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夏季滇池和入滇河流氮、磷污染特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为探讨滇池入湖河流水体营养盐空间分布特征及其对滇池水体富营养化的影响,2014年7月采集了入滇4类典型河流(城市纳污型河流、城乡结合型河流、农田型河流、村镇型河流)及滇池水样,分析其氮、磷浓度.结果表明:4条入湖河流总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、硝态氮和氨氮污染均较严重;河流水体中TN、TP平均浓度大小为:农田型河流(大河)村镇型河流(柴河)城乡结合型河流(宝象河)城市纳污型河流(盘龙江),其中农田型河流(大河)水体TN、TP污染最为严重;在夏季,4条入湖河流水体中TN、TP浓度从上游向下游增加趋势比较明显,表明氮、磷沿河流不断富集;氮磷比分析表明,夏季河流输入氮、磷营养盐有利于藻类的生长,并且滇池浮游植物生长主要受TN浓度限制;夏季滇池南部入湖河流水体的TN、TP浓度高于北部入湖河流,该特征与滇池水体中TN、TP污染分布状况相反,推测滇池北部富营养化的主要影响因素是内源释放.因此,在今后的滇池水体富营养化研究中,应对滇池内源释放进行深入研究. 相似文献
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于2018年68月在长江下游菜子湖流域沿岸带、敞水区、湖口和河道4种典型微生境分别设置样点进行鱼类调查,探讨生境过滤对鱼类物种和功能组成的影响.共采集鱼类5目31属43种,其中沿岸带湖泊定居性、山溪河流性及江湖洄游性鱼类物种数均较低,河道山溪河流性鱼类物种数较高.通过对各微生境间物种组成的差异分析,显示出4种微生境条件下的鱼类群落均有显著差异,且沿岸带、敞水区和河道的代表种分别为、鳙、草鱼、鲢,华鳈、光唇蛇鮈、蛇鮈.通过单因素多元方差分析解析不同生境过滤条件下鱼类物种和功能多样性的差异,发现在物种多样性层面,沿岸带的Richness指数和Shannon-Wiener指数显著低于其他微生境;在功能多样性层面,不仅发现沿岸带显著较低的RaoQ指数,同时发现河道的FDiv指数显著高于其他微生境类型. 相似文献
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滇池新运粮河水质季节变化及河岸带生态修复的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
新运粮河作为一条重要的滇池入湖河流,其水质直接影响滇池的生态健康与环境安全.运用单因子水质标识指数法探讨新运粮河下游水质季节变化规律及影响因子,并分析河岸带修复方式(护岸改造)对河流水质的影响.结果表明:铵氮,总氮,总磷,化学需氧量随时间变化明显.在5-10月的雨季,各指标浓度呈下降趋势,11月至次年4月的旱季,降水量少,各指标浓度呈上升趋势,且显著高于雨季时浓度,监测河段全年水质为劣Ⅴ类.木桩护岸河段营养盐去除率明显高于直立混凝土堤岸河段的去除率,同一护岸类型河段夏季去除率显著高于冬季. 相似文献
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In eutrophic Lake Biel, Switzerland, the qualitative and quantitative food composition of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) was examined monthly from August 1978 to August 1979. The fish caught in the littoral zone fed on phytoplankton, periphyton, makrophytes, zooplankton and molluscs. The food composition was different from month to month as well as between the different size classes of the fishes. The fish caught in the pelagic zone fed almost exclusively on crustaceans. 相似文献
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Aaron T. Fricke Charles A. Nittrouer Andrea S. Ogston Daniel J. Nowacki Nils E. Asp Pedro W. M. Souza Filho 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(1):204-218
Depositional environments along the tidal river downstream of Óbidos have been proposed as important sinks for up to one third of the sediment discharge from the Amazon River. However, the morphology of the intertidal floodplain and the dynamics of sediment exchange along this reach have yet to be described. River-bank surveys in five regions along the Amazon tidal river reveal a distinct transition in bank morphology between the upper, central and lower reaches of the tidal river. The upper tidal-river floodplain is defined by prominent natural levees that control the transfer of water and sediment between the mainstem Amazon River and its floodplain. Greater tidal influence in the central tidal river suppresses levee development, and tidal currents increase sediment transport into the distal parts of the floodplain. In the lower tidal river, the floodplain morphology closely resembles marine intertidal environments (e.g. mud flats, salt marshes), with dendritic tidal channels incising elevated vegetated flats. Theory, morphology and geochronology suggest that the dynamics of sediment delivery to the intertidal floodplain of the Amazon tidal river vary along its length due to the relative influence and coupling of fluvial and tidal dynamics. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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官厅水库秋季悬浮颗粒物和CDOM吸收特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2012年9月5日在官厅水库采集的水体吸收系数数据,对总悬浮颗粒物、浮游植物色素颗粒物、非色素颗粒物和有色可溶性有机物的吸收特性进行研究.结果表明:秋季官厅水库的颗粒物吸收以浮游植物色素吸收为主,总颗粒物吸收光谱与浮游藻类吸收光谱相似;非色素颗粒物和有色可溶性有机物的吸收系数随波长的增大接近指数规律衰减;ad(440)、ad(675)与CChl.a呈显著相关,表明官厅水库秋季的非色素颗粒物主要来源于浮游藻类降解产物,陆源性输入较少;a ph(440)、a ph(675)与CChl.a存在显著线性关系,但其比吸收系数较为恒定,与CChl.a基本无关;不同采样点的不同组分吸收系数对总吸收系数的贡献不同,大致有4种表现类型.在富营养程度较高的妫库区,浮游植物色素是水体光谱吸收的主导因子;在富营养程度较低的中库区,颗粒物与有色可溶性有机物共同主导水体光谱吸收. 相似文献
