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成油环境中的流体包裹体：分析步骤与PTX重建 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
JacquesPIRONON 《岩石学报》2004,20(6):1333-1342
摘要石油盆地内的古流体以流体包裹体的形式保存在成岩矿物中，它们代表了初始石油或气相的组成并记录了流体捕获时的温度和压力条件。在储集层中卤水通常以不混溶相的形式与石油共存。一般利用单个包裹体分析法对水溶液和石油包裹体进行研究，利用显微测温法来确定相转变的温度，利用拉曼光谱定量来分析水溶液包裹体中溶解甲烷的含量，石油包裹体中CH4和CO2的含量可以利用傅立叶变换红外光谱分析来估算，通过共聚焦扫描激光显微镜来重建石油包裹体的体积。利用Duan和Peng-Robinson方程可进行热力学模拟，并分别应用于水溶液和石油包裹体体系。两类流体体系等容线的交点可用来确定流体捕获时的实际温度和压力条件，从而利用流体压力对具有不同地球动力学背景的源区流体动力学演化进行重建。 相似文献
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利用流体包裹体分析东营凹陷古压力 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
流体包裹体是盆地流体的原始样品，它记录了地质历史中盆地流体的很多信息。通过研究流体包裹体可以得出其成藏环境的原始古压力，这在石油地质领域中具有重要的意义。文章以东营凹陷为例利用流体包裹体分析了其古压力。结果表明，东营凹陷在包裹体被捕获时就具有了异常高压，以后随着埋藏作用和油气充注的进行，异常压力值也在增大，从而表明利用流体包裹体研究沉积盆地古压力是一种行之有效的方法，能够为古压力的研究提供可靠的依据。 相似文献
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流体包裹体在成岩作用研究中的应用 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
流体包裹体的研究已经被引入到沉积学和和石油地质学领域中,常用的研究方法主要有包裹体测温和包裹体成分分析。利用流体包裹体测温的数据。可以分析,判断沉积成岩和成藏作用发生时的流体特征和古地温梯度,恢复成岩环境。利用流体包裹体的成分特征可以判断成藏和成岩作用发生的时间,从而得出沉积盆地构造运动演化、成岩作用和油气运移的时序。 相似文献
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南黄海盆地含烃热液流体活动：流体包裹体证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南黄海盆地勿南沙隆起古生界地层的地热和地球化学异常一直受到众多地质学家和地球化学家的关注。本文联用显微测温和激光拉曼光谱技术对南黄海盆地勿南沙隆起的常州(CZ)-2-1井二叠系栖霞组灰岩石英脉中的流体包裹体进行了详细研究。根据岩石学特征、室温下包裹体相态特征和成分差别,这些包裹体可以分成三大类六小类。流体包裹体拉曼光谱分析结果表明包裹体中含有甲烷和有机物,证明了该区曾经有含烃类流体活动。显微测温分析表明流体包裹体的均一温度在214℃～305℃之间,远高于该区正常沉积的盆地古地温,暗示包裹体捕获了热液流体。根据岩石学观察和测温分析结果,样品中主要存在三期流体包裹体,其均一温度和流体的甲烷浓度分别为:214℃,0.1347mol/L;265℃,0.1722mol/L;305℃,0.3370mol/L。包裹体甲烷浓度随均一温度升高呈增大的趋势。本次研究证实南黄海盆地勿南沙隆起区曾存在含烃热液流体活动,这些实验结果可以为合理解释热异常和地球化学异常提供证据。 相似文献
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在流体包裹体显微冷热台系统观测基础上,通过显微激光拉曼探针揭示出兰坪中—新生代盆地内金顶及外围矿床成矿主阶段原生流体包裹体含烃富CO_2,成分变化大。流体成分的耦合关系研究,并配合O、C同位素分析认为成矿流体中部分CO_2来自地幔,部分是沉积地层中碳酸盐岩和有机质分解成因,H_2O和烃主要起源于大气成因盆地卤水和地层有机质。地幔源CO_2对贱金属元素的搬运可能贡献突出,而烃类对金属元素的沉淀意义重大。成矿流体成分具有幔源(富CO_2和金属元素)和壳源(盆地流体富烃类和H_2O)两种流体混合的特征,暗示不同性质流体的混合可能是成矿作用基本方式。 相似文献
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包裹体研究──盆地流体追踪的有力工具 总被引：67，自引：5，他引：67
矿物包裹体在研究碳酸盐岩的成岩作用，恢复盆地的热演化历史，指示油气生成、运移、聚集方面取得了很大进展。矿物包裹体是盆地流体的原始样品，它记录了地质历史中盆地流体的很多信息，有效地测定各期矿物流体包裹体的均一温度，是直接了解盆地热流体活动的重要数据；系统测定各类流体包裹体的初熔温度和冰点温度，能大致判断流体的矿化类型和矿化程度；流体包裹体的ｐ－Ｖ－Ｔ－ｘ研究，是探讨流体温度、压力的依据；荧光显微镜等对有机包裹体的有效鉴别，色谱方法对流体包裹体有机和无机成分的分析能提供流体组成和烃类赋存的多种信息；特别是近年来大力发展的单个包裹体的激光拉曼光谱等探针分析，以及包裹体群的ＧＣ－ＭＳ和δ￣（１３）Ｃ、δＤ、δ￣（１８）Ｏ同位素分析在追踪盆地流体性质、成因及其与油气等矿产的关系方面将发挥愈来愈大的作用。 相似文献
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单个流体包裹体LA-ICP-MS成分分析及在矿床学中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
流体对于热液矿床成矿过程起着十分重要的作用,而古成矿流体最直接的代表是流体包裹体,流体包裹体研究是了解与成矿有关的一系列问题的重要钥匙。单个流体包裹体成分LA-ICP-MS分析是了解成矿流体成分特征的最重要手段之一。文章简要介绍了单个流体包裹体成分LA_ICP_MS分析技术及待测样品选取等方面的问题,重点归纳了流体包裹体成分LA-ICP-MS分析在矿床学中的主要应用,如成矿流体的特征、成矿流体的来源、成矿流体演化历程、诱发金属沉淀的原因、岩浆_热液矿床中金属的来源、元素在不同相中的分配、模拟计算。最后为LA-ICP-MS对单个流体包裹体成分测试的前景做了简单的展望。 相似文献
