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1.
Daniela Veronica Ghica 《Journal of Seismology》2011,15(3):487-506
Data recorded with the Bucovina Romanian Seismic Array (BURAR) seismic array between January 2005 and December 2008 were analyzed
to verify the monitoring capabilities of regional and distant seismicity. For this time interval, nearly 35,000 events detected
by BURAR and identified in seismic bulletins (Preliminary Determination of Epicenters and Romanian Earthquake Catalogue) were
investigated using parameters as backazimuth, epicentral distance and magnitude. A remarkably detection capability is emphasized
for teleseismic observations (Δ > 20°). BURAR onsets could be associated to almost 60% of all events in the teleseismic distance,
with a magnitude detection threshold of 4.5 (mb). When no threshold magnitude is applied, the full detection capability of
BURAR is in the same order as the performance of GERES array, which is one of the most sensitive stations in Central Europe.
For regional events, detection capability decreases to about 16% of all events within regional distance range. The site conditions
(crustal structure and high frequency cultural noise) as well as array dimension, affect the signal coherency and reduce the
array detection capability for regional events. For both teleseismic and regional distances, a monthly variation of BURAR
detection capabilities has been found; the number of events detected during the summer time is diminished by the specific
seasonal human activity and atmospheric conditions (thunderstorms). To prove the good detection capability of the BURAR for
teleseismic distances, a comparison with the observations of the Romanian Real Time Network in terms of magnitude and epicentral
distance was carried out. The higher signal detection capability of BURAR is due to the array techniques applied in data processing,
which enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. The monitoring performed by the BURAR seismic array provides a good azimuthal coverage
of the regional and distant seismicity, in a large range of epicentral distances. 相似文献
2.
J. Schweitzer 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2001,158(1-2):375-396
—?The first step to identify and locate a seismic event is the association of observed onsets with common seismic sources. This is especially important in the context of monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) at the International Data Center (IDC) being developed in Vienna, Austria. Well-defined slowness measurements are very useful for associating seismic phases to presumed seismic events.¶Shortly after installation of the first seismic arrays, systematic discrepancies between measured and theoretically predicted slowness values were observed, and therefore slowness measurements of seismic stations should be calibrated. The observed slownesses measured with small aperture arrays, some of which will be included in the International Monitoring System (IMS) now being implemented for verifying compliance with the CTBT, show large scatter and deviations from theoretically expected values. However, in this study a method is presented, by which mean slowness corrections can be derived, which show relatively stable patterns specific to each array.¶The correction of measured slowness values of these arrays clearly improved the single array location capabilities. Applying slowness corrections with seismic phases observed by ARCES, FINES, GERES, and NORES, and associated to seismic events in the bulletins of the prototype International Data Center (pIDC) in Arlington, VA, also clearly demonstrates the advantages of these corrections. For arrays with large slowness deviations that are due to the influence of a dipping layer, the corrections were modeled with a sine function depending on the measured azimuth. In addition, the measured values can be weighted with the corresponding uncertainties known from the process of deriving the mean corrections. 相似文献
3.
In the monitoring of earthquakes and nuclear explosions using a sparse worldwide network of seismic stations, it is frequently
necessary to make reliable location estimates using a single seismic array. It is also desirable to screen out routine industrial
explosions automatically in order that analyst resources are not wasted upon detections which can, with a high level of confidence,
be associated with such a source. The Kovdor mine on the Kola Peninsula of NW Russia is the site of frequent industrial blasts
which are well recorded by the ARCES regional seismic array at a distance of approximately 300 km. We describe here an automatic
procedure for identifying signals which are likely to result from blasts at the Kovdor mine and, wherever possible, for obtaining
single array locations for such events. Carefully calibrated processing parameters were chosen using measurements from confirmed
events at the mine over a one-year period for which the operators supplied Ground Truth information. Phase arrival times are
estimated using an autoregressive method and slowness and azimuth are estimated using broadband f{-}k analysis in fixed frequency bands and time-windows fixed relative to the initial P-onset time. We demonstrate the improvement
to slowness estimates resulting from the use of fixed frequency bands. Events can be located using a single array if, in addition
to the P-phase, at least one secondary phase is found with both an acceptable slowness estimate and valid onset-time estimate.