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对藻类水华的生态控制区分为欧美学者提出的经典生物操纵和我国学者提出的非经典生物操纵,前者依赖浮游动物,可用来控制小型藻类,后者依赖滤食性鱼类,可用来控制形成群体的蓝藻（特别是微囊藻）。武汉东湖是一个富营养化城市湖泊,30余年未发生水华,2021年突然暴发微囊藻水华,一度覆盖湖面近87%。东湖生态站通过对长期监测数据的分析发现,东湖目前的营养水平仍然适合蓝藻的暴发,而短期内又无法进一步有效削减营养盐负荷,因此,基于非经典生物操纵的理论（合理配置本土的滤食性鲢、鳙）,实施了定量化的生物控藻方案,结果控藻成效显著,在极端高温干旱的2022年并未发生蓝藻水华,即将东湖生态系统从水华（浊水）稳态迅速切换到了非水华稳态,完成了一种新的稳态转换,获得了经典生物操纵从未有过的成功。非经典生物操纵理论的有效性通过全湖实验得到了验证,证明它提供了一种对环境友好、成本极低且颇为有效的控制富营养湖泊中形成群体蓝藻水华的方法,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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武山湖是紧邻长江的通江型富营养化湖泊,是国家级湿地公园.为切实了解该湖在以鲢、鳙养殖为主的情况下浮游植物结构特征,于2017年9月-2018年8月对其浮游植物群落结构特征及水质开展了监测.监测结果表明武山湖水质全年处于轻度富营养到重度富营养水平之间;12次共采集浮游植物7门100种（属）,浮游植物优势种共有23种,其中蓝藻门有9种,绿藻门有8种,硅藻门和隐藻门各有3种.夏季和秋季蓝藻门优势种最多且优势度高,冬季和春季绿藻门和硅藻门优势种多且优势度高.武山湖浮游植物每月优势度最大的种类主要有蓝藻门微囊藻和细小平裂藻、绿藻门小球藻以及硅藻门小环藻.浮游植物生物量峰值出现在6月,达34.77 mg/L;丰度峰值出现在7月,达341.46×106 cells/L.冗余分析（RDA）和线性相关分析均表明浮游植物丰度和生物量与总磷、温度和pH均呈显著正相关,且蓝藻门生物量和丰度以及优势属与总磷和温度均呈显著正相关.研究结果表明武山湖浮游植物丰度和生物量在夏季均很高,发生蓝藻水华的风险较大.相对于氮,磷是更重要的限制浮游植物生长的营养元素. 相似文献
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滇池生态系统退化成因、格局特征与分区分步恢复策略 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
选取生态系统中重要的组成成份:浮游植物、底栖动物、水生植物的历史演变和现在分布状况数据,结合水质变化情况,揭示了滇池生态系统退化原因:在外因上,污染物持续输入以及围湖造田、直立堤岸和水量交换缓慢等外力干扰加剧系统组分失衡是直接原因;在内因上,由于滇池所处的地理位置、气候等原因,蓝藻生物量对营养盐增加的响应远高于其他湖泊(太湖、巢湖),草型向藻型湖泊的转换进程更快;与太湖和东湖的生态系统比较,高原湖泊滇池生态系统相对脆弱,如物种的同域分化、窄生态位,导致系统的稳定性差、自我修复能力弱.通过对滇池生态格局特征、湖岸带结构的分析,将滇池划分为5个生态区:草海重污染区、藻类聚集区、沉水植被残存区、近岸带受损区和水生植被受损区,并提出"五区三步,南北并进,重点突破,治理与修复相结合"的滇池生态系统分区分步治理的新策略和"南部优先恢复;北部控藻治污;西部自然保护;东部外围突破"的总体方案. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2017,(4)
After operation of the Three Gorges Project(TGP), there is a new evolution tendency for rivers and lakes in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(i.e. the Ching River reaches). In recent years, the weakening connection relationship between the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake has resulted in a series of problems for flood regulation, water resources utilization, and aquatic ecosystem protection in the river-lake joint area. In this paper, the hydrological characteristics and fluvial processes within the river-lake joint area are studied, and possible management strategies to maintain the connected river-lake relationship are proposed. To achieve this objective, the evolution tendency, such as the zero-flow problem and river regime for three major outlets(i.e. the Songzi Outlet, Taiping Outlet, and Ouchi Outlet) to Dongting Lake from the Yangtze River, is analyzed. It is believed that the Songzi Outlet has a comparative advantage in flow diversion over the other two outlets. The Range of Variability Approach is introduced to identify hydrological characteristics at the Songzi Outlet. Several characteristic values of flow diversion from this outlet during drought periods are determined. Then, the fluvial processes in the river-lake joint area are studied by comparing topographic maps and using control gauge station data of various years. The water and sediment flux are analyzed before and after operation of the TGP. Finally, based on the results obtained, two possible management strategies are recommended and corresponding parameters are estimated to strengthen and maintain the connected river-lake relationship. This analysis takes into account operation of the TGP, mainstream shift and increasing riverbed scour in the Ching River channel.To restore the flow diversion condition to that in the 1950 s or 1960 s(i.e. 140 m~3/s of flow diversion corresponding to 5500 m~3/s of flow at the Zhicheng station), it is estimated that the river channel around the Songzi Outlet should be dredged 1.4 m under the current riverbed situation, and other corresponding improvement measures for Songzi River channels should also be implemented. 相似文献
