the estuarine samples was due to riverine or coastal taxa. Beta diversity displayed a clear maximum around the salinity gradient. For planktonic organisms which are subject to mass effects, beta diversity is probably a better indicator for the impact of the salinity gradient on diversity in estuaries than alpha diversity. 相似文献
3.
北部湾北部生态系统结构与功能研究Ⅰ.浮游动物种类组成及其时空变化 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
根据北部湾“908专项”于2006-2007年4个季节的调查数据,分析了北部湾北部浮游动物的种类组成及影响种数时空变化的环境因素。研究结果表明,北部湾北部浮游动物共计鉴定370种,隶属于8个门,19个类群。水螅水母类和桡足类是优势类群。种数变化呈如下从大至小的顺序为夏季、秋季、春季、冬季的单峰型季节性特征。种数平面分布与水深变化有关,种类数随水深的增加而增多。广温广盐类群和近岸低盐类群在该海域占据主导地位,与少数的河口类群及大洋类群形成北部湾北部特有的浮游动物群落组成结构。该海域在春季出现的暖温带种类由粤西沿岸经琼州海峡过道水带入本调查区。影响种数的环境因素呈季节性变化。地形特征、海流与水团的消长及浮游植物的生长与繁殖是影响浮游动物群落组成和水平分布推移的重要因素。 相似文献
4.
Aiko Tachibana Yuichiro Nishibe Hideki Fukuda Kyoko Kawanobe Atsushi Tsuda 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(1):55-65
The tsunami caused by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake seriously damaged the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan. In addition to its direct disturbance, a tsunami can indirectly affect coastal pelagic ecosystems via topographical and environmental changes. We investigated seasonal changes in the phytoplankton community structure in Otsuchi Bay, northeastern Japan, from May 2011, which was 2 months after the tsunami, to May 2013. The phytoplankton species composition in May 2011 was similar to that observed in May 2012 and 2013. The present results are consistent with the dominant species and water-mass indicator species of phytoplankton in past records. These results suggest that there was no serious effect of the tsunami on the phytoplankton community in Otsuchi Bay. Community analysis revealed that two distinct seasonal communities appeared in each year of the study period. The spring–summer community was characterized by warm-water Chaetoceros species, and dinoflagellates appeared from May to September. The fall–winter community was characterized by cold neritic diatoms, which appeared from November to March. The succession from the spring–summer community to the fall–winter community took place within a particular water mass, and the fall–winter community appeared in both the surface water and the Oyashio water mass, suggesting that water-mass exchange is not the only factor that determines the phytoplankton community structure in Otsuchi Bay. 相似文献
5.
胶州湾浮游植物研究Ⅱ环境因子对浮游植物群落结构变化的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
该文依据 1995年 3月～ 1996年 1月间浮游植物的调查资料 ,并结合同期水温和营养盐的资料变化 ,分析不同环境因素对浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果表明 :水温的变化对浮游植物的种类组成和数量变化都有一定影响 ,秋季和冬季优势种交替明显 ;营养盐对浮游植物群落结构的变化影响明显。根据胶州湾营养盐结构的改变状况 ,并结合历史资料对比发现 ,胶州湾网采浮游植物的物种数和细胞数量呈下降趋势 ,优势种类趋单一化 ;但初级生产力并未下降 ,可能与微型浮游植物所占份额增大相关。 相似文献
6.
新疆阿勒泰二牧水库是干旱区低盐型盐湖,其水质的好坏受到环境变化的影响较大,湖中浮游植物群落的变化可以很好反应水质情况的变化。于2008年7月(平水期)、10月(枯水期)和2009年5月(丰水期)对水库内浮游植物进行调查分析,以期掌握二牧水库浮游植物群落动态变化情况。调查期间,共出现浮游植物6门71种(属),其中优势种为类颤藻鱼腥藻(Anabaena oscillar-ioides)、小席藻(Phormidium tenus)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginisa)、广源小环藻(Cyclotellabodanica)和针形纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus acicularis)。二牧水库浮游植物种类组成呈现绿藻-硅藻优势的特征,各采样时期浮游植物细胞密度变化趋势为:7月(1.50±1.20×107 cells/L)>10月(5.43±1.44×105 cells/L)>5月(9.05±1.28×104 cells/L)。文中探讨了浅型盐水水库浮游植物种类组成、密度的季节演替和多样性变化趋势的特点。 相似文献
7.
