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汶川地震黄土地区强地震动加速度峰值（PGA）较小,然而震害却较为严重,局部场地震害和地震动放大效应显著。选取四川、甘肃及宁夏境内的部分强震动记录,探讨传播距离和场地条件对地震动的影响规律,重点研究黄土地区地震动幅值、频谱、持时特征以及对建筑结构的潜在影响,从地震动特征角度分析该地区震害相对较重的原因。结果表明:汶川地震黄土地区地震动速度峰值较大,地震动中频分量和中长周期成分较为突出;黄土地区自振周期为0.3~1s以及3~4s（尤其是此周期内30~40层）的结构物地震反应将显著放大;设计地震分组为第三组的Ⅲ类黄土场地,加速度反应谱拟合曲线在周期1~3.5s谱值明显高于规范设计谱;黄土场地地表地震动拥有更长持时。 相似文献
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《地震研究》2021,44(4)
以某Ⅷ度设防区基岩场地地震危险性计算为基础,拟合不同随机相位的人造地震动时程作为输入,采用一维等效线性化方法,计算了Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类典型场地的土层地表地震反应。结果表明:(1)在不同地震动强度、不同随机相位基岩时程输入条件下,对不同类型场地土层地震反应计算得到的地表加速度峰值和反应谱值相对极差差别较大,地震动相位特征对土层地震反应的影响不可忽略;在反应谱特征周期2.0 s内,地表峰值和反应谱值变异系数随输入地震动强度的增大有增大趋势;(2)采用统计学方法计算给出了不同场地类别的基岩输入随机相位样本时程的必要数量,不同场地类别不同地震强度输入条件下所需要的最少样本量不同。在输入地震动强度不大(PGA0.20 g)且满足反应谱变异系数在均值加1倍标准差范围内时,不同类别场地至少需要15组不同随机相位的基岩时程,基本能满足均值统计要求;在输入地震动强度较大(PGA≥0.20 g),满足反应谱变异系数在均值加1倍标准差范围内时,至少需要30组不同随机相位的基岩时程,才能满足均值统计要求。 相似文献
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《国际地震动态》2016,(3)
随着强震动观测技术的发展,强震动观测数据的累积推动了结构抗震设计理论的发展。目前,在许多国家的抗震规范中都将结构动态时程分析方法列为静态设计方法的必要补充,但对于高层建筑、大跨结构等特殊结构形式及重要建设工程,要求强制使用动态时程分析方法。我国结构抗震设计规范及相关标准关于强震动记录选取的规定过于笼统,结构设计人员在面对大量强震动记录数据时缺乏明确的选取依据。本文搜集整理了国内外现有强震动记录数据,通过对地震参数的统计,提出基于场地类型的改进反应谱谱值相关系数经验公式,并将其应用于条件均值反应谱(conditions mean spectrum,CMS)的建立。同时,本文基于地震动衰减关系建立地震信息与抗震设计参数的对应关系,将其作为匹配规范标准谱选波方法的筛选依据,进而明确了抗震规范中强震动记录选取的初选条件。研究中发现,规范标准谱不宜作为谱形匹配选取强震动记录的目标谱,因此,提出两种建立合理目标谱的方法:一是基于地震动衰减关系建立PGA目标谱;另一是基于地震参数建立EPA均值目标谱。最后探讨了在地震安全性评价工作中实际强震动记录的选取及应用。本文主要研究内容及结论如下:(1)通过对20 000余条强震动记录的地震动参数进行分析,发现记录的加速度、速度及位移峰值和反应谱谱值的相关系数的分界周期点随着场地条件而变化,并提出基于场地类别改进反应谱谱值相关系数经验公式。改进后的反应谱谱值相关系数经验公式改善了目标谱的场地特征,使其更符合场地条件的要求。(2)针对抗震设计规范中关于强震动记录选取的相关条款,提出强震动记录选取的基本原则和具体方法,为完善相关规定提供参考依据。针对一般建设工程,依据地震动加速度峰值(PGA)衰减关系,提出同等设防PGA目标值对应的地震参数范围,建立断层距和地震设计分组的对应关系,进而确定强震动记录选取的初选条件。讨论了结构响应和强震动记录反应谱谱值的关系,以典型框架结构为例确定匹配周期范围。结构位移反应与强震记录反应谱相关性分析表明,两者在结构自振周期前后相关关系最为显著,距离自振周期越远的反应谱值与结构反应的相关系数越小。基于以上分析,建立了选取强震记录的基本原则:以距离和场地条件作为强震动记录选取第一限制条件。根据结构自振周期确定匹配规范标准目标谱周期范围,建议的匹配周期范围为0.4T1~1.5T1,最后由实际记录与规范标准谱在匹配周期范围内的均方差由小到大的顺序选取记录,记录的放缩系数限定在0.2~4.0之间。(3)本文基于地震动衰减关系,建立PGA目标谱并匹配目标分布的强震动记录的选取方法。对于未进行地震安全性评价,无法提出地震参数的一般建筑工程拟建场地,先利用PGA衰减关系,确定同等PGA目标值下的震级和距离,再代入加速度反应谱衰减关系,确定与PGA目标值对应的反应谱即为PGA目标谱。PGA目标谱不仅是确定的均值谱,而且具有概率含义。PGA目标谱的分布及概率特性反应了地震动的不确定性,进而为结构反应的离散性提供了一个合理的参考范围。(4)本文按场地条件和断层距将现有强震动记录数据分组,建立EPA均值目标谱。通过将EPA均值谱、PGA目标谱和规范标准谱进行比较,EPA均值谱与PGA目标谱谱形相似均具有良好谱形,匹配效果优于规范标准谱。建议规范标准谱作为强震记录选取的目标谱时,需要:(1)增加特征周期;(2)减小地震设计分组1、2组,场地类型为I类场地和II类场地的中长周期段反应谱值。(5)探讨了地震安全性评价工作中强震动记录的选取,结合不同等级的工程场地地震安全性评价,提出与之相适应的强震记录选取的基本方法及原则,建议如下:(1)I级安评的工程场地,采取基于设定地震的强震动记录选取方法。首先根据设定地震确定地震参数的初选条件,然后以场地设计谱作为目标谱,匹配场地设计谱选取记录。(2)II级和III级安评的工程场地,采取建立条件均值目标谱的方法。即以场地设计谱上结构特征周期点对应的加速度反应谱值为条件,利用设定地震的震级和距离等基于加速度反应谱衰减关系建立条件均值目标谱,并采取匹配条件均值目标谱分布的方法选取强震动记录。(3)Ⅳ级安评的工程场地,根据目标PGA值,采取PGA目标谱的方法选取强震动记录。 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2017,(1)
