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1.
S. Tessitore J. A. Fernández-Merodo G. Herrera R. Tomás M. Sanabria J. Duro J. Mulas D. Calcaterra 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(3):727-747
Subsidence due to groundwater overexploitation has been recognized in the metropolitan area of Murcia (25 km2) in south-eastern Spain since the early 1990s. Previous published works have focused their attention on land subsidence that occurred during the drought period between 1995 and 2008. This work first analyzes the groundwater recovery that has occurred since 2008 and then determines the kind of associated ground deformation detected by the new extensometric data. Subsequently, subsidence time series are computed on 24 geotechnical boreholes scattered throughout the study area by means of a hydro-mechanical finite element code and a linear-elastic constitutive law. A spatio-temporal interpolation of the numerically modeled surface displacements is performed over the whole domain and compared with extensometers and DInSAR-derived displacement maps in two different periods: the drought period from 2004 to 2008, and the recovery period from 2008 to 2012. In spite of the limited information on the geomechanical parameters characterizing the modelled geological formations, the proposed approach is able to discriminate areas where the soils have an elastic behavior (small differences in the comparisons) or an elasto-plastic behavior (large differences in the comparisons). This zonation enhances the understanding of the subsidence phenomenon in Murcia City and could prevent, from a quantitatively point of view, future severe subsidence due to aquifer overexploitation. 相似文献
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目前我国很多城市正在遭受地面沉降的地质灾害,长三角地区尤为严重,其持续时间长,规模大,带来的经济损失 巨大,无锡是长三角地区大规模地面沉降的典型代表城市之一。为此,本文利用 10 景 ALOS PALSAR 影像,基于短基线子 集(SBAS)干涉技术,评估了无锡市从 2007 年 1 月 12 日到 2011 年 3 月 10 日的地表时序形变。研究结果表明:惠山区沉降速率 较快;2007 年到 2009 年沉降空间格局发生了改变,2009 年到 2010 年监测结果出现异常陡降。实验证明利用短基线子集 (SBAS)干涉技术对大范围的长时间序列沉降监测可行且有效,其监测结果可以让决策者全面掌握地面沉降灾害的整体状 况,从而为地理国情监测以及防灾减灾提供重要的科学依据,同时也可以根据沉降规律追溯历史工程活动时间 。 相似文献
3.
The Characteristics and Causes of Land Subsidence in Tanggu Based on the GPS Survey System and Numerical Simulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Land subsidence is a severe hazard threatening Tanggu, a flat lowland area, and evidences of land subsidence can be seen throughout the city. A new reasonable GPS network was set up in this area from 2008 to 2010. The monitoring data show that land subsidence was serious and two main subsidence cones were obviously formed in the region. One emerged at Hujiayuan, with the maximum rate reaching 60 mm/a, and the influence region enlarged prominently from 2005 to 2010. The other one occurred at Kaifaqu, which became obvious only after 2005, and it showed a decreasing tendency with time. To analyze the causes of ground settlement, a correlation between groundwater withdrawal and land subsidence was firstly made. The results confirmed that over-exploitation of groundwater was the major cause for the severe settlement in Hujiayuan. Meanwhile, the subsidence of Kaifaqu was also related to groundwater withdrawal before 2005. However, the relationship became unconspicuous after 2005. To find the cause of this abnormity, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model, coupled with groundwater flow and subsidence, was built. The simulation results indicate that the subsidence induced by high-rise buildings is serious, but the affected range is limited and it also shows a decreasing trend with time, corresponding to the subsidence characteristics at Kaifaqu. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this hazard induced by engineering construction besides groundwater withdrawal, as more high-rise buildings are under construction in Tanggu. 相似文献