乐清湾海域浮游动物群落分布的季节变化特征及其环境影响因子 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2006年10月、2007年1月、4月及7月对乐清湾海域浮游动物群落的种类组成、优势种、生态类群、水平分布的季节性变化特征进行了调查,分析了浮游动物群落分布与环境因子的关系。结果表明,在调查海域共鉴定出浮游动物82种(包括浮游幼体11种),隶属于15大类,其中秋季为46种、夏季为42种、春季为25种和冬季为16种。乐清湾浮游动物可分为近岸低盐类群、暖水性近海类群、暖温带近海类群和暖水性广布类群4个生态类群,其中近岸低盐类群在全年均占优势,其它类群则呈现明显的季节变化。中华哲水蚤Calanus sinicus、真刺唇角水蚤Labidocera euchaeta、针刺拟哲水蚤Paracalanus aculeatus和背针胸刺水蚤Centropages dorsispinatus为调查海域主要优势种。浮游动物生物量年平均值为82.7mg/m3,其大小依序为:夏季(121.1mg/m3)>秋季(119.2mg/m3)>春季(48.5mg/m3)>冬季(42.2mg/m3);丰度年平均值为82.1个/m3,其大小依序为:夏季(193.4个/m3)>秋季(73.7个/m3)>春季(53.4个/m3)>冬季(9.8个/m3)。相同季节浮游动物生物量和丰度的平面分布趋势类似,季节间则存在明显差异。相关性分析结果表明,浮游动物物种数与水温、盐度、叶绿素a质量浓度和浮游植物细胞密度均呈极显著相关;丰度与水温、叶绿素a质量浓度和浮游植物细胞密度呈极显著相关;生物量与水温、叶绿素a质量浓度呈极显著相关。与历史资料相比,近30a来浮游动物数量呈下降趋势,但群落结构和组成没有发生明显改变。 相似文献
8.
在南海北部、大亚湾及珠江口3个不同水体生物-光学数据的基础上, 研究了浮游植物粒径结构的变化特征, 建立了基于浮游植物吸收光谱提取的浮游植物粒径参数(S<f>)的混合光谱模型。南海海区不同的水体环境下浮游植物的粒级结构有着很大的差异: 在河口和沿岸水体小型浮游植物占优势, 在外海水体微微型浮游植物占优势。浮游植物粒径参数随小型浮游植物增多而减少, 随微微型浮游植物增多而增大。叶绿素a浓度从外海到沿岸逐渐增大, 浮游植物粒径参数随叶绿素a浓度的增大而减小, 它们之间呈幂函数关系。结果表明, 利用混合光谱模型得到的浮游植物粒径参数与南海海区不同水体的生物-光学特征(粒级结构Rpico和Rmicro、粒级指数SI、叶绿素a浓度)有一定的相关性。具体的相关性表示为: S<f>与粒级结构(Rpico和Rmicro)存在一定的关系, 与小型浮游植物和微微型浮游植物之间的线性相关系数分别是0.55和0.65; S<f>与浮游植物粒级指数(SI)有较好的线性关系, 相关系数是0.57; S<f>与叶绿素a浓度呈幂函数关系, 相关系数是0.64。这个混合光谱模型为从光学参数反演浮游植物种群的生态学信息提供了有效的手段, 同时又可用于分析浮游植物优势粒径结构对光学特性的影响。 相似文献
9.
In order to characterize the distribution and community structure of phytoplankton, chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, nutrients, and hydrographic variables were measured in the coastal waters off Jeju Island, Korea, during 11–13 May 2005. The photosynthetic pigments were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), and were used to calculate the algal class abundances using the CHEMTAX program. There was a distinct difference in phytoplankton abundance and community composition between the northern coastal water (NCW) and the southern coastal water (SCW) of this island. The chlorophyll a concentrations were ～26% higher in NCW than in SCW. Diatoms were predominant (> 50%) in NCW, while the phytoplankton composition was more diverse in SCW. Considering the hydrographic conditions and nutrient distributions in the study region, the sharp structural change in phytoplankton community seems to be mainly due to the slight difference in the origin of NCW and SCW. This study shows that HPLC-pigment measurements are useful for identifying sharp structural changes in phytoplankton communities in dynamic coastal environments. 相似文献
10.