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Ênio Wocyli Dantas Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-OliveiraAriadne do Nascimento Moura 《Limnologica》2012,42(1):72-80
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of seasonality on the behavior of phytoplankton associations in eutrophic reservoirs with different depths in northeastern Brazil. Five collections were carried out at each of the reservoirs at two depths (0.1 m and near the sediment) at three-month intervals in each season (dry and rainy). The phytoplankton samples were preserved in Lugol's solution and quantified under an inverted microscope for the determination of density values, which were subsequently converted to biomass values based on cellular biovolume and classified in phytoplankton associations. The following abiotic variables were analyzed: water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, water transparency, total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, orthophosphate and total nitrogen. The data were investigated using canonical correspondence analysis. The influence of seasonality on the dynamics of the phytoplankton community was lesser in the deeper reservoirs. Depth affected the behavior of the algal associations. Variation in light availability was a determinant of changes in the phytoplankton structure. Urosolenia and Anabaena associations were more abundant in shallow ecosystems with a larger eutrophic zone, whereas the Microcystis association was more related to deep ecosystems with adequate availability of nutrients. The distribution of Cyclotella, Geitlerinema, Planktothrix, Pseudanabaena and Cylindrospermopsis associations was different from that seen in subtropical regions and the substitution of these associations was related to a reduction in the eutrophic zone rather than the mixture zone. 相似文献
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多源水联合调度重构滇池流域健康水循环模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河湖生态用水被挤占并严重短缺是滇池水污染严重和恶化趋势难以遏制的根本原因之一.在对滇池流域"自然人工"二元水循环结构剖析的基础上,结合滇池治理"六大工程"实施现状及存在问题,以水资源的高效配置和循环利用为核心,提出了重构滇池流域健康水循环的总体框架.在水资源模拟系统MIKE BASIN平台上,通过水力联系将环湖截污、外流域调水与节水、入湖河道整治、农业农村面源治理、生态修复、生态清淤等整合为一个有机整体,以恢复流域自然水系循环为目标,将外流域引调水与本区水库水、滇池水、地下水、城市再生水等多源水资源进行水量和水质统一配置,得到滇池流域水资源总体配置方案.结果表明:在牛栏江向滇池年均补水5.72亿m3的前提下,昆明城市尾水可以全部直接外排至下游作为工业用水,削减滇池入湖污染负荷,从而加速滇池生态环境修复的进程. 相似文献
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Suspended sediment dynamics during the period 1964–1985 are examined along the mainstem of Changjiang (Yangtze River). The period represents a basin condition prior to major changes in land management policy and dam building on the river's mainstem. The downstream sediment dynamics reflect basin geology and topography and channel morphology. Sediment exchange within the mainstem was calculated by the development of reach sediment balances that reveal complex temporal and spatial patterns. There is relatively little sediment exchange in the upper, bedrock‐controlled reaches, with systematic increases in the downstream alluvial reaches. Degrading, transfer, and aggrading reaches were identified. Relations between input and output in all reaches were significant but no relation was found between sediment exchange and input/output. Comparison between ‘short‐term’ (22 years) and ‘long‐term’ (52 years) records demonstrates the importance of the record length in studying the suspended sediment dynamics in a large fluvial system. The longer record yielded better correlation and different trends than the shorter record. Sediment transfer (output/input ratio) changes downstream: the dominance of the upstream contributing area in sustaining the appearance of net degradation through most of the river system highlights the importance of reach length on characterisation of suspended sediment dynamics in large fluvial systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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筑坝改变河流生源要素迁移转化过程及浮游植物群落分布特征,影响河流生态系统结构与功能。