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2013年吉林前郭MS5.8震群为爆发性震群,目前余震活动仍然在持续.基于吉林、辽宁、黑龙江、内蒙古四省地震台网记录的前郭震群波形资料,利用波形信噪比、震源类型、台站及速度模型组合的指标选择最佳的反演方案,应用矩张量的三种反演模式,对序列中5个MS≥5.0地震进行矩张量反演研究,获得了全矩张量、偏矩张量和纯双力偶的矩张量.使用F-test对地震的三种模式的矩张量反演结果进行显著性检验来确定最佳反演模式.结果显示,5个地震的最优矩张量解均为全矩张量模式反演获得的结果,其双力偶分量仅有20%~65%,矩心深度位于地下3~4 km处,地震在Hudson震源类型图上的投影远离双力偶震源类型区域.这些结果表明,震源类型并非典型的构造地震,推断前郭地震可能是与人类活动有关的诱发地震. 相似文献
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地震震源机制（用等效于岩体破裂的力描述震源几何形状及其强度）通常被模拟为矩张量（MT）,将震源描述为一个点。然而,有时这种近似是不够的,因为地震辐射会由于震源的有限范围而持有方向性。转换为矩张量就可能产生有偏差的机制。Adamov和íleny（2010）进行的综合研究说明即使是纯双力偶（DC）震源其机制中也出现假非双力偶分量。他们的方法设计了减少假震源分量,通过二阶矩方法来评估假分量在记录中的影响并将它们从数据中去除。在本文中,我们将这个方法应用到具有大非剪切分量的5个中等到大的区域地震事件。它们大多位于预计主要是纯剪切滑动的大构造断层。我们研究了著名的北安纳托利亚断层上的一个地震、太平洋地区的3个地震以及玻利维亚的一个地震。在多数情况下,非双力偶分量实质上减少了,机制的几何形状基本上保持不变。这证实了这样的假设,由于忽视了矩张量检索的常规程序中震源的有限性,区域矩张量解中的部分非双力偶分量可能是假的。此外,由二阶矩（震源椭球和破裂速度矢量）提供的震源的几何学和运动学特征多数与先前研究中的断层几何、余震分布及破裂速度估计一致。 相似文献
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根据震源的两个节面的走向角和倾角求滑动角 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
文中推导了双力偶点源模型震源机制解得出的震源参数和用地震矩张量反演得出的震源参数之间的转换关系。并给出了实例的计算结果 相似文献
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1929年大浅滩地震(M_s=7.2)是发生在加拿大的最大和最致命的地震之一。这次地震引起的海啸和海底滑坡造成大量的死亡和破坏。曾经认为(Hasegawa and Kanamori,1987),单力机制(滑坡)比双力偶机制更符合观测资料,因之曾认为这个事件不是地震。但是个别的研究只考虑了4个双力偶解并且留下了许多不能回答的问题,特别是与震源时间函数和沉积物体积有关的问题。本文用了大量的地震图来核查全范围的双力偶解,以便进一步确定这次事件的性质。通过波形正演和反演两种方法,表明这是一次有复杂震源机制的地震事件。第1个也是最大约子事件是沿北西走向断层面发生的走滑双力偶事件,后面两个子事件可能是沿北东走向断层面上的走滑双力偶机制,但也不能完全排除其他类型的机制。第1个子事件有约束较好、为20±2km的震源深度,另两个子事件深度似乎也为20km,但精度为±5km。这些震源深度结果也说明这次事件不是滑坡。子事件地震矩之和相当于一个M_w=7.2±0.3的地震,和长周期资料的矩心矩张量(CMT)方法得到的M_w=7.1±0.1的地震的矩很一致,也和直接从地震图上计算的M_s=7.2(±0.3),m_b=7.1(±0.2)的矩差不多。用双力偶机制模拟海底位移结果表明,海啸是滑坡产生的,不是地震直接引起的。 相似文献
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本文导出了具有厚度和滑动弱化区域的断层的非对称地震矩张量表示式,指出要求地震矩张量具有对称性不是一个绝对必要的限制.在非对称地震矩张量中,位错项对应于对称地震矩张量,拉力项对应于非对称地震矩张量.由于拉力项等效于单力偶,所以在非对称地震矩张量解的两个节面上,沿滑动矢量方向的力偶强度不再相同,与较大力偶相联系的节面为断层面,与较小力偶相联系的节面为辅助面.这一性质可用以从两个正交的节面中判断哪一个节面是断层面.如果忽略拉力项,会高估与位错对应的标量地震矩.只有满足相应的约束条件的非对称地震矩张量才能表示具有厚度和滑动弱化区域的断层模型,并从中分离出与位错和拉力对应的地震矩张量. 相似文献
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提出了一种校准地震台网以获取高准确度地震矩张量的方法。该方法基于对大型数据集的联合反演以获取矩张量和台站放大,包括传感器的放大率、数据采集系统的增益因子以及在格林函数模拟中忽略的局部场地效应。该方法能够检测传感器的反向极性、传感器的不正确取向,或由于各台站局部地质条件造成的异常场地效应。使用有不同噪声水平、台站布局和多种震源机制的合成数据对该方法的稳健性和准确度进行了测试。数值模拟证实反演程序代码运行良好并产出稳健结果。测试表明,由适当校准过的地震台网的数据计算出的矩张量显著地更加准确。最后,将该方法应用于捷克共和国西波希米亚的观测数据,以校准该地区运行的由22个地方地震台构成的台网,并准确计算了选出的200个微震的矩张量的双力偶（DC）和非双力偶（非DC）分量。结果表明,该方法是有效的,且能容易地应用于校准其他台网。例如,它能用于反演实验室数据,在这种情况下传感器和岩石样本之间的耦合效应难于定量化;或用于矿山和井下数据,在这种情况下往往不知道传感器的校准和取向。此外,该方法还能应用于涉及获取和解释高准确度矩张量及其双力偶和非双力偶分量的各项研究。 相似文献
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2000年姚安MS6.5地震3.0≤ML ＜5.0余震的地震矩张量反演 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
建立合于云南地区的速度结构模型,对云南数字地震台网记录的2000年姚安Ms6．5地震3．0≤ML〈5．0余震的垂直分量进行频率域内的地震矩张量反演。结果表明：矩张量分解得到纯膨胀（各向同性）分量P、纯剪切（双力偶）分量M0和补偿线性矢量偶极C三部分,其中纯剪切（双力偶）分量帆占主要部分,表明地震的震源破裂过程以剪切破裂为主。从余震震源机制解可知,NW-NWW方位的节面占主导,结合余震分布尺度可以判断发震断裂是北西向的断裂。 相似文献
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各向异性ATI介质地震矩张量理论研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
引言地震矩张量描述了地震点源的基本特征,其内容涉及到各类震源(包括剪切位错震源、张裂震源和体积震源)的力学机制、震源辐射、地应力场、震源运动学和强地面运动等地震学中的重要课题。一般认为,浅源构造地震是因断层面间的快速纯剪切错动而辐射地震波,造成在地表的振动,传统上该解释被称为双力偶机制。但实际地震观测和地震矩张量反演结果 相似文献
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本文利用长周期Ｐ波波形反演方法，推断了１９８６年１０月至１９９１年期间发生在中国台湾岛东部及其附近海域中８次中强地震的矩张量．矩张量解揭示了发生在这一区域边界处的地震震源性质的规律性变化：沿西部边界的主旋错动，沿北部边界的右旋错动，西北角花莲地区的逆冲断错及显著的体积收缩分量．这一结果表明，台湾地区是菲律宾海板块与欧洲大陆板块边界中的一特殊地段，海洋板块的俯冲在这里受阻．随着菲律宾海板块向西北方向的相对运动，在花莲地区发生了强烈碰撞． 相似文献
