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1.
The dynamic analysis of complex non-linear structural systems by the finite element approach requires the use of time-step algorithms for solving the equations of motion in the time domain. Both an implicit and an explicit version of such a time-step algorithm, called the ρ-method, the parameter ρ being used for controlling numerical damping in the higher modes, are presented in this paper. For the implicit family of algorithms unconditional stability, consistency, convergence, accuracy and overshoot properties are first discussed and proved. On the basis of the algorithmic damping ratio (dissipation) and period elongation (dispersion) the ρ-method is then compared with the well-known implicit algorithms of Hilber, Newmark, Wilson, Park and Houbolt. An explicit version of the algorithm is also derived and briefly discussed. This shows numerical properties similar to the central difference method. Both versions of the algorithm have been implemented in a general purpose computer program which has been often used for both numerical tests and practical applications. 相似文献
2.
The error-propagation characteristics of an implicit time integration algorithm in pseudodynamic testing are examined. It is shown that the implicit algorithm is superior to explicit integration algorithms in terms of experimental error amplification. The influence of systematic experimental errors is studied and methods for controlling these errors are examined. In spite of the fact that the implicit algorithm is unconditionally stable, it is shown that the integration time interval in a pseudodynamic test is limited by the calibration range of the electronic hardware as well as the degree of participation of the higher modes. Furthermore, the tolerance for experimental errors decreases as the integration time interval increases. 相似文献
3.
Real‐time hybrid testing combines experimental testing and numerical simulation, and provides a viable alternative for the dynamic testing of structural systems. An integration algorithm is used in real‐time hybrid testing to compute the structural response based on feedback restoring forces from experimental and analytical substructures. Explicit integration algorithms are usually preferred over implicit algorithms as they do not require iteration and are therefore computationally efficient. The time step size for explicit integration algorithms, which are typically conditionally stable, can be extremely small in order to avoid numerical stability when the number of degree‐of‐freedom of the structure becomes large. This paper presents the implementation and application of a newly developed unconditionally stable explicit integration algorithm for real‐time hybrid testing. The development of the integration algorithm is briefly reviewed. An extrapolation procedure is introduced in the implementation of the algorithm for real‐time testing to ensure the continuous movement of the servo‐hydraulic actuator. The stability of the implemented integration algorithm is investigated using control theory. Real‐time hybrid test results of single‐degree‐of‐freedom and multi‐degree‐of‐freedom structures with a passive elastomeric damper subjected to earthquake ground motion are presented. The explicit integration algorithm is shown to enable the exceptional real‐time hybrid test results to be achieved. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Abstract Two ways of connecting numerical hydrological models that have significantly differently sized calculation time steps are compared. A model for rainfall–runoff and surface water flow (SOBEK) is connected to a model for groundwater flow (TRIWACO). Data exchange between the two models takes place at the end of each larger time step. In the “explicit” connection, both models calculate every time step only once, after which the algorithm moves to the next time step. In the “implicit” connection, the same time step is recalculated with the exchanged data until the resulting exchanged values converge. Due to the iteration, implicit connections require more calculation time, which can only be justified if it leads to significant improvements of model predictions. By simulating the hydrological situation of the Huewelerbach basin in Luxembourg, this work shows that implicit and explicit connections can indeed lead to significantly different calculation results. Citation Vergroesen, A. J. J., van de Giesen N. C. & van de Ven, F. H. M. (2010) Comparison of implicit and explicit connection of fast- and slow-flowing components of a water system. Hydrol Sci. J. 55(3), 287–302. 相似文献
5.
This paper studies the stability of the central difference method (CDM) for real‐time substructure test considering specimen mass. Because the standard CDM is implicit in terms of acceleration, to avoid iteration, an explicit acceleration formulation is assumed for its implementation in real‐time dynamic substructure testing. The analytical work shows that the stability of the algorithm decreases with increasing specimen mass if the experimental substructure is a pure inertia specimen. The algorithm becomes unstable however small the time integration interval is, when the mass of specimen equal or greater than that of its numerical counterpart. For the case of dynamic specimen, the algorithm is unstable when there is no damping in the whole test structure; a damping will make the algorithm stable conditionally. Part of the analytical results is validated through an actual test. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Newm ark-更新精细积分法是动力方程求解的隐式的时域逐步积分法,其稳定性条件非常容易满足。与隐式方法相比较,显式积分方法不需要求解耦联的方程组,可以有效地减少内存占用和机时耗费。因此,根据显式积分方法的特点和优点,基于Newm ark-更新精细积分法的基本思想,提出其显式积分格式。对显式积分方法的精度与稳定性进行了初步的分析,指出该显式积分方法具有极好的稳定性,其精度比隐式积分方法的精度稍低。随着时间步长的增加,其精度优于传统的方法。 相似文献
7.
It has been proven that the implicit method used to solve the vibration equation can be transformed into an explicit method,which is called the concomitant explicit method.The constant acceleration met... 相似文献
8.
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9.