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传统石油资源评价中进行勘探的方法是依据圈闭容量。然而,碳氢化合物的圈闭更经常的是缺少碳氢化合物或达到溢出点的碳氢化合物的量不足。在这样的情况下,碳氢化合物的获取量,圈闭和未圈闭量是限制一个地区碳氢化合物量的因素。石油勘探地球化学方面的进展,为确定碳氢化合物源区岩石和确定经热熟化而产生的碳氢化合物的性质,已建立了一些判别标准。有机地球化学与沉积岩石学和地层学原理的结合,使地质工作者不仅能从化学角度上描述源区岩石,即使当所取样品不能利用时,也可对源区岩石在时空上的分布进行预测和制图。与此同时所取得的进展也可以模拟有机成岩作用与石油的形成、排出和破坏的关系。随着这些成果的结合,建立了一种可靠的估算产生、迁移和圈闭在盆地或次级盆地中的碳氢化合物量的方法。我们将该方法作为石油资源评价的一种方法。 相似文献
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The analysis of oil trapped during secondary migration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During secondary migration, there is an opportunity for oil to be trapped as fluid inclusions (FIs) within framework grains such as quartz and within diagenetic cements that have a crystalline structure. Oil saturation on migration pathways remains relatively low, so typically fewer oil inclusions get trapped compared with samples from an oil column. Geochemical analysis of the much smaller amounts of inclusion oil present in samples from interpreted oil migration pathways has been attempted for two samples from the Champagny-1 and Delamere-1 wells in the Vulcan Sub-Basin, northern offshore Australia. A combination of petrographic analysis, bulk geochemical inclusion analysis and log evaluation confirmed that both samples were from oil migration pathways. Despite the small number of oil inclusions, reliable geochemical data were acquired from both samples that were significantly above the levels detected for the system and outside-rinse blanks. The FI oil trapped on the interpreted oil migration pathway in Champagny-1 was generated from clay-rich marine source rock with little terrigenous organic matter input. It was generated at peak oil window maturity and correlates best with oils derived from the Late Jurassic Lower Vulcan Formation. In contrast, the Delamere-1 FI oil contains evidence of greater input of terrigenous organic matter and was generated at early oil window maturity. This FI oil also contains a signature of a biodegraded component, which could have been generated either from the Middle Jurassic Plover Formation, or from an older source rock. These data indicate that it is feasible to geochemically map migration pathways across prospects or basins, and to analyse palaeo-oil compositions in oil zones where the few inclusions get trapped. This also suggests that the few oil inclusions that sometimes occur in Proterozoic or Archaean rocks may be analysable in the future, which would provide relatively pristine and robust data on the composition and diversity of Earth’s early biosphere. 相似文献
12.