We evaluate the on-line system over a twelve month period; every event known to have occured at the mine is detected by the
process and 32 out of 53 confirmed events were located automatically. The remaining events were classified as “very likely”
Kovdor events and were subsequently located by an analyst. The false alarm rate is low; only 84 very likely Kovdor events
were identified during the whole of 2003 and none of these were subsequently located at a large distance from the mine. The
location accuracy achieved automatically by the single-array process is remarkably good, and is comparable to that obtained
interactively by an experienced analyst using two-array observations. The greatest problem encountered in the single array
location procedure is the difficulty in determining arrival times for secondary phases, given the weak Sn phase and the complexity
of the P-coda. The method described here could be applied to a wide range of locations and sources for which the monitoring
of seismic activity is desirable. The effectiveness will depend upon the distance between source and receiver, the nature
of the seismic sources and the level of regional seismicity. 相似文献
4.
The seismic arrays at Hailar (HILR) and at Lanzhou (LZDM) in China are both primary stations of the International Monitoring
System for verifying compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. These two stations became operational in 2002
and have since then provided continuous data. In this study, the so-called slowness–azimuth station corrections (SASC) were
derived and used to improve the location accuracy of the two arrays. The SASC are found by comparing the back-azimuth and
slownesses obtained from array processing to the theoretical values calculated from the reported event locations and the corresponding
seismic velocity model. Events reported by the National Earthquake International Center in the time period 2002 to 2006 were
used as reference events, and the IASP91 was used as the theoretical velocity model. Small correction vectors with random
orientation were found for HILR. Larger correction vectors with systematic vector biases were found for LZDM. The LZDM correction
vectors seem to point to the same direction in a large part of the slowness space and may be attributed to local structure.
After introducing the SASC for HILR, the standard deviations of back-azimuth and slowness residuals drop from 7.1° to 4.6°
and from 1.0 to 0.6 s/°, respectively. For LZDM, these values drop from 22.3° to 10.2° and from 2.9 to 1.1 s/°, respectively.
The variations of back-azimuth and slowness residuals were reduced by 32% and 30.2%, respectively, for HILR after SASC and
the reductions were 21% and 40.2% for LZDM. The improvements were 77% in back-azimuth and 67% in slowness location for HILR
and were 79% and 81% for LZDM after SASC.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
5.
Lei Li 《Journal of Seismology》2011,15(4):653-658
Knowledge about backazimuth and slowness deviations at seismic arrays can be used as a tool to study subsurface lateral heterogeneity
and improve the ability to locate events. Recently, Hao and Zheng (J Seismol 13:437–448, 2009) estimated the backazimuth and slowness deviations for teleseismic P waves recorded by the HILR array and the LZDM array
using f–k analysis. They attributed the significant deviations at the LZDM array to dipping structures beneath the array.
However, another possible factor, namely the altitude variations of array elements, was not taken into consideration during
the slowness estimation process. For the LZDM array, the maximum altitude difference is ~15% of the array aperture and not
negligible. In this study, we made some numerical experiments to investigate the difference between the estimated and theoretical
slowness vectors when ignoring the altitude difference. The results reveal that remarkable artificial slowness shift is produced.
Assuming a P-wave velocity of 5.4 km/s immediately beneath the array, the magnitude of slowness shift increases from 1.4 to
2.2 s/° when the theoretical slowness decreases from 16 to 4 s/°. For a 10° emergence angle, the backazimuth deviation reaches
nearly 40°, and the relative slowness deviation can be greater than 60%. It is also shown that ignoring the altitude difference
gives rise to a northeastward slowness shift, opposite to the southwestward shift proposed by Hao and Zheng, suggesting that
they have heavily underestimated the slowness residuals at the LZDM array. Note that the elevation of one of the array stations
is much lower than others. Avoiding the use of this station, the elevation variation range of array stations decreases by
nearly one half, and the artificial backazimuth and slowness deviations decrease by more than one half. 相似文献
6.