CHEN Baohong XU Zhuhu ZHOU Qiulin CHEN Changping GAO Yahui YANG Shengyun JI Weidong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(6):104-114
Long-term changes of phytoplankton community by water sampling method in Xiagu Sea waters of Xiamen, China, were investigated in this study. Species composition of the phytoplankton community in these waters changed greatly since the 1950s. The numbers of Dinophyta species increased significantly, although Bacillariophyta species are generally dominant. The succession of dominant species in phytoplankton community is obvious:large-size dominant species such as Biddulphia sinensis of the 1950s were gradually replaced by small-size ones such as Cyclotella striata and Nitzschia closterium, and species that still maintain dominant such as Skeletonema costatum are also small ones, leading the whole phytoplankton community of smaller size. Cell density of phytoplankton community increased greatly, among which cell density of the most dominant species Skeletonema costatum have been increasing in exponent function. Margalef index of phytoplankton community decreased, indicating decline of biodiversity of the community, and dominant character of Skeletonema costatum increased. Generally, the structure of the entire phytoplankton community is becoming more and more singular and unstable, which makes the occurrence of red tides more frequent. The succession in the phytoplankton community is related to the long-term changes in marine environment, influenced by human activities and global climate changes, especially the increases of nutrient content. 相似文献
11.
福建沿岸不同海区夏季浮游植物的组成与分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
结合福建省“908专项”，于2006年7～8月对福建省沿岸海域水采浮游植物的种属组成、数量分布、生物量进行了大面积科学调查．结果表明，福建沿岸海域浮游植物隶属于6门57属127种，其中硅藻47属107种，甲藻5属15种，蓝藻1属1种，金藻2属2种，隐藻1属1种，裸藻1属1种．硅藻类在种类和数量上均占主导地位，优势种主要是柔弱伪菱形藻（Pseudo—nitzschia delicatissima）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、旋链角毛藻（Chaetoceros curvisetus）、菱形海线藻（Thalassionema nitzschioides）等．硅藻类广布，甲藻类在闽东海域及东山沿岸分布较多，蓝藻类检出率降低，裸藻类和金藻类检出率增高．表层浮游植物平均细胞密度为3222．59×10^4ind／dm^3，数量分布态势为近岸高、外海低，阂东和闽南高、闽中低．叶绿素a及优势类群的分布与数量分布基本一致．福建沿岸海域赤潮生物种类较多，是引发赤潮的潜在生物因素，一些赤潮生物已在闽南、闽东沿岸局部海域成为优势种． 相似文献
12.
2009年夏季黄河口及其邻近水域网采浮游植物的群落结构 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为了研究黄河调水调沙对黄河口及其邻近水域浮游植物群落的影响,于2009年7月黄河第九次调水调沙后对黄河口及其邻近水域的浮游植物进行了调查。利用网采浮游植物样品研究了该水域浮游植物的种类组成、丰度分布、优势种以及生物多样性,结果表明调查水域共鉴定出浮游植物29属53种,隶属于硅藻门、甲藻门、蓝藻门、金藻门和绿藻门,其中硅藻43种,甲藻6种,还有少数浮游植物属于蓝藻门、金藻门和绿藻门;浮游植物细胞丰度为0.96×104~76.32×104个/m3,平均丰度为21.23×104个/m3;主要优势种类有念珠藻(Nostocaceae)、八幅辐环藻(Actinocyclus octonarius)、佛氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldii)和卡氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros castracanei)等;调水调沙引起的黄河径流量的增加对黄河口及其邻近水域浮游植物群落结构的影响显著。该研究揭示了特定时期黄河口及其邻近水域浮游植物的群落结构,并丰富了该水域浮游植物群落的基础资料,为深入探讨河口环境变化对浮游植物群落的影响提供了重要依据。 相似文献
13.
分析了2009 年春季(5 月)渤海辽东湾网采浮游植物物种组成, 丰度分布, 生物多样性指数及群落相似性。春季共鉴定出浮游植物3 门23 属32 种, 主要隶属硅藻门和甲藻门, 生态类型多为温带近岸型和广布型种类, 少部分为暖海性物种或大洋性物种。优势种有夜光藻(Noctiluca scientillans)、翼鼻状藻(Proboscia alata)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、巨圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus gigas)和尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)等。浮游植物在各站位的细胞丰度分布不均匀, 其平面分布呈现由沿岸海域向海湾中部海域递减的趋势。Shannon-Wiener 指数、Pielou 指数较低, 群落结构简单, 稳定性较差。聚类分析结果表明群落之间的相似性较高。 相似文献
14.