为了解析东营凹陷岩性油气藏的成因与成藏机理,采用地球化学途径对岩性油气藏最为发育的牛庄洼陷的原油、不同层位烃源岩进行了详细的烃类化学成分分析与精细油源对比研究.牛庄洼陷以沙三中为主的岩性(含透镜体)及其相关油气藏原油普遍具有低Pr/Ph值(<1)、相对较高的甾烷、伽玛蜡烷丰度等沙四上亚段烃源岩的特征,与沙三中烃源岩(Pr/Ph>1)无相关性,与沙三下亚段烃源岩(Pr/Ph>1、伽玛蜡烷含量低)也有明显的非相似性.沙三中亚段的岩性及其相关油气藏油气并非以沙三中为主力烃源岩,而是表现出沙三下特别是沙四上亚段烃源岩的某些特性,暗示以往所确认的透镜体等岩性油气藏极为发育的牛庄洼陷油气成因复杂,油气成藏模式很难用传统的“自生自储”来描述.沙三中岩性油气藏中混合了相隔数百米的沙四段成因油气指示隐蔽油气运移通道的存在. 相似文献
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Junping Huang Xiangbo Li Qilin Chen Zhanlong Yang Yanrong Wan Lihua Wei Liwen Long Xiaoguang Liu 《中国地球化学学报》2012,31(3):327-339
In the lower parts of oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 of the Yanchang Formation are oil-bearing layers newly found in oil exploration in the Ordos Basin.Based on GC,GC-MS analyses of saturated hydrocarbons from crude oils and source rocks,reservoir fluid inclusions and BasinMod,the origin of crude oils,accumulation period and accumulation models are discussed in combination with other petroleum geology data in this paper.The result shows that(1) there are two different types of crude oils in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Longdong and Jiyuan regions:crude oils of typeⅠ(Well D86,Well A44,Well A75,Well B227,Well X62 and Well Z150) are mainly de-rived from the Chang 7 source rocks(including mudstones and shales) and distributed in the Jiyuan and Longdong regions;those of typeⅡ(Well Z14 and Well Y427),are distributed in the Longdong region,which are derived from the Chang 9 source rocks.Crude oils from oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region are mainly derived from the Chang-9 source rocks;(2) there are two phases of hydrocarbon filling in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Jiyuan and Longdong regions and oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region:The first phase started at the early stage of J2z.The process of hydrocarbon filling was discontinuous in the Late Jurassic,because of the tectonic-thermal event in the Ordos Basin.The second phase was the main accumulation period,and hydrocarbons began to accumulate from the late stage of J2a to the middle-late of K1,mainly at the middle-late stage of K1;(3) there exist two types of accu-mulation models in oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 of the Yanchang Formation:source rocks of the reservoirs in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Jiyuan region and oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region,the mixed type of reservoirs on the lateral side of source rocks and source rocks of the reservoirs in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Long-dong region. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地北部奥陶系油气相态及其成因分析 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
塔里木盆地北部地区奥陶系是最重要的勘探层系,油气资源丰富;同时油气相态复杂多样,既有凝析气藏、正常油藏,也有稠油油藏、沥青等。通过对油气藏形成演化与保存过程的系统分析,结合油气地球化学和流体包裹体等分析数据,发现油气相态的多样性与油气多期次充注与次生蚀变作用有关。提出塔北隆起的东部奥陶系存在三期油气充注过程,分别发生在加里东运动晚期-海西早期、海西运动晚期、喜马拉雅运动晚期,原油主要来源于中、上奥陶统烃源岩,天然气主要来自与寒武系烃源岩有关的液态烃的裂解;塔北隆起的中西部奥陶系的油气充注主要发生在海西运动晚期。塔北奥陶系油藏形成以后,经历了三期明显的调整改造过程:海西早期构造抬升导致志留-泥盆系遭受剥蚀,东部源自寒武系油气的古油藏遭受破坏,形成沥青;三叠系沉积前的晚海西运动,使得奥陶系生源的油藏大范围遭受降解稠化;晚喜山期,来自于满加尔坳陷的天然气自东向西充注,致使隆起东部早期形成的油藏发生强烈的气侵改造,形成次生凝析气藏。而中西部奥陶系油藏在三叠系沉积前遭受降解稠化后,一直处于沉降深埋过程,油藏得到有效保存;由于成藏时间较早,轻质组分散失较多,气油比极低,油质较稠。研究认为,油气相态的多样性主要受晚海西期构造运动的抬升造成的生物降解作用和喜马拉雅晚期构造运动造成的天然气自东向西大规模充注对油藏进行气洗改造两大过程的控制。 相似文献