基于Abaqus软件的并行计算集群平台构建与优化方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据有限元显式算法和隐式算法的特点,研究了岩土工程动力分析并行计算集群系统的硬件要求、集群系统的构建方法,构建了基于EM64T硬件构架、双路Intel Xeon处理器、Linux操作系统和64位Abaqus软件的32CPU并行计算集群平台,测试了存储子系统对集群性能的影响,比较了两种千兆以太网络作为、集群子网络的性能优化方法。以地下结构的地震反应分析为例,测试了优化前后该集群系统的计算速度,发现两种以太网络性能优化方法都可以有效提高集群计算速度。列举了该集群系统在深水桥梁基础流固耦合动力分析、地下结构地震反应分析和快速轨道交通环境振动分析中的应用,显示了该集群在显式算法、隐式算法及小规模、大规模数值计算问题中的并行计算效率,证明所构建的Abaqus数值模拟并行计算集群平台能够满足计算规模、计算精度和时效性的要求。 相似文献
10.
采用二维显式有限差分法与三维隐式有限单元法,分别计算了模型剖面上断层逆冲运动和三维断层逆冲运动伴随的断层邻域应力场。结果表明：（１）逆冲断层上盘下端部发育张应力场,下盘下端部发育压应力场;（２）对复杂的三维构造,在一定限定条件下,可以转化成二维问题进行计算;（３）显式差分法与隐式有限单元,都能较好地用接触模型模拟活动断层的应力场特征 相似文献
11.
The use of unconditionally stable implicit time integration techniques for pseudodynamic tests has been recently proposed and advanced by several researchers. Inspired by such developments, a pseudodynamic test scheme based on an unconditionally stable implicit time integration algorithm and dual displacement control is presented in this paper. The accuracy of the proposed scheme is proved with error-propagation analysis. It is shown by numerical examples and verification tests that the error-correction method incorporated can eliminate the spurious higher-mode response, which can often be excited by experimental errors. The practicality of the proposed scheme lies in the fact that the implementation is as easy as that of explicit schemes and that the convergence criteria required are compatible with the accuracy limits of ordinary test apparatus. 相似文献
12.
Video-based hydrometry continues to develop for contactless discharge measurements, automated flood gauging stations and the use of crowd-sourced flood videos for discharge reconstruction. Irrespective of the velocimetry algorithm used (LSPIV, STIV, PTV…), orthorectification of the images is necessary beforehand, so that each pixel has the same known physical size. Most times, the orthorectification transformation is a plane-to-plane projection from the water surface to the camera sensor. Two approaches are typically used to compute the coefficients of this transformation: their calibration from ground reference points (GRPs) with known image and real-world coordinates (“implicit calibration”) or their calculation from the values of the intrinsic (focal length, sensor size) and extrinsic (position, angles) parameters of the camera (“explicit calibration”). In this paper, we develop a Bayesian method which makes it possible to combine the implicit and explicit approaches in a probabilistic framework. The Bayesian approach can be used from situations suitable for the implicit approach (plenty of GRPs) to situations propitious to the explicit approach (well-known camera parameters). The method is illustrated using synthetic views of a typical streamgauging scene with known true values of the parameters and GRP coordinates. We show that combining observational and prior information is generally beneficial to get precise estimates. Further tests carried out with a real scene of the Arc River at Randens, France, in flood conditions illustrate the impact of the number, uncertainty and spatial distribution of GRPs on the final uncertainty of flow velocity and discharge. 相似文献
13.
J. Wolf 《Continental Shelf Research》1982,2(4):215-229
As the capacity of computers increases, the size and resolution of numerical models can be increased. In tidal models, however, using an explicit scheme together with high spatial resolution results in an unreasonably small time-step demanded by the CFL condition for stability. This condition is usually the most restrictive and applies to the propagation of the gravity wave.A fully nonlinear three-dimensional model has been developed, using the Galerkin method in the vertical dimension, in which the gravity wave terms are treated by an alternating-direction implicit scheme, while the friction, viscous and advective terms are treated explicitly. This permits a stable solution with a longer time-step than that required in an equivalent explicit scheme, while not needing as much computational effort as a fully implicit scheme. This semi-implicit model is compared with an explicit model in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and stability. Tidal and wind-driven flows and free oscillations in a rectangular sea model are examined, using various boundary conditions. The semi-implicit scheme takes approximately 1.1 times as long to run (per time-step) on the CRAY-1 computer as the explicit scheme. 相似文献
14.
在实际工程结构动力反应分析中,往往由于结构型式十分复杂,常用的两种直接积分方法,即显式积分方法和隐式积分方法,在使用中都存在着一定的局限性,如何将这两种积分方法合理有效地结合起来,是一个十分有意义的研究课题。针对实际工程问题中整体结构计算时间步长的选择往往受局部区域的材料特性、尺寸大小等因素影响的这一现象,提出了一种对结构局部区域进行隐式积分、对其余区域进行显式积分的显隐式积分方法,这种积分格式相对于显式积分格式而言,能显著提高整体结构的计算速度。最后采用两个数值计算实例对这一方法进行验证。 相似文献
15.