为探究梯级筑坝河流浮游植物群落结构特征及其关键驱动因子,2016年丰水期、2018和2021年丰、枯水期在澜沧江开展了浮游植物群落及相关环境要素的调研。本文重点对比分析了丰水期自然河道段和水库浮游植物间的差异,基于广义相加模型(GAM)建立浮游植物与环境要素间的关系,研究发现:丰水期浮游植物生物量显著高于枯水期,丰、枯水期浮游植物群落结构均呈现上游以硅藻门为主,中下游以绿藻门、蓝藻门为主的变化特征。营养盐和水库的水力停留时间(HRT)是导致上、下游浮游植物生物量差异的关键环境要素;总磷、水温和HRT是影响浮游植物群落多样性指数的主要环境要素;总磷、氨氮是影响丰富度指数的关键环境要素。本研究结果有助于深化理解梯级筑坝河流生态环境效应。 相似文献
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Spatial and temporal patterns of stable water isotopes along the Yangtze River during two drought years 
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下载免费PDF全文 Changes in the level of the Yangtze River caused by anthropogenic water regulation have major effects on the hydrological processes and water cycle in surrounding lakes and rivers. In this study, we obtained isotopic evidence of changes in the water cycle of Yangtze River during the two drought years of 2006 and 2013. Isotopic evidence demonstrated that the δ18O and δD levels in Yangtze River exhibited high spatial heterogeneity from the upper to lower reaches, which were controlled by atmospheric precipitation, tributary/lake water mixing, damming regulation, and water temperature. Both the slope and intercept of Yangtze River evaporative line (δD = 7.88 δ18O + 7.96) were slightly higher than those of local meteoric water line of Yangtze River catchment (δD = 7.41 δ18O + 6.01). Most of the river isotopic values were located below the local meteoric water line, thereby implying that the Yangtze River water experienced a certain degree of evaporative enrichment on isotopic compositions of river water. The high fluctuations in the isotopic composition (e.g., deuterium excess [d‐excess]) in the middle to lower reaches during the initial stage of operation for the Three Gorges Dams (2003–2006) were due to heterogeneous isotopic signatures from the upstream water. In contrast to the normal stage (after 2010) characterized by the maximum water level and largest water storage, a relatively small variability in the deuterium excess was found along the middle to lower reaches because of the homogenization of reservoir water with a longer residence time and complete mixing. The effects of water from lakes and tributaries on the isotopic compositions in mainstream water were highlighted because of the high contributions of lakes water (e.g., Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake) efflux to the Yangtze River mainstream, which ranged from 21% to 85% during 2006 and 2013. These findings suggest that the retention and regulation of the Three Gorges Dams has greatly buffered the isotopic variability of the water cycle in the Yangtze catchment, thereby improving our understanding of the complex lake–river interactions along the middle to lower reaches in the future. 相似文献
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浮游动物牧食、水温及营养可利用性均可影响优势浮游植物功能群的转变,但这些驱动因素的交互作用尚不清楚。为了解云南高原湖泊——洱海浮游植物优势功能群的分布特征及其主要驱动因素,于2018年1月2020年12月进行月度采样,结合聚类分析、方差分析和冗余分析等,分析驱动浮游植物优势功能群转变的主要因素。结果表明,共鉴定浮游植物7门96属,划分为27个浮游植物功能群,其中优势功能群有15个。聚类分析结果表明,根据浮游植物功能群密度数据可将优势功能群转变过程分为3个由不同类型藻类主导的时期（S期、M期和P期）,其中S期（为期18个月）以功能群S1和H1（代表藻为假鱼腥藻、浮丝藻和长孢藻等丝状蓝藻）为主,M期（为期10个月）以功能群M（微囊藻群体）为主,P期（为期8个月）以功能群P和M（脆杆藻和单个微囊藻等）为主。RDA分析及变差分解分析结果表明,卡尔森营养状态指数（TSI）（主要是总磷）是影响以丝状藻类为主的浮游植物功能群的主要驱动因素,TSI和水温是影响以微囊藻为主的浮游植物功能群的重要驱动因素。因此,在富营养化初期湖泊中,降低湖泊营养负荷是首要任务。同时可以考虑增加浮游动物丰度的策略,以增强浮... 相似文献