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The effect of stratigraphic heterogeneity on areal distribution of land subsidence at Taiyuan, northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Taiyuan city has experienced serious land subsidence since the 1950s, with the maximum accumulated subsidence of 2,960 mm and a total affected area of 585 km2 by 2003. Tectonic settlement was found to contribute about 1% and the major cause is over-exploitation of groundwater. The spatial–temporal relationship between the areal distribution of land subsidence and that of groundwater drawdown from 1956 to 2000 indicates that although land subsidence centers overall match groundwater depression cones, there are local deviations, and that although the time series curves are similar, land subsidence always lags behind groundwater level decline, with different lag time at different sites. The major findings of this work on the control of stratigraphic heterogeneity on the spatial pattern of land subsidence at Taiyuan include: (1) land subsidence centers shift from the corresponding groundwater depression cones to the sides with thicker accumulated clay layers; (2) under the same pumping rate, land subsidence at places with more clay interlayers and thinner individual interlayers is greater and the lag time shorter; and (3) land subsidence is closely related to the physical properties of clay soils. The Interbed Storage Package-1, a modular subroutine of MODFLOW was employed to simulate the areal distribution of individual layer compression. The modeling results show that compression of different clay layers has different contribution to land subsidence. Pumping groundwater from water-bearing zones close to the most compressible clay layers should therefore be carefully controlled. 相似文献
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Abidin Hasanuddin Z. Djaja Rochman Darmawan Dudy Hadi Samsul Akbar Arifin Rajiyowiryono H. Sudibyo Y. Meilano I. Kasuma M. A. Kahar J. Subarya Cecep 《Natural Hazards》2001,23(2-3):365-387
Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia with a population of about 10 million people, inhabiting an area of about 25 × 25 km. It has been reported for sometime that locations in Jakarta are subsiding at different rates. Up to the present, there has been no comprehensive information about the characteristics and pattern of land subsidence in the Jakarta area. Usually land subsidence in Jakarta is measured using extensometers and ground water level observations, or estimated using geological and hydrological parameters. To give a better picture about land subsidence, geodetic-based monitoring systems utilizing leveling and GPS surveys have also been implemented.The land subsidence characteristics of Jakarta and its surrounding area areinvestigated using data from three repeated leveling surveys performed in1982, 1991, and 1997, and two repeated GPS surveys conducted in 1997and 1999. Leveling surveys detected subsidence up to about 80 cm duringthe period of 1982–1991, and up to about 160 cm during the 1991–1997period; while GPS surveys observed subsidence up to about 20 cm duringthe period of 1997–1999. Comparison with the hydrological data shows thatland subsidence in Jakarta is strongly related to excessive groundwater extraction. 相似文献
9.
泰安市地下水开发利用中的水环境问题及对策 总被引：2，自引：6，他引：2
以泰安市为例,论述了地下水开发利用中出现的区域地下水位下降、地下水资源衰竭、地下水水质恶化、地面沉降、地面裂缝和地面塌陷等水环境问题,并提出了保护对策与建议. 相似文献
10.