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Shear-tensile crack is a model for an earthquake mechanism that is more constrained than the moment tensor but that can still describe a non-shear focus. As such, the shear-tensile crack model is more robust than the moment tensor model and yields more reliable estimates for the earthquake mechanism. Such an advantage verifies the credibility of the non-double-couple component found for some events of the 1997 West Bohemia-Vogtland earthquake swarm. As expected, in several cases, a significantly resolved non-double-couple component was obtained where the moment tensor approach failed. Additionally, for non-shear sources, the shear-tensile crack model offers optimization of the Poisson number within the focus, concurrently with retrieval of the mechanism. However, results obtained for the joint inversion of the 1997 swarm indicate that resolution is low. A series of synthetic experiments indicated that limited observations during 1997 were not the cause. Rather, hypothetical experiments of both very good and extremely poor network configurations similarly yielded a low resolution for the Poisson number. Applying this method to data for recent swarms is irrelevant because the small non-double-couple components detected within the inversion are spurious and, thus, the events are pure double-couple phenomena. 相似文献
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Full moment tensor inversion constrained by double-couple focal mechanism for induced seismicity* 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this study, we propose a new method to determine full moment tensor solution for induced seismicity. This method generalizes the full waveform matching algorithm we have developed to determine the double-couple (DC) focal mechanism based on the neighbourhood algorithm. One major difference between the new method and the former one is that we adopt a new misfit function to constrain the candidate moment tensor solutions with respect to a reference DC solution in addition to other misfit terms characterizing the waveform matching. Through synthetic tests using a real passive seismic survey geometry, the results show the new constraint can help better recover the DC components of inverted moment tensors. We further investigate how errors in the velocity model and source location affect the moment tensor solution. The synthetic test results indicate that the constrained inversion is robust in recovering both the DC and non-DC components. We also test the proposed method on several real induced events in an oil/gas field in Oman using the same observation system as synthetic tests. While it is found that the full moment tensor solutions without using the DC constraints have much larger non-DC components than solutions with the DC constraints, both solutions are able to fit the observed waveforms at similar levels. The synthetic and real test results suggest the proposed DC constrained inversion method can reliably retrieve full moment tensor solutions for the induced seismicity. 相似文献
