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1.
Groundwater preservation comprises a major problem in water policy. The comprehension of the groundwater/hydraulic systems can provide the means to approach this problem. Generally, drilling is expensive and time-consuming. On the other hand, new techniques have been applied during the last few decades that provide useful information on the depth and quality of aquifers. Among them, transient electromagnetic method (TEM) is an appealing method that provides fast results with minimum field crew and solves several hydrogeological problems. Many portable systems for single-site measurements are commercially available. The TEM-Fast 48HPC was used for acquiring 106 soundings in the northwestern Crete in Greece for defining the hydrogeological characteristics of the study area, since there were no available data from boreholes. Detailed geological, hydrolithological and tectonic survey was applied prior to the geophysical measurements. All the data were integrated to produce a secure and reliable hydrogeological model for the study area prior to any future hydrowell. Specifically, geometrical and hydraulic data of the study area groundwater were acquired. Two unconnected aquifers were detected and their possible contamination due to saltwater intrusion was analyzed and eliminated. Moreover, a location for borehole construction and groundwater pumping based on the potential of the aquifer system was proposed. Finally, the contribution of TEM (and electrical resistivity tomography) geophysical methods in studying complex coastal aquifers is shown by this work.  相似文献   

2.
State of knowledge of coastal aquifer management in South America   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A comparative analysis of the existing hydrogeological and management information from 15 coastal aquifers in South America was performed in order to obtain insight into common features of the sub-continent coastal zones. Some knowledge from other areas has been incorporated. There is a very variable degree of knowledge and management practice, ranging from almost no data and no action (the most common case), to sound conceptual models about aquifer behaviour and comprehensive management actions such as relocation of abstractions, pumping brackish groundwater, and aquifer vulnerability mapping. Some common features are: intensive groundwater exploitation; lack of characterization studies to support resource planning and management; lack of monitoring networks; and the need for raising awareness within society and its involvement in resource planning and management action programmes. Quality and quantity problems arising in heavily populated areas associated with coastal aquifers in South America point to unsustainable groundwater development. The sustainable use of those aquifers must rely on adequate evaluation of aquifer characteristics and monitoring.  相似文献   

3.
Understanding the transference of water resources within hydrogeological systems, particularly in coastal aquifers, in which groundwater discharge may occur through multiple pathways (through springs, into rivers and streams, towards the sea, etc.), is crucial for sustainable groundwater use. This research aims to demonstrate the usefulness of the application of conventional recharge assessment methods coupled to isotopic techniques for accurately quantifying the hydrogeological balance and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) from coastal carbonate aquifers. Sierra Almijara (Southern Spain), a carbonate aquifer formed of Triassic marbles, is considered as representative of Mediterranean coastal karst formations. The use of a multi-method approach has permitted the computation of a wide range of groundwater infiltration rates (17–60%) by means of direct application of hydrometeorological methods (Thornthwaite and Kessler) and spatially distributed information (modified APLIS method). A spatially weighted recharge rate of 42% results from the most coherent information on physiographic and hydrogeological characteristics of the studied system. Natural aquifer discharge and groundwater abstraction have been volumetrically quantified, based on flow and water-level data, while the relevance of SGD was estimated from the spatial analysis of salinity, 222Rn and the short-lived radium isotope 224Ra in coastal seawater. The total mean aquifer discharge (44.9–45.9 hm3 year?1) is in agreement with the average recharged groundwater (44.7 hm3 year?1), given that the system is volumetrically equilibrated during the study period. Besides the groundwater resources assessment, the methodological aspects of this research may be interesting for groundwater management and protection strategies in coastal areas, particularly karst environments.  相似文献   

4.
A conceptual hydrogeological model of the Mio-Pleistocene deposits in the Almada region, located in the Cenozoic aquifer system of the Lower Tagus Basin (Portugal), has been developed. Though numerous studies have been conducted on its geological features, there have not been enough hydrogeological investigations to define the origin, flow path and the groundwater quality and to understand the coexistence of overlapped interacting aquifers. Therefore, a study is presented here on the occurrences and features of groundwater resources in the Almada region based on an inventory in the field (wells, springs and boreholes), physical and chemical analyses, geologic setting, and tectonic and geomorphologic observations. This aquifer system has long been a source of concern because of the high level of extraction over the last few decades, as well as the progressive degradation of the water quality. Available groundwater resources have been affected by intensive agricultural and industrial activity, as a consequence of incorrect or non-existent hydrogeological knowledge.  相似文献   