格尔木地震台阵勘址数据分析与台阵布局设计 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了增强西部地区的地震监测能力, 中国拟在格尔木地区建立一个小孔径地震台阵。 本文对台阵勘址数据进行了噪声与信号的相关性分析, 得到地震监测的最佳台间距。 结果表明, 对于近震和区域震的监测, 该台阵子台间距最好小于500 m, 对于远震的监测, 台站组合间距应为1500～2000 m。 最后将勘址布设的台阵作为初选台阵进行了台阵响应计算, 计算显示, 台阵响应的主瓣在NW-ES方向较窄, 表明对来自该方向事件的慢度分辨率较高; 由于呈“L”型分布, 该初选台阵确定某些方向地震的方位角较好, 但检测其他方向事件的方位角精度不高, 这可以通过台阵校正进行改善; 台阵响应中出现的多处侧瓣是由于子台间距较大造成的。 相似文献
7.
The global monitoring of earthquakes and explosions at decreasing magnitudes necessitates the fully automatic detection, location and classification of an ever increasing number of seismic events. Many seismic stations of the International Monitoring System are small-aperture arrays designed to optimize the detection and measurement of regional phases. Collaboration with operators of mines within regional distances of the ARCES array, together with waveform correlation techniques, has provided an unparalleled opportunity to assess the ability of a small-aperture array to provide robust and accurate direction and slowness estimates for phase arrivals resulting from well-constrained events at sites of repeating seismicity. A significant reason for the inaccuracy of current fully-automatic event location estimates is the use of f?k slowness estimates measured in variable frequency bands. The variability of slowness and azimuth measurements for a given phase from a given source region is reduced by the application of almost any constant frequency band. However, the frequency band resulting in the most stable estimates varies greatly from site to site. Situations are observed in which regional P- arrivals from two sites, far closer than the theoretical resolution of the array, result in highly distinct populations in slowness space. This means that the f?k estimates, even at relatively low frequencies, can be sensitive to source and path-specific characteristics of the wavefield and should be treated with caution when inferring a geographical backazimuth under the assumption of a planar wavefront arriving along the great-circle path. Moreover, different frequency bands are associated with different biases meaning that slowness and azimuth station corrections (commonly denoted SASCs) cannot be calibrated, and should not be used, without reference to the frequency band employed. We demonstrate an example where fully-automatic locations based on a source-region specific fixed-parameter template are more stable than the corresponding analyst reviewed estimates. The reason is that the analyst selects a frequency band and analysis window which appears optimal for each event. In this case, the frequency band which produces the most consistent direction estimates has neither the best SNR or the greatest beam-gain, and is therefore unlikely to be chosen by an analyst without calibration data. 相似文献
8.
We use the slowness-azimuth station correction （SASC） method to improve the location accuracy of the Wenchuan aftershocks recorded by the Nagqu and Hotan seismic arrays. The results show that the standard deviations of back-azimuth and slowness errors of Wenchuan aftershocks recorded by the Nagqu array decreased by 32% and 58% respectively after correction. The decrease is 38 % and 71% for the Hotan array. After the correction, the location accuracy of all Wenchuan aftershocks recorded by the Nagqu array is improved. For the Hotan array, the accuracy is improved in the slowness estimation for 78 % of aftershocks and in back-azimuth estimation for all aftershocks. 相似文献
9.
Avadh Ram 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1982,28(3):242-250
About fifty earthquakes in the distance range 40–70° and azimuthal range 45–120° from the Celebes, Philippines, Mariana and Kurile Island regions, and recorded at Gauribidanur seismic array in southern India, were used in the present study. Measurements on slowness and apparent azimuths were made on the first 30 s of the short period P-wave trains using an adaptive processing technique. Analysis of this data set has revealed no strong evidence for any triplications in the travel-time curve over the ranges in question. The P-wave velocity increases continuously with an almost uniform gradient below 1000 km depth range and is in very close agreement with the JB model. Almost all the observed slowness values of the events were anomalously low and consistent suggesting that they are caused by some azimuthal dependent structure near the array. 相似文献
10.