15.
A Study on Organic Inclusions in Clastic Reservoir Rocks and Their Application to the Assessment of Oil and Gas Accumulations 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Terrigenous clastic reservoir rocks are widespread in China,and nearly all the industrial oil and gas accumulations in eastern China occur in the clastic rocks.The study shows that organic inclusions are mostly distributed in the secondary fissures and pores which were ormed in the process of oil-rock interaction,rather than in the cements or secondary enlargements. The organic inclusions are dominantly organic gas-rich or are composed of pure hydrocarbons.Homogenization temperatures range mainly from 120℃ to 130℃，which shows a relatively high maturity of organic matter.Vertical and horizontal temperature changes provide the grounds for the investigation of basin evolution and thermal fluid-kinetics-model.Fluorescence spectral characteristics o the organic inclusions indicate that oils and gases in the area studied probably have experienced two-stage or two-time migration.Micro-fluorescence rescearch is one of the effective approaches to oil/source correlation and oil migration-stage determination.The abundance and occurrence of organic inclusions is one of the indicators of oil and gas abundance and accumulation in rock layers.With the help of other informatio,organic inclusions can provide the basis for the prospective assessment of oil and gas in clastic reservoir rocks. 相似文献
16.
Measurements of the absolute and relative concentrations of nitrogen-containing compounds in crude oils from different reservoir strata (Ordovician, Silurian and Carboniferous) in the Tazhong region of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China, showed that even though there are quite a number of factors affecting the distributional and compositional characteristics of neutral nitrogen-containing compounds in crude oils, the distributional and compositional characteristics of crude oils whose source conditions are approximate to one another are influenced mainly by the migration and fractionation effects in the process of formation of oil reservoirs. In addition, crude oils in the Tazhong region show obvious migration-fractionation effects in the vertical direction. Carboniferous crude oils are characterized by high migration parameters and low compound concentrations, just in contrast to Ordovician crude oils. This indicates that crude oils from shallow-level oil reservoirs were derived from those of deep-level oil reservoirs via faults, unconformable contact or carrier beds. Crude oils from the Tazhong region show some migration-fractionation effects in the lateral direction, but mixing of crude oils derived from different hydrocarbon source rocks in the process of formation of oil reservoirs made it more complicated the migration and accumulation of crude oils, as well as the formation of oil reservoirs. 相似文献
17.