为了进一步了解土体性质(Q3和Q4黄土)和土层厚度对黄土场地地震动效应的定量影响规律,利用等效线性化波动分析方法,在总结了兰州地区不同年代黄土波速值随土层变化的基础上,结合具体的黄土动力学参数及现场波速测试成果,开展黄土场地在不同性质黄土覆盖条件下地表峰值加速度PGA和黄土场地特征周期Ts等指标变化特征的场地地震反应计算。本文在考虑50年超越概率分别为63%,10%,2%的兰州人造地震波荷载作用下,探讨了不同性质黄土覆盖层的影响,并进一步建立了不同条件下黄土场地地震动反应谱特征周期计算公式。研究结果表明:黄土的性质和厚度对地表放大系数影响较大,随着土层厚度的增加,地表峰值加速度放大系数具有非线性的特点,整体上随土层厚度的增大而增大。在两种性质黄土覆盖条件下,反应谱特征周期变化规律相同,呈对数变化特点。随着土层厚度增大,反应谱特征周期不断增大,增长速率逐渐减小。 相似文献
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选取日本熊本MW7.0地震断层距小于200 km的82个近场KiK-net台站记录到的三分量记录数据进行基线校正后,获得近场地面运动水平向的峰值加速度PGA、峰值速度PGV及周期为0.2,1,2,3,5和10 s的加速度反应谱数据,并与美国NGA-West2的地震动预测模型相比较,研究熊本地震地表和井下地震动峰值及反应谱的衰减特征,通过比较KiK-net台站地表与井下记录结果,探讨浅层场地放大效应的影响。研究结果表明:① 对于井下观测结果,NGA-West2的地震动模型对PGA和短周期0.2 s的反应谱的预测值与井下观测值相比整体偏高,而PGV和较长周期地震动（如1,2和3 s的反应谱）的预测值与井下观测值较为吻合;② 地表观测记录的PGA,PGV和周期为0.2—3 s的反应谱残差整体上随vS30对数值的增大呈线性减小的趋势,而周期为5 s和10 s的长周期部分,其场地效应的影响很小;③ 相对于井下记录,地表记录的地震动PGA,PGV和周期为0.2,1和2 s的反应谱有明显的放大,这种放大作用随浅层场地剪切波速的增大而减小;周期为3,5和10 s时长周期地震动的放大效应很小。 相似文献
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利用中国台湾省内222个强震动台站以及Palert地震预警系统520个台站所观测的三分量加速度记录,研究此次花莲M_W6.4地震近场强地震动空间分布和衰减特征,将观测结果与美国NGA-West2地震动经验预测模型进行对比,揭示此次台湾花莲地震近场地震动的长周期特点,基于回归残差分析研究地震动峰值加速度(PGA)、峰值速度(PGV)和不同周期地震动的空间分布差异,定量考察近场地震动的方向性效应.研究结果表明:(1)整体上此次地震的近场PGV观测值和周期1.0s以上的长周期加速度谱值与美国NGA-West2地震动预测模型结果接近,PGA观测值和周期小于1.0s的加速度反应谱略低于预测模型结果.从空间分布来看,周期1.0s以上的长周期地震动在断层的不同方位有系统性差异,在破裂传播前方(震中西南方位),周期大于1.0s时的反应谱明显高于美国NGA-West2地震动经验预测模型,在破裂传播后方(震中东北方位),周期大于1.0s时的反应谱低于经验预测模型,表明此次地震近场地震动具有显著的方向性效应.(2)破裂传播的方向性效应主要影响周期超过1.0s的长周期,而对PGA以及周期小于1.0s的短周期地震动影响较弱.在破裂传播前方,周期1.0～10.0s的加速度反应谱值被增强到整体观测平均水平的1.16～1.52倍;在破裂传播后方,周期1.0～10.0s的加速度反应谱值被减弱到整体观测平均水平的0.36～0.70倍.(3)此次地震破裂方向性效应的影响表现出明显的窄带效应,破裂方向性的影响(包括破裂传播前方的增强作用和破裂传播后方的减弱作用)在周期T=3.0s时达到最大,在该周期破裂传播前方的增强系数为1.52,破裂传播后方的减弱系数为0.36.从周期T=3.0s到10.0s,破裂方向性效应的影响随周期增大总体上呈减弱趋势,这与2016年日本熊本M_W7.0地震破裂方向性效应的影响特点显著不同. 相似文献
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利用中国国家强震动观测台网(NSMONS)和云南地震预警台网获得的158组强震动记录,分析了漾濞Ms6.4地震观测的近场地震动幅值、反应谱值特征以及不同周期反应谱值的空间分布.将近场台站反应谱值与NGA-West2预测方程进行对比,结合现场震害调查结果验证此次地震近场地震动的方向性效应,研究结果表明,近场30 km内地震动峰值加速度(PGA)表现出南北向(NS)高于东西向(EW)的方向性差异,PGA最大相差达1.86倍;在水平向加速度反应谱值(SA)卓越周期附近的谱值普遍高于基本设计谱,漾濞台NS向卓越周期对应的SA是罕遇设计谱平台值的3.87倍;空间分布显示,断层破裂前方(震中东南方向)观测的水平向SA显著大于破裂后方,在短周期更为明显,随着周期的增大差异有所减小;破裂前方台站观测的短周期SA大于NGA-West2预测结果,而破裂后方台站观测的SA在整个周期范围内均小于NGA-West2预测结果,表现出显著的方向性效应;震害调查结果也表明近场区域的建筑物破坏呈现NS向破坏较EW向严重的方向性差异. 相似文献
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《内陆地震》2021,(1)
将布置在南天山地区的71个强震动台站从2007～2018年记录到的732组强震动加速度记录按照不同震级、震中距和场地类别分组,对加速度水平向分量和垂直向分量的加速度峰值(PGA)和放大倍数谱(β谱)及其特征周期(T_s)和持时进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)三分量PGA随震中距的变化规律符合已有的衰减关系。地震波的传播规律和特殊的地壳构造会影响同类震级和场地条件下的PGA大小。场地条件对水平向不同分量的PGA的影响有不同的特点或规律;(2)地震动垂直向分量T_s总体上小于水平向分量T_s。随场地依次变软,水平向分量T_s逐渐增大;而垂直向分量T_s随场地类别的变化规律不明显。随震级和震中距的增大,T_s有逐渐增大的趋势;(3)场地类别对地震动水平向分量的持时有一定的影响,随着场地依次变软,持时会有些增大,对于垂直向分量,则没有明显的规律。 相似文献