收集了湖北省数字测震台网2007—2015年记录到的数字地震波形,利用震相清晰的台站测定了地方震震级,并计算了其与中国地震台网中心公布震级的偏差.在此基础上,以每个数字测震台站为中心,按照每30°为一个区间,将每个台站记录到的地震事件分为12个区间,对每个区间的平均震级偏差和标准离差予以统计分析.结果显示,除去24个无地震事件区间,300个区间的平均震级偏差中,81.7%的偏差小于0.3;再除去14个样本数为1的区间,其余286个区间的方位标准离差中,98.3%的离差小于0.5.经校正后各区间的平均震级偏差和方位标准离差均有所下降,表明地震传播方位对地方震震级测定的影响有所降低.因此,针对数字测震台站对不同方位地震所测定的震级偏差存在的差异进行相应校正是必要且有意义的. 相似文献
11.
Bogusław M. Domański 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(3):267-287
An analysis of source parameters of the two unexpected earthquakes from the Kaliningrad (Russia) area is presented. The earthquakes
occurred on 21 September 2004 at 11:05:01 and 13:32:31 UT, respectively. The first event was located at the latitude φ = 54.924°N and the longitude λ = 20.120°E, with a depth h = 16 km, and the second event at φ = 54.876°N, λ = 20.120°E and h = 20 km.
Magnitudes Mw of the two events were very similar: 5.1 and 5.2. The magnitude values reported by various international data centers have
been meaningfully different. The reason is the presence of high-frequency components in Z velocity component of the S wavefield.
They were observed along the direction defined by two stations, BLEU in Sweden and SUW in Poland, located in opposite sides
of the source. Along the direction perpendicular to it, the effects are relatively very small. The high-frequency waves are
understood to mean components in the 6–8 Hz band for event 1 and 2-4 Hz for event 2. The effects in question are also clearly
visible on displacement spectrograms. The magnitude values calculated at such stations from S-wave amplitudes or from seismic
spectra are clearly overestimated and are close to 6. Therefore, we made a careful selection of channels in order to determine
the spectral parameters and, on this basis, the source parameters.
The size of the source is relatively small, of about 2 km. The closest seismic station is at 100 source radii from the source.
One can clearly see the effect of the TT zone which markedly reduces the seismic moment value for seismic stations laying
on the opposite sides of the source. Both events have very similar spatial distributions of the source parameters: magnitude,
seismic moment and radius. 相似文献
12.
I. O. Kitov S. G. Volosov S. B. Kishkina N. L. Konstantinovskaya K. S. Nepeina M. A. Nesterkina I. A. Sanina 《Seismic Instruments》2016,52(1):19-31
A small-aperture seismic array consisting of seven three-component seismometers carried out continuous measurements of regional seismicity in a selected area of the Nizhni Novgorod nuclear power plant during four months of 2013. Automatic signal detection using beamforming was applied separately for each motion component. Two horizontal components were transformed into radial and transverse components for the given values of the velocity and azimuth of the plane wave front. We have investigated the dependence of the coherence of microseismic noise on frequency, azimuth, and slowness, as well as determining the level of cross-correlation between signals on separate channels in order to estimate expected improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio, which is crucial for signal detection. Most signals detected by the seismic array from regional sources are associated with quarry blasts. Using repetitive explosions at seven quarries, we have quantitatively estimated and compared the increase in detection efficiency of regional seismic phases using a three-component small aperture seismic array and a subarray of vertical sensors. Horizontal sensors showed a higher efficiency in the detection of transverse waves, while the subarray of vertical sensors missed S-waves from certain events. For one of the nearby quarries, the vertical subarray missed up to 25% of events (5 of 20). The results of the investigation point to the need for the use of three-component seismic arrays for the study of regional seismicity. 相似文献
13.