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Surface arrays became an important tool for monitoring the induced seismicity in hydraulic fracturing experiments and for assessing the impact of fluid injection on the fracturing process of microearthquakes. The layout of sensors plays a key role in this task because it controls the accuracy of event locations and retrieved seismic moment tensors. We simulate various configurations of grid sensor arrays characterized by a different number of sensors, array span, sensor spacing, depth of sources and various shear/tensile source mechanisms of events. The moment tensor inversion is carried out using synthetically calculated P-wave amplitudes with added random noise. A bias in the solutions is evaluated by errors in the double-couple percentage of inverted moment tensors because the double-couple errors inform us about the sensitivity of the network to detect the shear/tensile fracturing mode of induced microearthquakes. The results show that the accuracy of the double-couple percentage is mostly controlled by the offset-to-depth ratio R defined as the ratio of half of the network size to the event depth. The optimum value of R is in the range of 0.75–1.5 irrespective of the type of the focal mechanism. If 121 (11 × 11) sensors are distributed in a regular grid and recorded data are characterized by a 10% random noise, the double-couple error is less than 6%. This error increases, if R is not optimum or if the number of sensors is reduced. However, even sparse arrays with 49 (7 × 7) or 16 (4 × 4) sensors can yield a reasonable accuracy, provided the surface grid arrays are designed to have an optimum size. 相似文献
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B. G. Bukchin A. Z. Mostinsky A. A. Egorkin A. L. Levshin M. H. Ritzwoller 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2001,158(8):1497-1515
—?We test the hypothesis that the existence of an observable non-zero isotropic component of seismic moment can be used as a discriminant to distinguish nuclear explosions from shallow earthquakes. We do this by applying the method described herein to a small set of data recorded between 1990 and 1996 following events (seven nuclear explosions, three earthquakes) that occurred on the Lop Nor test site in Western China. We represent each source as a sum of an isotropic component at the surface and a nonisotropic, double-couple component at an estimated depth. The explosions all possess a significant non-zero isotropic component and the estimated depth of the double-couple component of the moment tensor, presumably the result of tectonic release, lies between about 0 and 3?km. For the earthquakes studied, the isotropic component is indistinguishable from zero and the depths of the sources are estimated at 3, 17 and 31?km. The data set we have studied, although still very small, suggests that certain source characteristics (namely, double-couple depth and the ratio of the isotropic to nonisotropic components of seismic moment) may prove useful in discriminating explosions from shallow earthquakes. Further work is needed to determine whether these observations hold for explosions at other test sites, to investigate a much larger set of shallow earthquakes located in regions of interest, and to study the robustness of the estimated source parameters as source magnitude and the number of observing stations decrease. 相似文献