5.
The chemical and hydrodynamic characteristics of groundwater in deltaic regions are strongly influenced by the complex stratigraphy of these areas, caused by the continuously varying depositional environments associated with their recent hydrographic evolution. As a case study, the eastern sector of the Po River plain, northern Italy, has been investigated to understand the quality of the available groundwater resources. Based on the analysis of hydrochemical and isotopic data, the recharge characteristics, the groundwater residence time and the aquifer vulnerability are defined. The results show significant qualitative degradation of the unconfined aquifer due to the shallow depth to water, while in the underlying confined aquifer, a hydrochemical facies of Ca–HCO3 type prevails. The spatial variation and relationship between oxygen-18 and deuterium determine: firstly, hydraulic separation of the two hydrogeological units; secondly, direct infiltration of local precipitation to the unconfined aquifer; thirdly, the occurrence of waters originating in the Alps and locally from the Apennines, pervading the confined aquifer. The tritium results suggest local mixing between the superficial waters and the confined aquifer, occurring along the palaeo-river channels. This increases the pollution vulnerability of the confined hydrogeological unit within the plain, which is the only natural groundwater resource exploited for water supply.  相似文献   

6.
云应盆地东北部属鄂北贫水地区,赋存于古近系—第四系含水层中的地下水是当地生产、生活用水的主要来源,亟需查明含水层的结构、含水层间地下水的转化关系等基本条件,为研究区内合理开发利用地下水提供依据。本研究通过野外水文地质调查、水文地质钻探工作,将研究区划分为单层含水层与双层含水层结构两个亚区（6个小区）。并通过地下水水位动态长期监测,获取了区内不同含水层的水位动态变化特征,分析各含水层之间的水力联系,建立了区域地下水转化的概念模式,即:研究区地下水以接受山前降雨入渗及风化裂隙水侧向径流补给为主,主要以水平径流的形式经古近系孔隙-裂隙含水层及第四系孔隙承压含水层往澴水方向运移,而后进入第四系孔隙潜水含水层。地下水和地表水在不同季节补排模式不同,雨季地表水（澴水）补给地下水,旱季地下水向地表水（澴水）排泄。古近系孔隙-裂隙水与上覆第四系孔隙水联系密切互为补给,共同构成具有统一水力联系的垂向多层结构的含水系统。独特的含水层结构决定了区内地下水接受降水补给的条件较差,地下水可开采资源量总体较贫乏,建议重点利用区域地表水资源,适度开发地下水资源,推进农业节水灌溉工程,实现水资源可持续利用。  相似文献   

7.
本数据集在1：50 000活鸡兔图幅内综合应用了遥感、地面调查、物探、钻探,以及水化学同位素等多种方法进行数据采集,共完成2期遥感数据解译800 km2,地面调查点377个,丰水期、枯水期地下水水位统测240点次,抽水试验10组,水体样品采集共计127组,水文地质钻探累计进尺600 m。本数据集细化了工作区内第四系孔隙含水层、白垩系洛河组孔隙-裂隙含水层富水等级,填补了侏罗系安定组、直罗组水文地质信息的空白;同时,加入了与采煤相关的次生环境地质要素,并首次将浅层含水层疏干区较为准确地勾画出来,还建立了采煤影响下的地下水的循环模式,突出了矿区水文地质调查的特色。本数据集为矿区水文地质调查工作的规划、部署与总结提供常态化支持,对保障国家能源安全、生态安全具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