A radial velocity anomaly in the lower mantle may cause a triplication in the travel-time curve for short-period P waves, but the first two arrivals may not be separable visually on seismograms over a distance range of about 4–10°. However, the changes of slowness and azimuth as a function of time can be used to infer the presence of interfering signals. Some of the interference effects that can be generated synthetically are often observed on seismograms of earthquakes recorded at the Yellowknife array at distances close to 50°, 80° and 90°. The data from Yellowknife provide evidence for the presence of regions of high velocity gradients at depths of about 1250, 2400 and 2730 km that also show rapid lateral variations. Numerous P arrivals from South American earthquakes that traverse the lowest 500 km of the mantle beneath the Caribbean region have been used to illustrate the main features of the interference method. 相似文献
14.
将压缩感知方法应用于上海佘山地震台阵远震定位,对于该台阵记录的MS 5.5以上全球地震事件,根据震级大小、地震波走时、事件分布,筛选得到45个远震事件记录,采用分析压缩感知及传统方法,计算最优反方位角和慢度值,发现压缩感知方法在地震台阵的远震定位中表现良好;对于震相较为复杂的地震,在求取能量最大及超过最大能量95%以上的点,得到最终源信号,也就是震源位置,压缩感知方法具有更高的分辨率。 相似文献
15.
C. Wright 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1983,32(2):168-181
A method for analysing travel times measured at a large array or a network of seismographs from many earthquakes within a specific region has been developed. Approximate relative station corrections are calculated from the residuals on a least-squares line or least-squares quadratic form fitted through the times for each earthquake, and may be improved by iteration after a preliminary travel-time curve has been derived. Accurate relative baseline corrections for each earthquake are also calculated iteratively, and an optimum slowness-distance curve is determined from the combined corrected travel times from all earthquakes using a trade-off procedure. Calculations using synthetic travel-time data suggest that abrupt changes in slowness of ～ 0.4 s deg?1 due to the presence of triplications are generally resolvable, provided that the effects of lateral variations are small, even with random epicentre mislocations in the range ± 0.5°. Slowness measurements at a network of temporary stations deployed across Australia do not show any discontinuities in slowness greater than 0.2 s deg?1 in the distance range 45–54°. Similar measurements at the Warramunga array from the same source regions, however, suggest the presence of complexity in the slowness curve at distances close to 50°. Relative arrival times at the temporary network generally have standard deviations less than 0.25 s, thus suggesting that details of structure finer than those derived from conventional travel-time studies can be resolved. 相似文献
16.
Introduction The azimuth and slowness are two major features of seismic signals. The accurate estimation of them is quite important for both phase identification and event location. Generally, there are two types of seismic stations, i.e. 3-component stations (3C) and arrays. To estimate the two direc-tional parameters, the polarization analysis (Jurkevics, 1988) is commonly used for 3C stations and the frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis ( f-k) (Capon, 1969; Kvaerna, Doornbos, 1986) is … 相似文献
17.
18.
Time variations in the parameters of seismic activity in two regions in Greece, which are known to have different geodynamical
conditions, are analyzed using the FastBEE algorithm suggested in (Papadopoulos and Baskoutas, 2009). The study is based on the data on weak earthquakes that occurred
in two local regions. One region pertains to the zone dominated by intensive compression stress field, while another is located
in the region of a relatively lower intensity extension stress field. It is shown that in the zone of compression the seismic
parameters exhibit anomalous temporal behavior before strong earthquakes with Ms ≥ 5.7, whereas in the zones of extension, similar anomalies precede earthquakes with lower magnitudes of up to Ms ≥ 4.9. The most informative parameters for the purposes of predicting strong seismic events are the released seismic energy
in the form logE
2/3 and the slope of the frequency-magnitude dependence, b-value. The seismic activity in the region, expressed in terms of the logarithmic number of earthquakes, per unit time in some cases
does not exhibit any particular pattern of behavior before strong earthquakes. In the time series of the studied parameters,
four stages in the seismic process are clearly distinguished before strong earthquakes. Typically, a strong earthquake has
a low probability to occur within the first two stages. Instead, this probability arises at stage III and attains its maximum
at the end of this stage coinciding with the occurrence of the strong earthquake. We suggest these features of the time series
to be used for the assessment of seismic hazard and for the real-time prediction of strong earthquakes. The time variations
in the b-value are found to be correlated with the time variations inlogE
2/3. This correlation is closely approximated by the power-law function. The parameters of this function depend on the geodynamical
features of the region and characterize the intensity and the type of the regional tectonic stresses. The results of our study
show that the FastBEE algorithm can be successfully applied for monitoring seismic hazard and predicting strong earthquakes. 相似文献
19.