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Comparison of Absolute and Relative Moment Tensor Solutions For The January 1997 West Bohemia Earthquake Swarm 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Moment tensor solutions for 70 clustered events of the 1997 West Bohemia microearthquake swarm, as calculated by two different methods, are given. The first method is a single-event, absolute moment tensor inversion which inverts body-wave peak amplitudes using synthetic Green functions. The second method is a multiple-event, relative method for which Green functions are reduced to 2 geometrical angles of rays at the sources. Both methods yield similar moment tensors, which can be divided into at least two or three different classes of focal solutions, indicating that, during the swarm activity, different planes of weakness were active. The major source component of most events is a double couple. However, the deviations from the double-couple mechanisms seem to be systematic for some classes of solutions. Error analysis was based on transforming the estimate of the standard deviation of amplitudes extracting from the seismograms into confidence regions of the absolute moment tensor. They show that the non-DC components are significant at a fairly high confidence level. 相似文献
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The moment tensor solutions of 51 small to moderate earthquakes occurred in the Capital Region in the year of 2004 are obtained by inverting the broadband waveform data. Accordingly, other source parameters, such as scalar seismic moments, moment magnitudes, double-couple （DC） components and compensated-linear-vector-dipole （CLVD） components, are determined as well as fault parameters and stress-axis parameters. The inverted results are evaluated by groups of numerical tests. 相似文献
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S. N. Bhattacharya 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(5):909-928
We consider nine earthquakes in the Koyna-Warna reservoir region on the western side of the Peninsular India. The deviatoric
moment tensors of these earthquakes have been evaluated by minimizing the least-squares misfit between observed and synthetic
seismograms. We use broadband seismograms of observatories at KARD and PUNE which are at distances of nearly 50 and 150 km,
respectively, from the epicenters. Both surface wave inversion and the difference between the arrival times of SH and SV show
the presence of an anisotropic crust. However, we have obtained an equivalent isotropic structure by improving the published
crustal structures of this area through inversion of surface wave group velocity data. The deviatoric moment tensors of the
earthquakes are decomposed into two components: double-couple and compensated linear vector dipoles (CLVD). The double-couple
components of all the nine earthquakes show normal faulting with minor strike slip; the T axis is consistently subhorizontal
with an average azimuth of 260.6° and the P axis is nearly vertical. The fault planes of six events give average strike direction
and dip, respectively as 194.0° and 51.8° and are associated with the main fault of the area. The other three events lie in
the southern part of this area and have strike direction between SSE and SE which is parallel to the tectonic features in
this part. The CLVD component is generally within 20 percent of the total moment tensor. Recent studies show that anisotropy
can produce source mechanism with CLVD up to 30 percent and can also cause high pore fluid pressure leading to fault instability
more rapidly compared to conventional mechanism in an isotropic medium. It appears that the anisotropic crust, noted in the
present work, is generating the CLVD component and also gives the proper environment to trigger earthquakes by reservoirs
through pore fluid pressure. 相似文献