8.
丰沛平原区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过总结丰沛平原区水文地质条件和特征,对该区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地进行分析,计算了华栖隆起区岩溶水可利用资源量,探讨裂隙岩溶水利用的可行性。研究表明: 丰沛平原区地下水主采层位为中上更新统孔隙含水层和新近系—下更新统孔隙含水层,已形成丰县城关—孙楼—常店和沛县—龙固2个大型超采漏斗区,总面积超过750 km2,引发了大面积地面沉降; 华栖隆起区为裂隙岩溶水的富水地段,总可采资源量为667.51万m3/a,可作为潜在水源地进一步开展地下水勘查评价工作; 裂隙岩溶水过量开采可能引发地面沉降、岩溶地面塌陷等地质灾害,后期应对裂隙岩溶水开采情况进行长期监测,合理开发利用水资源。华栖隆起区岩溶水距离城区近,水量大,水质好,开发难度小,具有可观的经济价值。  相似文献   

9.
Due to the geological and hydrogeological characteristics, the carbonate aquifers are frequently vulnerable to natural and/or anthropogenic polluting sources. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the intrinsic vulnerability to pollution of the Keritis River Basin (northwestern Crete, Greece). The huge amount of the flowing groundwater represents a strategic water resource to be allocated to drinking water purpose and to agricultural activities, too. The studied groundwater are characterized by quality degradation processes represented by the anthropogenic and natural pollution such as olive oil farming, agriculture activities, industrial waste and salt water intrusion. For a better management and protection of the water resources, the assessment and mapping of groundwater vulnerability to pollution are very important. From this investigation, the Keritis Basin showed an intrinsic vulnerability degree from extremely high to very low. This study allows to define the strategies which will permit a proper safeguard criteria, against the pollution sources of the Keritis Basin groundwater resources.  相似文献   

10.
通过总结丰沛平原区水文地质条件和特征,对该区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地进行分析,计算了华栖隆起区岩溶水可利用资源量,探讨裂隙岩溶水利用的可行性。研究表明: 丰沛平原区地下水主采层位为中上更新统孔隙含水层和新近系—下更新统孔隙含水层,已形成丰县城关—孙楼—常店和沛县—龙固2个大型超采漏斗区,总面积超过750 km2,引发了大面积地面沉降; 华栖隆起区为裂隙岩溶水的富水地段,总可采资源量为667.51万m3/a,可作为潜在水源地进一步开展地下水勘查评价工作; 裂隙岩溶水过量开采可能引发地面沉降、岩溶地面塌陷等地质灾害,后期应对裂隙岩溶水开采情况进行长期监测,合理开发利用水资源。华栖隆起区岩溶水距离城区近,水量大,水质好,开发难度小,具有可观的经济价值。  相似文献   

11.
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System has become one of the leading tools in the field of hydrogeological science, which helps in assessing, monitoring and conserving groundwater resources. It allows manipulation and analysis of individual layer of spatial data. It is used for analysing and modelling the interrelationship between the layers. This paper mainly deals with the integrated approach of Remote Sensing and geographical information system (GIS) to delineate groundwater potential zones in hard rock terrain. The remotely sensed data at the scale of 1:50,000 and topographical information from available maps, have been used for the preparation of ground water prospective map by integrating geology, geomorphology, slope, drainage-density and lineaments map of the study area. Further, the data on yield of aquifer, as observed from existing bore wells in the area, has been used to validate the groundwater potential map. The final result depicts the favourable prospective zones in the study area and can be helpful in better planning and management of groundwater resources especially in hard rock terrains.  相似文献   

12.
Korba aquifer is one of the most typical examples of overexploited coastal aquifer in the Mediterranean countries. In fact, from 1985, a considerable piezometric level drop, water salinization, and seawater intrusion were registered in the aquifer. In December 2008, Tunisian authorities initiated a general plan to groundwater management in order to augment groundwater resources, restore the piezometric levels, and improve water quality. The plan consists of artificial recharge of groundwater used treated wastewater through three infiltration basins. During the first 4 years (from December 2008 to December 2012), 1.41 Mm3 of treated wastewater was injected to the Korba aquifer. This study presents a hydrogeological assessment of groundwater evolution during the recharge processes. In this study, 32 piezometric and chemical surveys of 70 piezometers and observed wells are used to present hydrogeological investigation and water quality evolution of wastewater reuse through artificial recharge in Korba coastal aquifer. The piezometric evolution maps are used to specify the positive effect in groundwater level that exceeding 1.5 m in some regions. The interpretation of salinity evolution maps are used to indicate the improving of groundwater quality.  相似文献   