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场地条件对地震动有着重要的影响,它一般通过地表峰值加速度PGA或者谱加速度Sa在不同场地条件下的放大系数表示。以往的相关研究中缺少大量的实测地震动数据分析;没有明确给出PGA和Sa在不同场景下的适用性;较少赋予其放大系数分布概率含义。选取KiK-net台网1997—2019年记录的210多万条地震动信息,通过PGA与Sa放大系数的分布分析了其在不同场景下的适用性,然后基于控制变量法和回归方法对每个台站的PGA放大系数进行拟合分析,最后对不同场地类别的PGA放大系数进行了概率分布函数拟合。研究结果表明：场地条件不变情况下,地震动放大系数的分布有很好的规律性;Sa较PGA放大系数分布离散程度更小,且随着Sa周期增加,其离散程度呈现逐渐减小趋势,在建筑物周期确定的情况下,Sa具有更高的适用性;Ⅰ、Ⅱ类场地且周期大于1.0 s的Sa放大系数具有较高的稳定性;相同场地条件下,PGA放大系数呈非线性分布,随着基岩PGA(PGAR)的增加逐渐减少;PGA放大系数趋于指数正态分布。研究结果可用于未来更加准确地估计损失与描述场地条件对地震动的影响。 相似文献
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地震动作为引起地震灾害的原动力,常常通过造成建筑物倒塌、山体滑坡等形式引起大量人员伤亡和财产损失。1920年海原8½级地震,在震中距80 km远的西吉—静宁交界的黄土丘陵区引发了大量的山体滑坡,并造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。在分析海原地震高烈度区滑坡分布特征的基础上,通过场地调查和数值计算等方法,研究典型滑坡密集场地的地质条件及地震反应特征。研究表明起伏地形和黄土厚度不均等因素造成丘陵山体两侧地震反应的差异,从而导致地震滑坡在斜坡土体较厚的一侧成群连片发育。海原地震造成的滑坡密集区的地形地貌、岩土性质、土层结构等条件决定了该地区地震动随局部场地条件变化非常迅速,地层场地效应和地形场地效应联合作用加剧了斜坡地表的地震动放大作用,增加了触发地震滑坡的动力。 相似文献
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斜坡动力响应特征与斜坡形态密切相关,若入射地震波主频接近斜坡卓越频率就会放大斜坡动力响应,甚至造成斜坡失稳。汶川地震对远离震中的黄土地区造成了较为严重的破坏,局部场地震害和地震动放大效应显著。选取汶川地震典型黄土斜坡场地,利用地形台阵流动观测和数值模拟计算相结合的方法,系统开展强震动作用下黄土斜坡场地动力响应特征研究。结果表明:坡顶卓越频率最小,其PGA放大系数甚至达到坡底的1.98,这种现象可能与斜坡高差和入射波波长之比密切相关,比值0.2时坡顶放大效应达到最大。随斜坡坡度增加,放大效应增强,坡顶反应谱卓越周期放大系数可达5,说明斜坡地形对强震地面运动有显著影响。数值计算结果与实际强震观测基本吻合,其结果对黄土地区建设工程抗震设防具有重要的科学与实际意义。 相似文献
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目前基于海底实测记录的分析发现海底与陆地地震动特性存在明显差异,但难以进一步确定海底地震动特性的影响因素。在以往研究的基础上对比同次地震中相邻海底台站间地震动特性的差异,并分析造成差异的原因。以日本K-NET地震台网中6个海底强震台站及其相邻不同场地条件陆地台站监测的8次强震记录为研究对象,通过分析强震记录的峰值加速度、水平放大系数谱、竖向与水平反应谱的比谱等,对比分析不同海底台站地震动的特性,以及海底台站与相邻不同场地条件陆地台站地震动特性的差别。研究发现：（1）海底与陆地竖向地震动存在明显差异;（2）不同海底台站间地震动特性亦存在较大差异和明显的规律性,海底场地条件、地形等场地因素对海底地震动特性的影响较大;（3）海底水平向地震动反应谱的特征周期较大,谱特性介于陆地中硬土与软土场地间。 相似文献
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The problem addressed in this paper is the estimation of the (de)amplification of ground motion at soil sites (compared to rock sites) as a function of the intensity of the ground motion. A non‐parametric empirical approach, called the Conditional Average Estimator (CAE) method, has been used, which is different from all existing approaches. Site factors (SFs) for sites characterized with Vs30 between 180 and 360 m/s were predicted for the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and the spectral accelerations by using a combined database of recorded ground motions. Based on the results of the study, site factors for PGA and selected spectral accelerations are proposed, separately for weaker and stronger ground motions. Comparisons are made with the SFs used in two standards (Eurocode 8 and ASCE 7‐10) and with SFs proposed in the literature, including four Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) ground‐motion prediction equations. The study reveals that (i) SFs depend strongly on the ground‐motion intensity. In the case of stronger ground motions, they decrease with increasing acceleration. (ii) The SFs predicted in this study agree reasonably well with the existing SFs in the case of weak ground motion. For higher intensities of ground motion, they are generally smaller than the existing ones. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Xiaowu Pu Lanming Wang Ping Wang Xiufeng Tian Shiyang Xu Shaofeng Chai Haitao Guo 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(3):100114