Earth Fissuring and Land Subsidence in Western Saudi Arabia 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The present investigation deals with the engineering geological evaluation of earth fissuring associated with land subsidence in Wadi Al-Yutamah. The investigations include surface mapping and sampling, in situ and laboratory soil testing, water well inventory, geophysical survey, and monitoring of open fissures and the level of the wadi floor.The earth fissures in the area developed as a result of land subsidence due to man-induced water level declines caused by pumping water from the wadi aquifer above a safe yield. This situation has produced a compaction of underlying unconsolidated sediments and formed hair fissures above ridges and steps of buried surface bedrock. These hair fissures enlarged later after flood erosion and possible enhancement with hydrocompaction.The wadi soil in the study area consists mainly of silt of low plasticity, low density and high void ratio and it was classified as loess like material and collapsing soil. The settlement in the area is greatly increased by excessive wetting under constant pressures. The calculated coefficients of subsidence (collapse) show that the wadi soils were considered to pose moderate problems when wetted.Monitoring of the existing open earth fissures using extensometers indicates that the width of the fissure increases after flooding or rain falls. Monitoring of the ground level using GPS techniques, shows a good relation between the declination of the water table and the subsidence of the ground of the wadi floor. 相似文献
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采用解析法研究穿越地表建筑物浅埋隧道开挖引起的地表沉降。由无建筑物时岩土体开挖引起的地表沉降公式及半无限平面在均布荷载下的相对沉陷,推导出了穿越地表建筑物浅埋隧道施工引起的地表沉降公式,并通过实例验证了此方法的可行性。采用上述方法研究了地表建筑物的重量及其与浅埋隧道位置关系对地表沉降的影响,研究结果表明：浅埋隧道开挖引起的地表沉降随建筑物重量的增大而增大;建筑物中心到隧道轴线的水平距离是对地表沉降的一个重要影响因素,超过一定范围时建筑物的存在对地表沉降的影响可以忽略不计。研究结果可为类似隧道工程提供一定参考。 相似文献
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研究区位于山东半岛蓝色经济区和黄河三角洲高效生态经济区的交迭地带,区位优势明显。地面沉降灾害的发生对该区规划建设和港口防潮堤高程构成了威胁,因此,全面了解该区地面沉降的发育特征,尤其是掌握地面沉降的主要影响因素极其重要。前人在不同时段内应用GPS和水准测量方法对该区局部地段地面沉降开展了相应研究,但未对全区地面沉降状况进行分析评价,尚不能有效支撑区域规划建设及地面沉降防控管理。文章在前人研究基础上,基于PSInSAR遥感技术分析了该区地面沉降速率及其变化状况,并与水准测量成果进行了对比。认为多年来该区地面沉降现象明显,超过75%的区域发生了不同程度的地面沉降,在寿光-广饶交界处、寿光-滨海开发区北部、寿光城区西北部和昌邑-滨海开发区北部等存在多个显著片区,且多年变化总体呈现加重趋势;区内存在16个沉降中心,最大沉降速率达到29~168 mm/a,沉降速率超过40 mm/a的占比达到62%以上,主要分布于研究区西部和西北部;该区地面沉降受区域构造、地层结构、地下水开采和地面荷载等因素影响,其中地下水开采是区域地面沉降发生的主致因素,地面荷载加强了局部地段的不均匀沉降程度,区域构造和地层结构为地面沉降发育和加剧提供了地质背景条件。 相似文献
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GPS测量技术在锡山市地面沉降研究中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
通常研究认为, 苏锡常地区超量开采地下水是产生地面沉降最主要的因素之一。锡山市地下水开采十分强烈, 其地面沉降灾害也最为严重。为了有效地分析研究地面沉降的发生发展过程, 必须获取一定时间间隔内的地面沉降实测值, 全球定位系统 (GPS)就是一种既经济又高效的测量手段。本文在简要介绍了锡山市地质、水文地质及地下水开发利用情况的基础上, 重点阐述了运用GPS测量技术对锡山市地面沉降进行首次实测的情况, 并对其测量结果进行了系统分析, 最后对锡山市地面沉降的发展历史和现状进行了初步讨论。 相似文献
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Characterization of land subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawals in the plain of Beijing city,China 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Youquan Zhang Huili Gong Zhaoqin Gu Rong Wang Xiaojuan Li Wenji Zhao 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(2):397-409
The plain of Beijing city in China suffers severe land subsidence owing to groundwater overdraft. The maximum subsidence rate could reach 6 cm/year through the 2000s. An integrated subsidence-monitoring program was designed, including levelling survey, borehole extensometers and multilayer monitoring of groundwater level, with the aim to understand both hydrological and mechanical processes and to characterize the land subsidence. From multilayer compaction monitoring, the major compression layers were identified. The major strata contributing to compression deformation are the second (64.5–82.3 m) and third (102–117 m) aquitards, which contributed around 39 % of the total subsidence. Meanwhile, irrecoverable deformations were also observed in the second (82.3–102 m) and third (117–148 m) confined aquifers; they exhibit elasto-plastic mechanical behavior, which is attributed to the thin beds of silt or silty clay. Stress–strain analysis and oedometer tests were conducted to study the aquifer-system response to pumping and to estimate the specific storage of the major hydrogeologic units. The results reveal the creep behavior and elasto-plastic, visco-elasto-plastic mechanical behavior of the aquitards at different depths. The compressibility of the aquitards in the inelastic range is about one order of magnitude larger than for the elastic range. 相似文献