13.
基于地下水流数值模型的改进DRASTIC方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
地下水脆弱性评价作为地下水资源保护和地下水开发利用规划的一个重要工具,被广泛的应用于实际工作中。尝试利用地下水数值模型为改进的DRASTIC方法提供数据支持,并以北京市平原区为例探讨地下水脆弱性评价方法。评价结果与传统方法在高值区和低值区具有很好的对应性,而基于模型的方法在地下水水位计算、含水层介质和水力传导系数确定上较传统方法更具优势,如地下水位的计算上较传统方法更为客观地体现含水介质对地下水运动的影响,且能够方便地获得模拟期内任意时间的流场数据;经由模型调试后的含水层参数数据,较传统方法更为准确。评价结果分区之间的变化较传统方法更为平滑,更符合水文地质条件渐变的特性。  相似文献   

14.
The Beypazari region in NW Anatolia (Turkey) is characterized by high water demand and stress on available water resources. Tectonic structures control the groundwater flow, hydraulic head and well yield in the study area, which is located in the central part of the Beypazari Neogen basin. The impact of major tectonic structures on groundwater flow in the Cakiloba-Karadoruk aquifer is described. This aquifer is of sedimentary composition and underwent tectonic deformation, post-Miocene, forming northeast-striking asymmetric synclines, anticlines, monoclines, high-angle reverse faults and N–S striking tensional faults. Some of these structures affect groundwater flow by separating the aquifer system into sub-compartments, each having unique recharge, boundary and flow conditions. The groundwater system is compartmentalized into three sub-systems under the impacts of the Zaviye and Kanliceviz faults: (1) Arisekisi, (2) Elmabeli and (3) Southern sub-systems. The southern part of the Arisekisi sub-system and the Southern sub-system are characterized by a syncline and the aquifer is confined in the central part of the syncline. The Elmabeli sub-system has unconfined conditions. Consequently, the effects of tectonic structures are shown to be important for selecting well locations, evaluating groundwater use, groundwater management, and contaminant control in the study area, and also in other tectonic regions.  相似文献   

15.
Based on landform, climate, river system, geological structure and hydrogeological structure and from the perspective of systematology, the groundwater system of Asia can be divided into 36 secondary groundwater systems under 11 primary ones by the intercontinental scale. A scientific evaluation of groundwater resources in Asia can be secured using water balance method and runoff modulus method through water circulating analysis and feature study of groundwater system on the basis of groundwater system division of Asia. With natural recharge(runoff) modulus(10~4m~3/km~2·a), the total amount of water resources and those available for exploitation of primary groundwater system can be evaluated-continuous aquifers in plains and basins contain 242.465× 10~9 m~3/a of water, 169.725× 10~9 m~3/a of which is recoverable; discrete aquifers contain 186.695× 10~9 m~3/a, 130.686× 10~9 m~3/a of which is available for exploitation; other scattered aquifers contain 38.614× 10~9 m~3/a, 27.029× 10~9 m~3/a of which could be exploited. In total, there is 467.774× 10~9 m~3/a of groundwater with 327.440× 10~9 m~3/a recoverable. The groundwater map of Asia is compiled according to groundwater system division, evaluation of the total amount and aquifer types to reflect the macro features of groundwater resources in Asia, laying a scientific foundation for exploitation and management of water resources here and for avoiding disputes over groundwater resources and environment among Asian countries.  相似文献   

16.
郭敏  万军伟  江峰  黄琨 《地球科学》2017,42(1):155-160
目前对潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和水文地质参数求解方法的研究相对较少.通过对福建古雷半岛滨海潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和海水潮汐动态的观测, 运用Fourier频谱分析方法确定了研究区海水潮汐波动方程(波动特征参数), 并以此作为地下水的边界条件, 推导了潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应的波动方程, 利用最小二乘法以地下水水位波动观测值为目标函数对潜水含水层的渗透系数与重力给水度的比值进行了反演识别, 为类似地区水文地质参数的确定提供了借鉴, 也为该区后续地下水中溶质迁移规律的研究奠定了基础.   相似文献   