Environmental control of short-term variation in the plankton community of inner Tokyo Bay, Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Toru Nakane Kisaburo Nakaka Heather Bouman Trevor Platt 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):796-810
Water temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations and the composition of the plankton community were recorded at three stations in inner Tokyo Bay over a period of 328 days (from June 8, 1995 to April 30, 1996) with a nominal sampling frequency of once per day. Inspection of the results revealed that the data could be divided into two blocs as an aid to analysis: the period from June to October was characterized by the development of stratification of temperature and salinity (stratification period), and November to March was characterized by uniform temperature and salinity in the water column due to vertical mixing (mixing period). Oxygen-depleted water forms in the bottom layer during the stratification period, but vertical mixing of the water column, due to changing wind and rainfall conditions caused by passing weather fronts, results in the breakdown of the oxygen-depleted water mass. Nutrient loads are high in the surface water due to the freshwater supply, but occasional pulses of primary production cause a depletion of phosphate in the surface water, suggesting that the phosphorus becomes a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth in this period. Several short-term peaks of plankton abundance (blooms) occurred as responses to temporal changes in water quality from June to November, with consequent species succession. Significant fluctuations in the densities of the diatom Skeletonema costatum and several species of ciliates corresponded to the daily changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the coastal environment. During the mixing period, when water temperature and solar radiation decreased, there were no short-term variations in water quality and although nutrient concentrations gradually increased from November to February, primary production remained low. This study shows that the short-term dynamics of the phytoplankton community are closely coupled to fluctuations in environmental forcing, and that the degree of coupling is stronger during periods when solar radiation is greater. The results provide a novel typological understanding of seasonal plankton dynamics in a shallow, eutrophicated marine embayment, and suggest how such systems may be treated in simulation modeling. 相似文献
15.
Temporal variation in phytoplankton composition related to water mass properties in the central part of Sagami Bay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fuminori Hashihama Naho Horimoto Jota Kanda Ken Furuya Takashi Ishimaru Toshiro Saino 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(1):23-37
Temporal variations in water mass properties and the composition of phytoplankton pigments in the central part of Sagami Bay
were investigated by monthly observations from June 2002 to May 2004. Eleven pigments were quantified using high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) from 100%, 20%, and 5% light depths relative to the surface; the class-specific composition of
phytoplankton community was then obtained by CHEMTAX analysis. The study area was influenced by the Kuroshio water for most
of the observation period. The mean contribution of diatoms in all samples was relatively low (29%), while that of flagellates,
mainly chlorophytes or cryptophytes, was quite high (60%). The phytoplankton composition at the three depths was uniform throughout
the observation period, indicating that the vertical structure of the phytoplankton community did not develop significantly
over time. A distinct temporal pattern was observed: flagellates dominated during the summer of 2002 and the winters of 2002–2003
and 2003–2004, while diatoms dominated during the summer of 2003. This pattern was associated with water mass changes. The
community in the summer of 2003 was influenced by coastal water. While no distinct spring bloom of phytoplankton was observed,
a weak increase in chlorophyll a was observed during the spring of 2004. Ocean color satellite data showed that fluctuations in chlorophyll a concentrations at time scales much shorter than a month occurred during the spring of 2003 and that the elevations in chlorophyll
a levels were not continuous. The fluctuations were probably associated with rapid flushing by the Kuroshio water, which has
low chlorophyll a content. 相似文献
16.
The South Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea lie on the east continental shelf ofChina. These areas are generally under the effects of river, coastal currents, and coldwater in the Huanghai Sea, as well as the branches of Kuroshio. Therefore, obviously, thephysical oceanography, chemical elements and plankton distribution in these areas areconsiderably complicated. As for plankton composition, there are temperate neriticspecise, brackish water and estuarine species, coastal species and also tropical pelagicspecies. Each community of the plankton occupies a distributional area of its own.Among the communities there exists a transitional area caused by horizontal andvertical mixing of water masses which effect this area in different degrees. All commu-nities and the transitional area are more or less relatively stable, except for seasonal varia-tion. 相似文献
17.