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Ahmed Bayoumi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(1):75-90
Borehole extensometers are commonly utilized in field monitoring programs to measure settlement. In order to secure the targets of the extensometer, the borehole is typically backfilled with cement-bentonite grout. In the absence of standards for grout mix designs and due to non-universality of the properties of the backfilling grout, the accuracy of settlement furnished by borehole extensometers may be questionable. A preliminary parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of grout stiffness on settlement measurements using borehole extensometers. The finite element program ABAQUS was used to model a borehole extensometer installed in an isotropic homogeneous elastic soil layer of a finite depth subjected to a uniform surface surcharge. Effect of the grout?Csoil elastic moduli ratio, soil/grout interface parameters (friction angle and shear strength), and extensometer embedment depth were investigated. Soil/grout interface behavior was assumed to comply with the elastic-perfectly plastic Coulomb friction model. The mechanism of measuring settlement using borehole extensometers was studied. The numerical study revealed that minimum errors in settlement can be obtained if the grout?Csoil elastic moduli ratio is made equal to about 1.0. Depending on the grout?Csoil moduli ratio, larger grout/soil interface friction angle and interface shear strength are generally associated with smaller settlement errors. Compared to fully embedded extensometers, partial embedment yields smaller settlement errors for grout?Csoil moduli ratio significantly above unity. In view of the findings of this preliminary parametric study, it is suggested to adopt the grout?Csoil moduli ratio in conjunction with grout compressive strength as the controlling criterion rather than the grout compressive strength only (current standard of practice). Additionally, it is evident that cement-bentonite grout mix should be carefully designed as part of the settlement monitoring programs to match the expected deformability (stiffness) of the soil mass under consideration. Future laboratory, field and numerical studies are needed to investigate more complex soil stratifications and to evaluate the behavior of various grout mixes. 相似文献
16.
The use of geosynthetic-encased stone columns as a method for soft soil treatment is extensively used to increase the bearing capacity and reduce the settlement of raft foundations and the foundation of structures like embankments. Pre-strain is an effect occurring in the encasement during stone column installation due to the compaction of the stone material. The present study uses the finite element program Plaxis to perform a numerical analysis of the soft clay bed reinforced by geosynthetic-encased stone columns. An idealization is proposed for simulation of installation of geosynthetic-encased stone columns in soft clay based on the unit-cell concept. In the analyses, initially, the validity of the analysis of the single column-reinforced soil in the unit-cell model was performed through comparison with the group columns. Then, by considering a unit-cell model, the finite element analyses were carried out to evaluate the stiffness of the reinforced ground to estimate the settlement. The results of the analyses show that the improved stiffness of the encased stone column is not only due to the confining pressure offered by the geosynthetic after loading, but the initial strain of the geosynthetic that occurred during installation also contributes to the enhancement of the stiffness of the stone column and the reduction of the settlement. 相似文献
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山东地面沉降灾害以鲁北平原最为严重,在德州地区的地面沉降已对当地人民的正常生产和生活构成了威胁,并制约了当地经济的可持续发展。通过建立水准测量网络及监测运行,查明了德州市地面沉降的规模和范围,研究成果表明工作区均存在地面沉降现象,截至2010年,德城区由于地下水开采强度大,地面沉降幅度最大,目前地面累计沉降量为-1186．9～-636．9mm,多年平均沉降速率为59．35mm／a,形成了以市区西北部为中心的地面沉降盆地。超量开采深层地下水是造成大规模地面沉降的重要因素。 相似文献
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豫北平原是河南省平原地区地面沉降灾害较严重地区之一,快速全面掌握豫北平原地面沉降信息、有效防控地面沉降的持续快速发展对中原城市群建设至关重要。本文借助中高分辨率RADARSAT-2雷达数据,基于SBAS-InSAR技术获取了豫北平原2014-2016年的地面沉降监测数据。监测结果表明：两年内豫北平原地面整体下沉,区内共圈定8个较明显的沉降区,总面积约3 006 km2,各沉降区沉降速率在25.00~114.85 mm/a之间;其中,除安阳县白壁镇-内黄县沉降区和辉县沉降区最大沉降速率分别达到95.36和114.85 mm/a之外,其余6个沉降区最大沉降速率均小于73.58 mm/a。根据沉降区现场实地调查和综合分析发现,豫北平原地面沉降主要是活动断裂、松软岩土、地下水超采、城市建设活动、石油和地热资源开采等共同作用的结果。建议将豫北平原地面沉降的防控重点放在人类活动引起的地下水超采和城市建设引发的松软岩土层超量堆载等方面。 相似文献
19.