A series of housing collapses and other serious damage was caused by the 2008 Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake in the seismic intensity Ⅵ areas of the Loess Plateau, which is hundreds of kilometers away from the epicenter, and which showed a remarkable seismic intensity anomaly. The seismic disasters are closely related to the seismic response characteristics of the site, therefore, the systematic study of the far-field seismic response law of the Wenchuan earthquake in the Loess Plateau is of great significance to prevent the far-field disaster of great earthquake. In this paper, the seismic acceleration records of several bedrock stations and loess stations from the seismogenic fault of the Wenchuan earthquake to the Loess Plateau were collected, and the attenuation law of ground motion along the propagation path and the characteristics of seismic response on the loess site are studied, and the mechanism of amplification effect of ground motion is analyzed based on the dynamic feature parameters of the loess site obtained through the HVSR method. Taking a typical loess site of thick deposit as the prototype, a series of shaking table tests of dynamic response of loess site models with different thicknesses were carried out. Amplification effect, spectral characteristics of acceleration in model sites were analyzed under the action of a far-field seismic wave of the Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that seismic attenuation on the propagation path along the NE strike of the seismogenic fault to the Loess Plateau is slower than that in other directions, and the predominant period range of ground motion on bedrock site of the Loess Plateau presents broadband characteristics. Because the natural periods of loess sites with thick deposits are within the predominant period range of bedrock input wave, loess sites appear significant amplification effect of ground motion, the horizontal acceleration of ground motion exceeds 0.1 ?g, the seismic intensity reaches 7°. The thicker the loess deposit is, the more significant the change of spectral characteristics of ground motion on loess sites, and the narrower the predominant period range of ground motion becomes, and the closer it is to the natural period of loess sites. Therefore, for some old houses on thick loess sites, the poor seismic performance and strong seismic response eventually led to their collapses and damages because their natural periods are very close to the predominant period of ground motion of the Wenchuan earthquake on thick loess sites; For these damaged high-rise buildings, the resonance effect might be the main reason for their damages because their natural periods are included in the predominant period range of ground motion of the Wenchuan earthquake on thick loess sites.These research results would provide a basis for seismic disasters prediction and evaluation and seismic design of construction engineering in the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