为探究富营养河口水体藻华粒级结构的调控机制,本研究利用枯水期珠江口上游河水、下游海水及其等比例混合水进行培养实验,跟踪监测水体中叶绿素a和营养盐的浓度变化,并利用稀释实验估算藻类生长速率（μ）和小型浮游动物的摄食速率（m）,以阐明上行控制（营养盐刺激）和下行控制（摄食影响）对藻类粒级结构的影响。结果显示:营养加富能增加藻类的生物量,藻类群落的优势粒级由超微型和微型转换为小型;加富河水中μ维持2～3 d高值后下降,速率为（1.13±0.37）d?1,加富海水中μ逐步增加,速率为（1.06±0.16）d?1,加富混合水中μ轻微波动,速率为（0.58±0.14）d?1,总体上小型藻类μ最大。3组加富水体中m总体均先增大后下降,粒级差异不明显。藻类被小型浮游动物摄食率（m/μ）随粒级增大而减小,说明富营养刺激大粒级的生长,大粒级面临的被摄食压力较小。m/μ随藻类每日的比生长速率（μChl a）降低而增加,说明藻华前期由上行控制主导,后期下行控制作用相对加强。本研究表明,富营养化不仅能够改变藻华的生物量,而且能影响其粒级结构,初步阐明了富营养河口水体中藻华粒级结构的调控机制。 相似文献
18.
Ran Ye Chunying Ge Qiong Wang Qing Xu Guofeng Xu Yongkang Yan Mingli Qin Yanhong Cai Yuejun Fei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(6):100-110
Phytoplankton communities can response immediately and directly to environmental changes,and thus have been applied as reliable biotic indicators in aquatic systems.This study provided insights into the relationships concerning ecological thresholds of phytoplankton communities and individual taxon in response to environmental changes in coastal waters of northern Zhejiang Province,East China Sea.Results demonstrated that there existed seasonal variations of phytoplankton community ecological thresholds of which spring being higher than those in summer.As for individual species,Prorocentrum donghaiense and Noctiluca scintillans were identified as the most tolerant and sensitive indicator species in spring and summer,respectively.They exhibited strong indications in response to environmental changes.These findings highlighted that phytoplankton community structure in this region was stable when environmental gradients were below the thresholds of sensitive species,whereas potential harmful algal blooms may occur when environmental gradients exceeded the thresholds of tolerant species. 相似文献
19.
虾池浮游植物群落特征及其与虾病的关系 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
１９９１年６月至９月对大连地区３个虾场养殖的中国对虾及虾池浮游植物群落进行了调查，研究了虾池浮植物群落的组成结构、数量分布、演替特征及其与虾病之间的关系。结果表明，虾池浮游植物群落组成和数量分布具有较大的突发性；优势种单一，多为赤潮生物种类，有些种类原本为底栖生物；群落演替时间短，变化快；养殖对虾发病症状为红腿和黄鳃，严重出现死亡。浮游植物的总量尤其是赤潮种类的总量与对虾的发病程度有正相关性；群 相似文献
20.
秦山核电站位于杭州湾北岸湾顶,其邻近海域受到钱塘江淡水径流和江浙沿岸流的共同影响,水体环境复杂。本研究根据2012年5月(春季)、10月(秋季)秦山核电站邻近海域15个站位网采浮游植物群落调查及理化因子测定,研究了该海域浮游植物群落结构、分布及其影响因子。同时比对历史数据,分析该海域浮游植物群落对环境变化的响应。调查共鉴定检出浮游植物5门60属139种(春季5门36属70种、秋季5门51属115种),其中硅藻42属110种(占85.3%),甲藻8属12种(占9.3%),绿藻、蓝藻和裸藻偶有检出。春季浮游植物平均丰度(1 802.62×104个/m~3)高于秋季(877.15×104个/m~3),其中琼氏圆筛藻Coscinodiscus jonesianus和中肋骨条藻Skeletoema costatum为两季优势种。聚类分析和典范对应分析表明,两季浮游植物群落差异显著,氮磷比、溶解无机氮、溶解无机磷和盐度是影响调查海域浮游植物的主要环境因子。比对历史资料得到,30年来秦山核电站邻近海域浮游植物赤潮藻种的增加和群落结构及丰度的改变受到营养盐含量及结构变化、水温升高等因素共同作用。 相似文献