共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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在现代生活中,无论我们多么依赖网络空间,人与地理空间的联系永远不会断绝.政府和企业的各类业务运转也是如此,在科研课题、销售运营、客户维护等工作中,涉及的数据成千上万,大多也与地理数据紧密相关.因此,挖掘地理数据中隐含的信息,提高人们对地理位置的认知程度,并以此为基础,为各领域提供与决策相关的信息非常有意义.本文中介绍的超图云GIS数据洞察软件,是基于地理信息云平台,使用新一代Web技术搭建的云GIS数据可视化和分析软件.通过其将业务数据在地图上可视化展示,并结合统计图表和地理信息系统专业空间分析工具,洞察地理数据中隐含的趋势和内在关系,为多种业务决策提供支撑.本文介绍了该软件的设计与实现. 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):89-97
The TIGER System is many things to many people. At this juncture, the TIGER System has fulfilled the precensus geographic support functions for which the Geography Division designed it. During the next 18 months, the TIGER System will support a number of functions needed to complete the tabulation of the collected data and make those data useful to the numerous constituencies that carry out the myriad tasks that define our lives. Simultaneously with the use of the TIGER System to support the data tabulation and dissemination missions of the Census Bureau, work will be under way to define a framework for the future of this bold new product – and this future looks bright. If the TIGER System is to be judged truly useful outside the Census Bureau, similar planning will need to be going on in offices and institutions across America. This is true especially in the context of geographic information system (GIS) applications involving the digital products of the TIGER System and the demographic data products of the 1990 census. 相似文献
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城市人口地理信息系统建设模式探讨 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
分析了国内外人口地理信息系统的发展概况，简述了目前我国建立城市人口地理信息系统的技术、数据基础和社会背景，初步提出一种建设城市人口地理信息系统的三层结构模式，以广州市的具体情况为例，探讨了人口地理信息系统建设过程中数据，数据库设计、人口数据仓库的建立、城市综合数据分析方法等关键问题。 相似文献
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Contemporvy GIS suffer from a variety of problems. These include poor ability to handle dynamic spatial models, poor performance for many operations, and poor handling of the temporal dimension. Cellular Automata (CA) are dynamic mathematical systems based on discrete time and space. While CA have many similarities to GIS, and indeed excel in many areas in which GIS are deficient, they cannot themselves be considered as GIS since they lack the necessary sophisticated Capabilities in data input, data storage and retrieval, and data output. However, the advantages of CA in data analysis and modelling are significant. In order to exploit fully the advantages of each system - GIS and CA - we have developed a methodology and prototype system for coupling GIS and CA, in which the CA serves as an alternative analytical engine for the GIS. In the prototype system, spatial, temporal (i.e. time series), and spatio-temporal filters as well as spatial diffusion operators are developed. In addition, the integrated system provides a flexible framework for the programming and running of dynamic spatial models. We conclude that CA represent a viable alternate analytical engine for GIS and provide increased ability for dynamic spatial modelling within GIS. 相似文献
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首次系统全面地介绍了有关数码城市 (CyberCity)的概念、技术支撑和典型应用 ,并结合CCGIS软件的研究开发及其在深圳和上海两个城市的示范应用 ,讨论了建设数码城市所面临的若干关键技术问题 相似文献
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基于支持向量机的元胞自动机及土地利用变化模拟 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
提出了利用遥感数据，并采用支持向量机来确定元胞自动机非线性转换规则的新方法。元胞自动机在模拟复杂地理现象时，需要采用非线性转换规则。目前元胞自动机主要采用线性方法来获取转换规则，在反映复杂的非线性地理现象时有一定的局限性。以城市扩张的模拟为例，将模拟城市系统的主要特征变量映射到Hilbert空间后，通过SVM建立最优分割超平面，分割超平面的分类决策函数由径向基核（Radial Basis Kernel）构造。利用历史遥感数据校正超平面的决策函数，确定城市元胞自动机的非线性转换规则，计算出城市发展概率。利用所提出的方法，对深圳市1988-2010年的城市发展进行了模拟，取得了较理想的模拟效果。研究结果表明，基于SVM-CA模型的模拟精度比传统MCE方法模拟精度高，MoranⅠ指数与实际更为接近。 相似文献
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GIS中多用户环境下数据共享一致性问题研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
讨论了GIS中多用户环境下数据一致性问题,着重研究了由于某个用户修改其他用户已读数据所产生的不一致以及由于用户UNDO/REDO后产生的不一致。对于前者,本文提出了一种“通知-重读”法。 相似文献
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We propose a combined method based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) and analytic hierarchy process
(AHP) to investigate the challenges and prospects of adopting geographic information systems (GIS) in developing countries.
In this context, we identify, group, and analyse SWOT indicators in relation to the main GIS components: data, people, and
technology. The relative significance of each SWOT indicator and its related SWOT groups in each GIS component is quantified.
The method is then applied in a situation assessment of GIS adoption in the governmental organisations and strategic planning.
The SWOT–AHP approach proves to be very useful in identifying and quantifying the relative significance of the major factors
affecting GIS implementation, and effectively facilitates GIS strategic planning.