17.
In recent decades, the high population growth has increased the demand for agricultural lands and products. Groundwater offers reliability and flexibility in access to water for irrigation purposes, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, such as Amol-Babol Plain, Iran. However, the quality and quantity of groundwater may not be suitable for irrigation purposes in all areas due to urbanizations, and intensive agricultural and industrial activities. Groundwater suitability zoning for irrigation purposes could be useful to improve water resources and land use planning, mostly in areas with water scarcity. Therefore, a GIS-based indices method is proposed to assess suitable zones for agricultural activities, integrating the irrigation water quality (IWQ) index and hydrogeological factors. IWQ index was utilized to assess groundwater quality based on salinity hazard, infiltration hazard, specific ions, and trace elements hazards, and miscellaneous effects such as pH, bicarbonate, and nitrate. The potential of the aquifer for irrigation water abstraction was investigated using hydrogeological surveys such as slope angle of the plain, hydraulic conductivity, and aquifer thickness. The groundwater suitability index classified most of the study area (more than 90 %) as “excellent” or “good” suitability zones for irrigation purposes. A limited area of around 5.6 % of the total area has moderate suitability for irrigation purposes due to the Caspian Seawater intrusion and the presence of fossil saline water. The proposed methodology provides useful information in order to allow irrigation management to prevent water and soil deterioration.  相似文献   

18.
吉林省西部是我国主要粮食产区,但区内农业水利规划管理同时面临潜水资源与生态环境双重风险。近20年来,区内曾尝试多种水资源利用模式,但缺少不同模式应用效果的定量化对比。文章建立了不同水资源利用模式,对比分析各模式的水资源与次生盐碱化风险。以洮儿河流域为例,采用循环神经网络预测2019—2023年该地区大气降水和地表水对地下水补给量;通过随机数值模拟预测现状开采、连续干旱、无序开采、地下水库建设、节水灌溉、旱田改水田6种情形下,区内潜水水位空间分布特征。以防止次生盐碱化为目标,定义水位埋深上限为1 m;以含水介质厚度为参考,定义水位埋深下限为12 m。遴选适合吉林省西部地区地下水资源可持续利用模式。结果显示:无序开采是导致区内水资源枯竭的主要诱因;地下水库建设和旱改水工程有助于潜水资源维护,但长期运行可加剧生态环境风险。节水灌溉（净采强度为2.0×108～3.0×108 m3/a）是降低区内水资源风险和生态环境风险的最佳方式。文章采用的神经网络—随机模拟分析方法成功预测了地下水位变化驱动因子和地下水位中长期变化趋势,为我国干旱半干旱地区潜水资源利用方案制定提供了新方法。  相似文献   

19.
Sanjiang Plain-Amur River Basin aquifer is the aquifer shared by China and Russia, which is of great significance to water sources management for both countries, acting as a focused area by China and Russia. In this paper, the hydrogeological characteristics of the Sanjiang Plain-Amur River Basin is studied, aiming at understanding the differences as well as similarities of aquifer classification, chemical characteristics of groundwater, quantity of groundwater and groundwater evaluation methods of two countries, which will lay a solid foundation to further holistic study of the trans-boundary aquifer in the Sanjiang Plain-Amur River Basin.  相似文献   

20.
Water resources management of protected sites requires a powerful tool to analyze the process and changes that are occurring in the environment. This paper describes a 3D geomodel design of the Jarama River Detrital Aquifer located in Madrid (Spain). That hydrogeological unit is included in the “Parque Regional de los Cursos Bajos de los Ríos Manzanares y Jarama” (Regional Park of the Lower Courses of Manzanares and Jarama Rivers). The goal of this work is to define a method by which a three-dimensional (3D) model can be created with hydrogeologic geometry real of main aquifer, to accomplish an adequate management of the groundwater resources. All data used in this study were integrated in a geographic database: geological and hydrogeological information, geological map (1:25,000), eleven cross-sections, piezometric maps and a digital elevation model. The constructed 3D model of the Jarama Aquifer shows geometric features and spatial distribution and variations of geologic units. Thus, the 3D model allows the assessment of volumes of each unit, the depth and thickness variations of the main aquifer, and the spatial and temporal variations of water tables. From the 3D model, the most suitable areas (in terms of groundwater protection) for managed recharge and mining works have been identified.  相似文献   

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