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研究黄土丘陵河谷场地在地震作用下强地面运动特征的变化情况,可以揭示强震对该类场地上震害的触发机理。结合黄土高原的地貌特征,建立具有代表性的动力数值分析模型,通过输入不同幅值、频谱特性和持续时间的地震波,对起伏地形和覆盖黄土层共同影响下的黄土河谷场地进行地震反应分析。结果表明:黄土层和地形耦合作用控制了地表的PGA变化,使其趋于复杂,在同一输入波不同振幅作用下,与基岩河谷各测点相比,黄土覆盖河谷场地的地震动频谱幅值均有所增加,并且频谱主峰均向高频移动。在不同地震波输入下,场地不同部位的固有频率受地形高程和土层影响;而地震动大小和频谱幅值不仅与场地的基本频谱和地形起伏有关,也与输入地震波的频谱成分相关。输入波PGA与地震频谱特征都不变时,同一场地输出的地震频谱形状具有相似的特征,随着地震持时增长,能量向场地基本频率附近集中,从而可能导致场地上相应频率建筑物震动幅值增加,造成累积破坏。 相似文献
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Mirko Mazza 《地震科学（英文版）》2015,28(4):285-302
The design provisions of current seismic codes are generally not very accurate for assessing effects of near-fault ground motions on reinforced concrete(r.c.)spatial frames,because only far-fault ground motions are considered in the seismic codes.Strong near-fault earthquakes are characterized by long-duration(horizontal)pulses and high values of the ratio α_(PGA)of the peak value of the vertical acceleration,PGA_V,to the analogous value of the horizontal acceleration,PGA_H,which can become critical for girders and columns.In this work,six- and twelve-storey r.c.spatial frames are designed according to the provisions of the Italian seismic code,considering the horizontal seismic loads acting(besides the gravity loads)alone or in combination with the vertical ones.The nonlinear seismic analysis of the test structures is performed using a step-by-step procedure based on a two-parameter implicit integration scheme and an initial stress-like iterative procedure.A lumped plasticity model based on the Haar-Karman principle is adopted to model the inelastic behaviour of the frame members.For the numerical investigation,five near-fault ground motions with high values of the acceleration ratio α_(PGA) are considered.Moreover,following recent seismological studies,which allow the extraction of the largest(horizontal) pulse from a near-fault ground motion,five pulse-type(horizontal)ground motions are selected by comparing the original ground motion with the residual motion after the pulse has been extracted.The results of the nonlinear dynamic analysis carried out on the test structures highlighted that horizontal and vertical components of near-fault ground motions may require additional consideration in the seismic codes. 相似文献