This paper examines critically the use of the alternating direction implicit method for solving groundwater flow problems. Comparisons with alternative solutions show that inaccuracies can arise if the time increments are too large. A method is suggested whereby the computer chooses an optimum time increment. The representation of recharge, infiltration and wells is considered and a detailed example compares the alternating direction implicit, the explicit and the resistance-capacitance network methods. 相似文献
16.
An implicit solution procedure for the wave equation form of the shallow water equations is presented. Efficiency is achieved through a Taylor expansion procedure applied to a time-varying matrix. This procedure allows matrix decompositions to be replaced by back substitutions. Isoparametric quadratic Lagrangian finite elements are employed for the spatial discretization. The Taylor expansion method is compared to different implicit and explicit solution procedures in an application to the southern part of the North Sea. 相似文献
17.
Development of a family of unconditionally stable explicit direct integration algorithms with controllable numerical energy dissipation 
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下载免费PDF全文 James M. Ricles 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(9):1361-1380
The implicit dissipative generalized‐ α method is analyzed using discrete control theory. Based on this analysis, a one‐parameter family of explicit direct integration algorithms with controllable numerical energy dissipation, referred to as the explicit KR‐α method, is developed for linear and nonlinear structural dynamic numerical analysis applications. Stability, numerical dispersion, and energy dissipation characteristics of the proposed algorithms are studied. It is shown that the algorithms are unconditionally stable for linear elastic and stiffness softening‐type nonlinear systems, where the latter indicates a reduction in post yield stiffness in the force–deformation response. The amount of numerical damping is controlled by a single parameter, which provides a measure of the numerical energy dissipation at higher frequencies. Thus, for a specific value of this parameter, the resulting algorithm is shown to produce no numerical energy dissipation. Furthermore, it is shown that the influence of the numerical damping on the lower mode response is negligible. It is further shown that the numerical dispersion and energy dissipation characteristics of the proposed explicit algorithms are the same as that of the implicit generalized‐ α method. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the potential of the proposed algorithms in reducing participation of undesired higher modes by using numerical energy dissipation to damp out these modes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
This paper presents novel predictor–corrector time‐integration algorithms based on the Generalized‐α method to perform pseudo‐dynamic tests with substructuring. The implicit Generalized‐α algorithm was implemented in a predictor–one corrector form giving rise to the implicit IPC–ρ∞ method, able to avoid expensive iterative corrections in view of high‐speed applications. Moreover, the scheme embodies a secant stiffness formula that can closely approximate the actual stiffness of a structure. Also an explicit algorithm endowed with user‐controlled dissipation properties, the EPC–ρb method, was implemented. The resulting schemes were tested experimentally both on a two‐ and on a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom system, using substructuring. The tests indicated that the numerical strategies enhance the fidelity of the pseudo‐dynamic test results even in an environment characterized by considerable experimental errors. Moreover, the schemes were tested numerically on severe non‐linear substructured multiple‐degrees‐of‐freedom systems reproduced with the Bouc–Wen model, showing the reliability of the seismic tests under these conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
在数值模拟中,隐式有限差分具有较高的精度和稳定性.然而,传统隐式有限差分算法大多由于需要求解大型矩阵方程而存在计算效率偏低的局限性.本文针对一阶速度-应力弹性波方程,构建了一种优化隐式交错网格有限差分格式,然后将改进格式由时间-空间域转换为时间-波数域,利用二范数原理建立目标函数,再利用模拟退火法求取优化系数.通过对均匀模型以及复杂介质模型进行一阶速度-应力弹性波方程数值模拟所得单炮记录、波场快照分析表明:这种优化隐式交错网格差分算法与传统的几种显式和隐式交错网格有限差分算法相比不但降低了计算量,而且能有效的压制网格频散,使弹性波数值模拟的精度得到有效的提高. 相似文献
20.
Explicit integration procedures have been widely adapted and applied to hybrid simulations of the seismic response of structures due to their simplicity. However, these procedures are only conditionally stable and have limited recent applications of hybrid simulations to simple structural models with few degrees of freedom. A novel integration procedure is proposed herein, in which a fully implicit formulation is applied to solve the equation of motion for the hybrid model, but defaults to an explicit or noniterative formulation in steps that fail to converge. The advantages to this approach are the ensured continuity of the simulation and the reduced accumulation of errors that occur during consecutive explicit steps that may lead to instability. The implicit procedure is applied by loading the experimental substructures beyond the expected displacement for the current step, then using the displacements and forces measured through the load path in the iterative implicit scheme. This approach captures the instantaneous behaviour of experimental substructures without physically imposing iterations. Numerical and experimental simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed integration scheme for multi‐degree‐of‐freedom models, especially in utilization of longer time steps that exceed stability limits of explicit methods, prevention of excitation of higher modes, and testing of stiff systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献