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Peter A. Kwaku Kyem 《Transactions in GIS》2001,5(2):111-129
Competition among individuals and communities for the use of resources has made resource management activity very contentious and complex. Conflicts over the allocation of resources are forcing resource managers worldwide, particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa, to widen the range of interests they consider and embrace environmental factors before they make and implement resource policies. In tandem with the recent extension of GIS applications into the region therefore is the expectation that the technology would create opportunities for public participation and for resolving conflicts that result from competition for resources. However, creating a supportive environment for people in the communities to actively participate in resource policy decisions requires simple, but efficient, participatory decision support procedures that are lacking in many of today's GIS. This paper describes the application of a decision support algorithm for managing resource allocation problems involving competing interests. A case involving multiple claims to resources in the Aboma Forest Reserve located at Kofiase in Southern Ghana is used to illustrate the Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) methodology. 相似文献
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KAREN K KEMP 《Transactions in GIS》1996,1(3):219-234
Linking a GIS to a spatially distributed, physically-based environmental model offers many advantages. However, the implementation of such linkages is generally problematic. Many problems arise because the relationship between the reality being represented by the mathematical model and the data model used to organize the spatial data in the GIS has not been rigorously defined. In particular, while many environmental models are based on theories that assume continuity and incorporate physical fields as independent variables, current GISs can only represent continuous phenomena in a variety of discrete data models. This paper outlines a strategy in which field variables are used to enable modellers to work directly with the spatial data as spatially continuous phenomena. This allows the manner in which the spatial data has been discretized and the ways in which it can be manipulated to be treated independently from the conceptual modelling of physical processes. Modellers can express their spatial data needs as representations of reality, rather than as elements of a GIS database, and a GIS-independent language for model development may result. By providing a formal linkage between the various models of spatial phenomena, a mechanism is created for the explicit expression of transformation rules between the different spatial data models stored and manipulated by a GIS. 相似文献
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本文介绍了北京大学遥感技术应用研究所(国家遥感中心技术培训部)于1988年4月推出的地理信息系统通用软件PURSIS的设计原理与方法。由于它是在IBMPC/XT,AT及系列兼容机上研制的,因此便于推广使用。为了克服微机在速度和容量上的种种限制,PURSIS系统采用了一些较复杂的技术手段,使得与其它系统相比,具有如下明显特点:(1)利用软件技术,为图形的输入和编辑创立了一个良好的交互式工作环境,使用户能方便地输入和修改各种地图。(2)采用压缩编码技术存贮图形和图像数据,从而大大减轻了微机系统的空间负担。(3)设计了高效率的数据格式转换算法,使矢量数据能快速转换为网格数据。(4)设计了COLOR 136软件,将廉价的COLOR-400卡支持的16种颜色扩充为136种颜色,成功地解决了专题图件的显示问题。(5)解决了图形数据和属性数据的联合操作问题,使用户能在图的逻辑概念上进行多种操作。此外,数字地形模型和其它数据在操作时的联系甚为紧密。(6)提供了一些常用的应用工具,如专家权重、叠加分类、专家命题等模型。使用户在这些模型支持下解决一些各自的专业问题。(7)解决了FORTRAN语言、编译DBASE Ⅲ和8086宏汇编语言之间的相互调用问题,使系统设计灵活多变,并能充分利用微机的系统功能。 相似文献
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Alan Glennon 《Transactions in GIS》2010,14(1):23-42
Object-oriented geographic data models provide an organizational scheme to associate domain specific meaning to primitive GIS elements like points, polylines, and polygons. Although use of data models is widespread in the GIS community, the design process is not necessarily obvious and often ad hoc. This article outlines a procedure for the creation and validation of geographic data models through the examination and distillation of use cases. As an example, the article follows the development of a data model for the spatial concept of flow. Flow, the collective movements of people, materials, or ideas, is a common driver of geographic change, not generally supported by functionality within contemporary GIS, and an abstract dynamic entity that would presumably be difficult to model. Model design was facilitated through the distillation of flow cases of tabular human migration data, Minard's map of Napoleon's march on Moscow, and stream channel routes in a karst watershed. Unified Modeling Language diagrams are created for each case and the models' commonalities combined to yield a generic data model. As a means of validation, each use case was instantiated with the generic model and tested to re-create the fundamental components of flow and address predefined typical queries. 相似文献
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GIS中三维空间数据模型的集成与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对三维地理信息系统中的三维空间数据模型,结合城市规划工作,分析讨论了三维数据模型集成的必要性以及TIN与CSG、八叉树与TEN、矢量与栅格等混合数据模型实现的方法和思路,提出了在城市规划应用中模型集成的适用类型及有关要求. 相似文献
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对GIS中常见的数据转换进行了细致的研究 ,为数据转换中的质量保证提供了一种理论上严谨的检验手段 ,首次提出了用代数同构的思想来检测网络环境下数据共享的可信度 相似文献
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Edzer J Pebesma 《Transactions in GIS》2006,10(4):615-632
Although many geostatistical studies only study a measured attribute in relation to its spatial coordinates, this paper argues that other layers in the GIS database can be of additional use for spatial prediction purposes. They may enter the prediction equations as predictors in a regression model, or as correlated measurements. In an example we will show how this is done for predicting PCB138, a sediment pollution variable, over the North Sea floor. Issues of exploratory data analysis, required sample size, sample configuration, local versus global neighbourhoods, non‐stationarity, non‐linear transformations, change of support and conditional simulation will be discussed in the light of this example. 相似文献