Evaporite Dissolution Subsidence in the Historical City of Calatayud,Spain: Damage Appraisal and Prevention 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Calatayud in NE Spain is an historically important city built on recent alluvial deposits underlain by gypsum and other soluble rocks. Since its foundation by the Muslims in 716 A.D., the city development has been strongly influenced by geohazards including flooding, subsidence and slope movements. Most of the flooding problems have been mitigated by diversion of the local drainage. However, dissolution of the evaporite bedrock in the urban areas continually causes subsidence and triggers rock-falls from the gypsum cliffs overlooking the city. Subsidence is also caused by the hydrocollapse of gypsiferous silt in the alluvial fan deposits. Building damage in the city was surveyed using a classification scheme developed originally to record damage in British coal mining areas. The Calatayud damage survey shows that the worst building subsidence is concentrated along the line of a buried channel that runs underneath the gypsiferous silt alluvial fan. Natural subsurface drainage causes the dissolution and subsidence, which is aggravated by leakage from water and sewage pipes. Some building damage has been exacerbated during reconstruction by incomplete piling leaving buildings partially unsupported. Mitigation measures include the control of water leakage by the installation of flexible service pipes. Careful construction techniques are needed for both conservation and new developments, especially when piled and minipiled foundations are used. Geomorphological mapping is cost-effective in helping to locate and avoid the zones of subsidence for future development. 相似文献
20.
Factors Affecting Consolidation Related Prediction of Singapore Marine Clay by Observational Methods
The use of prefabricated vertical drains with preloading option is the most widely-used ground improvement method for the
improvement of marine clays in land reclamation projects. The assessment of the degree of consolidation of the marine clay
is of paramount importance prior to the removal of preload in such ground improvement projects. This analysis can be carried
out by means of observational methods with the use of field settlement plates and piezometer monitoring. Field settlement
monitoring data can be used to ascertain the settlement of the reclaimed fill from the time of initial installation. The field
settlement data can be analysed by the Asaoka method to predict the ultimate settlement of the reclaimed land under the surcharge
fill. Back-analysis of the field settlement data will enable the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow to be
closely estimated. Piezometer monitoring data can be analysed to obtain the degree of consolidation of the improved marine
clay. Back-analysis of the piezometer data will also enable the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow to be
estimated. The aim of this paper is to highlight the significance and impact of the various factors that affect prediction
by the Asaoka and piezometer assessment methods. The authors findings of the Asaoka method reveal that the magnitude of ultimate
settlement decreases and the degree of consolidation subsequently increases as a longer period of assessment is used in the
prediction. The degree of consolidation predicted by the piezometers is found to be in good agreement with the Asaoka method
for the early period of assessment. However as the assessment period increases, the piezometer indicates lower degree of consolidation
as compared to field settlement predictions. 相似文献