Characteristics of Seismic Wave Propagation in the Binchuan Region of Yunnan Using a Dense Seismic Array and Large Volume Airgun Shots 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The Binchuan region of Yunnan is a structurally complex region with mountains, basins, and active faults. In this situation,seismic wave propagation exhibits complex characteristics due to strong heterogeneity of underground media instead of following the great-circle path. In order to obtain a high-resolution shallow crustal structure, a dense seismic array was deployed during March 21 to May 30, 2017 in this area. To better understand the complexities of seismic wave propagation in this region, we perform array-based frequency-domain beamforming analysis and single-station based polarization analysis to investigate the characteristics of seismic wave propagation, using airgun-generated P-wave signals recorded by dense array stations in this experiment. The results from these two methods both reveal similar but complex characteristics of seismic wave propagation in the Binchuan basin. The azimuth anomalies off the great-circle path are quite large with values up to 30°, which is caused by strong structural heterogeneity in the very shallow crust. Our research provide a better understanding of the complex geologic structures in this area and provide guidance for detecting concealed faults and distribution of velocity anomalies. 相似文献
20.
Ihsane Bensaid Taj-Eddine Cherkaoui Fida Medina Bento Caldeira Elisa Buforn Anas Emran Youssef Hahou 《Journal of Seismology》2012,16(1):35-53
The Tafilalt region, located at the eastern end of the Anti-Atlas chain in Morocco, was shaken on 23 and 30 October 1992 by
two moderate earthquakes of magnitude mb ∼ 5 and intensity ∼ VI MSK64, which caused two deaths and great damage in the area between Erfoud and Rissani. The review
of data available on the seismic crisis allowed us to improve the knowledge on the macroseismic, instrumental and source parameters
of the earthquakes. The main results of the present study are: (1) location of the epicentres with the help of data from a
close portable network allowed us to propose new epicentral coordinates at 31.361° N, 4.182° W (23 October) and 31.286° N,
4.347° W (30 October); both events have focal depths of 2 km; (2) the shock of 30 October was followed by a series of 305
aftershocks, most of which were located west of Rissani; the 61 best-constrained events had focal depths of 5 to 19 km and
magnitudes 0.7 to 3; (3) the largest damage was located in an area between the two epicentres within the Tafilalt valley and
was probably amplified by site effects due to the proximity of the water table within the Quaternary sediments; (4) focal
mechanisms of the main events correspond to strike-slip faulting with fault planes oriented N–S (left lateral) and E–W (right
lateral); the only mechanism available for the aftershocks also corresponds to strike-slip faulting; (5) spectral analysis
shows that the scalar seismic moment (Mo) of the first event is slightly larger than the second; the corresponding values of Mw are 5.1 and 5.0, respectively; (6) the dimensions of the faults for a circular fault model are 7.7 ± 1.4 and 7.4 ± 1.2 km,
respectively; the average displacement is 4 cm for the first event and 3.7 cm for the second; the stress drop is 0.4 and 0.3 MPa,
respectively, in agreement with standard values; (7) the Coulomb Stress test performed for both earthquakes suggests a relationship
between both events only when the used location is at the limit of the horizontal uncertainty; (8) finally, the occurrence
of these shocks suggests that the Anti-Atlas is undergoing tectonic deformation in addition to thermal uplift as suggested
by recent publications. 相似文献