Subtle traps or oil pools have become an important exploration play in the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, east China. Despite recent successes in exploration, the formation mechanisms of subtle traps are still not well understood. The majority of subtle oil pools in the Dongying Depression are developed in the middle interval of the Es3 Member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation with the subtle traps being primarily of lenticular basin-floor turbidite sands encompassed in mudstones. Oil in the subtle traps was previously thought to have migrated directly from the surrounding source rocks of the same formation （Es3）. Detailed geochemical investigation of 41 oils and 41 rock samples from the depression now indicates that the oils from the subtle traps cannot be correlated well with the surrounding Es3 source rocks, which are characterized by high Pr/ Ph （〉1）, low Gammacerane/C30hopane, representing a freshwater lacustrine setting. In contrast the oils features low Pr/Ph （〈1） and relatively high Gammacerane content, showing a genetic affinity with the underlying Es4 source rocks, which also have the same qualities, indicating a brackish lacustrine setting. Oils in the Es3 subtle traps are probably derived from mixed sources with the contribution from the upper Es4 source rocks predominating. Therefore unconventional oil migration and accumulation mechanisms need to be invoked to explain the pooling of oils from the ES4 source rocks, which probably came through a thick low interval of the Es3 source rocks with no apparent structural or stratigraphic pathways. We suggest that the subtle oil migration pathway probably plays an important role here. This finding may have significant implications for future exploration and the remaining resource evaluation in the Dongying Depression. 相似文献
18.
In the Yongjin oilfield of southern Junggar Basin, many wells have been drilled to produce industrial oils. Based on the analysis of fluid inclusions in the reservoirs, in combination with the geological and thermal evolution, the charge history in this area has been studied. The results indicate that the Jurassic Formation and Cretaceous Formation reservoirs contain abundant oil and gas inclusions, and four types of fluid inclusions have been distinguished. According to the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions, the hydrocarbons charged the Cretaceous Formation for two periods, one ranges from the Late Cretaceous period to the Eogene period, and the other ranges from the Neocene period to the present. The oil filling history is correlated with the oil source correlation analysis, which is controlled by the movement of the Che-Mo plaeo uplift. Overall, oil accumulation is characterized by the superposition of two sets of source rocks for two stages in the Shawan depression. 相似文献
19.
有机质演化与沉积矿床成因(Ⅱ)--煤成烃类与层控矿床 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
成煤物质被埋藏以后,在其煤化作用过程中可生成大量气体烃(即煤成气)与少量液体烃(即煤成油)。按照B. JI.科兹洛夫计算值一吨煤产生的甲烷量，褐煤阶段为68M3，到焦煤达270M3，到无烟煤可超过400M3 相似文献
20.
Distribution Characteristics of Effective Source Rocks and Their Control on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: A Case Study from the Dongying Sag, Eastern China 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
ZHU Guangyou JIN Qiang ZHANG Shuichang DAI Jinxing ZHANG Linye LI Jian Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing E-mail: zhugy Faculty of Geo-resource Information University of Petroleum Dongying Shandong Geo-science Academy in Shengli Oil Fiel Dongying Shandong 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(6):1275-1288
The exploration conducted in the Bohai Bay basin, eastern China has demonstrated that the abundant petroleum resources have close affinities to the hydrocarbon kitchen with rich organic matter. A number of oil-generating associations with various characteristics of organic geochemistry and assemblages of multiple reservoir facies are developed due to the multi-center sedimentation, multi-source supply and multi-cycle evolution of filling, which have resulted in the formation of multiple oil and gas accumulation zones of various layers and trap styles. Among them the Paleogene Shahejie Formation is the most important hydrocarbon accumulation combination in the Dongying sag. Heretofore, its proved reserve has reached nearly 1.8×109t, which accounts for more than 90% of the total proved reserves of the Dongying sag. Based on previous studies, more than 600 source rock samples and 186 crude oil samples of the Shahejie Formation, collected from 30 oilfields, have been treated with organic geochemical testing 相似文献