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This study evaluates the effect of considering ground motion duration when selecting hazard‐consistent ground motions for structural collapse risk assessment. A procedure to compute source‐specific probability distributions of the durations of ground motions anticipated at a site, based on the generalized conditional intensity measure framework, is developed. Targets are computed for three sites in Western USA, located in distinct tectonic settings: Seattle, Eugene, and San Francisco. The effect of considering duration when estimating the collapse risk of a ductile reinforced concrete moment frame building, designed for a site in Seattle, is quantified by conducting multiple stripe analyses using groups of ground motions selected using different procedures. The mean annual frequency of collapse (λcollapse) in Seattle is found to be underestimated by 29% when using typical‐duration ground motions from the PEER NGA‐West2 database. The effect of duration is even more important in sites like Eugene (λcollapse underestimated by 59%), where the seismic hazard is dominated by large magnitude interface earthquakes, and less important in sites like San Francisco (λcollapse underestimated by 7%), where the seismic hazard is dominated by crustal earthquakes. Ground motion selection procedures that employ causal parameters like magnitude, distance, and Vs30 as surrogates for ground motion duration are also evaluated. These procedures are found to produce poor fits to the duration and response spectrum targets because of the limited number of records that satisfy typical constraints imposed on the ranges of the causal parameters. As a consequence, ground motions selected based on causal parameters are found to overestimate λcollapse by 53%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This paper aimed to examine the site dependence and evaluate the methods for site analysis of far-source ground motions. This was achieved through the examination of frequency content estimated by different methods based on strong ground motions recorded at twelve far-source stations in Shandong province during the Wenchuan earthquake. The stations were located in sites with soil profiles ranging from code classes Ⅰ to Ⅲ. Approaches used included the Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS), the earthquake response spectrum (ERS), the spectral ratio between the horizontal and the vertical components (H/V), the spectral ratio between the spectra at the site and at a reference site (SRRS), and coda wave analysis (CWA). Results showed that major periods of these ground motions obtained by FAS, ERS and H/V ratio methods were all evidently larger than site dominant periods; the periods were also different from each other and mainly reflected the frequency content of long period components. Prominent periods obtained by the SRRS approach neither illuminated the long period aspect nor efficiently determined site features of the motions. The CWA resulted in a period close to site period for stations with good quality recordings. The results obtained in this study will be useful for the evaluation of far-source effect in constructing seismic design spectra and in selecting methods for ground motion site analysis. 相似文献