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1.
Gary S. Elbow 《The Professional geographer》1983,35(1):57-65
The Griffin and Ford model of Latin American internal city structure is used to examine the role of private sector institutions and public agencies as contributors to change in secondary level urban places in Guatemala. The private sector affects change primarily through locational choices in the siting of industry and housing. Public agencies influence change through control of municipal finances and decision making, especially in the construction of public works projects. The findings tend to support the Griffin and Ford model. 相似文献
2.
Susan M. Cunningham 《The Professional geographer》1981,33(1):48-62
The long-established role of foreign interests in Latin America, and specifically Brazil, has been perpetuated since 1945 by multinational corporations. This article analyzes five industries where foreign direct investment has been especially important. These industries tend toward spatial concentration, particulary in metropolitan locations and at growth poles offering special attractions. A comparative study of private Brazilian enterprises suggests that these may offer greater opportunities for regional development than do the MNC's but that such concerns are dependent to some extent upon both MNC's and governmental assistance for their growth. 相似文献
3.
STEPHANIE A. BOHON 《Geographical review》2005,95(2):249-266
ABSTRACT. Acquiring good jobs is vital for the economic success of immigrants, yet occupational attainment is understudied in the immigration literature. One particularly neglected aspect is the role of ethnicity in occupations beyond the ethnic niche. This study examines the occupational attainment of long‐term Latin American immigrants from Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, Cuba, Ecuador, and Colombia in four metropolitan areas with large Latino populations. The findings show that occupational attainment varies considerably by country of origin across these areas, although important human and social capital factors also are significant variables. These findings lend support to the proposition that, for immigrants, place of origin and destination play an important role in job‐queue position. 相似文献
4.
KENT MATHEWSON 《Geographical review》2006,96(3):416-438
ABSTRACT. Alexander von Humboldt is universally identified as a key figure in laying the foundations for modern geography. His main sites of research and scholarly production were centered on Europe, Latin America, and Russia. He drew on global sources of geographical data and knowledge in constructing and producing his voluminous works. Although he only briefly knew North America firsthand—at the outset of his career, in the late spring of 1804—he maintained a lifelong interest in the realm, especially in the United States. In turn, many North American scholars were admirers and followers of his perspectives, practices, and publications. Although geography did not emerge as an institutionally based discipline in the United States until the late nineteenth century, Humboldt's influence and impact on its antecedents were considerable. Contrary to conventional wisdom, his authority and influence in geography persisted well beyond Humboldt's death in 1859. His vision of demonstrating nature's unity in diversity and his enlightened views on social issues have continued to appeal to select sectors and actors in North American geography, especially Latin Americanists, historians of the discipline, and, more recently, proponents of an engaged, critical geography. 相似文献
5.
ROBERT A. RICE 《Geographical review》1999,89(4):554-579
ABSTRACT. This article examines recent transformations of the coffee landscape of northern Latin America through the optic of “place as process.” As coffee became the most important regional export crop, its “place” evolved. Coffee lands in northern Latin America now embrace 3.1 million hectares, often contiguous across international borders. Like many agricultural systems, coffee has succumbed to intensification, a process termed “technification” in the Latin American setting. The result is a landscape mosaic in which a traditional agro-forest coffee system coexists with coffee lands transformed by modernization. The institutional forces behind this process, as well as some of its social and ecological consequences, are discussed. 相似文献
6.
以拉丁美洲33个主权国家为研究对象,从国际、区域、国内3个尺度出发,构建了基于“一带一路”的拉丁美洲地缘风险评价指标体系对其地缘风险予以评价,利用地理探测器对拉丁美洲三大地理区域的地缘风险空间分异格局驱动因子群予以精准识别。结果表明：1）基于“一带一路”的拉丁美洲地缘风险空间异质性显著,地缘风险指数、国际地缘风险、区域地缘风险以及国内地缘风险下的政治风险和生态环境风险均表现为南美洲地区最高,墨西哥及中美洲地区次之,加勒比地区最低的空间格局;国内地缘风险表现为墨西哥及中美洲地区最高,南美洲地区次之,加勒比地区最低;经济风险表现为南美洲地区最高,加勒比地区次之,墨西哥及中美洲地区最低;社会风险表现为加勒比地区最高,南美洲地区次之,墨西哥及中美洲地区最低;双边关系风险表现为墨西哥及中美洲地区最高,加勒比地区次之,南美洲地区最低。2）各因子群对三大地理区域地缘风险空间分异格局的作用力各不相同。对南美洲地区作用力显著的因子群主要有政治风险、国际地缘风险和社会风险等;对墨西哥及中美洲地区作用力显著的因子群主要有经济风险、双边关系风险、国际地缘风险、政治风险等;对加勒比地区作用力较大的因子群主要有社会风险、国际地缘风险、政治风险、双边关系风险等。 相似文献
7.
Thomas P. Narins 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(2):219-229
Using trade data submitted by United Nations member states from 1995 to 2013, this article contributes to understanding China's trade with Latin America. By employing and building on the TECH score methodology, this project highlights China's growing economic connectivity with nine large and important Latin American economies. The analysis conducted here shows that compared with exports originating from other, more traditional foreign investors (i.e., the United States and the European Union member states), Chinese exports to these Latin American countries—although growing in sophistication over time—are relatively less technologically sophisticated during the study period. This work clarifies that in spite of these Latin American economies being highly complementary (for their natural resources and consumer markets) to China's manufacturing-intensive economy and despite the rapid growth in bilateral and biregional trade, China's displacement of traditional foreign actors, in terms of its technology-intensive exports to the region, is not supported by the data to date. 相似文献
8.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):304-309
The question of what lies ahead is of particular concern for Latin Americanists. The last decade has witnessed a serious erosion of both the popularity of their specialty, and an equally troublesome reduction in employment opportunities. This paper uses Association of American Geographers (AAG) data bases to document the age-gender structure of contemporary Latin Americanist geographers, and projects likely compositional changes through the end of the century. 相似文献
9.
"拉美现象"的特点、成因及其对我国的启示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
纵观当代发展中国家的发展历程,拉丁美洲是较早摆脱殖民统治并着力发展民族经济的区域。近20多年来,拉美各国经济虽有一定增长,人均GDP也并不低,但贫富差距过于悬殊,失业率居高不下,经济危机迭起,社会动荡不安,形成独特的“拉美现象”。本文分析了“拉美现象”的特点及其形成的原因,并探讨了“拉美现象”对我国经济社会发展的启示。 相似文献
10.
James J. Biles 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):541-555
The widespread adoption of neoliberal reforms during the past quarter century has had profound implications for the livelihoods of those who live and work in cities throughout Latin America. This case study of Mérida, Mexico, builds directly on recent research about the changing nature of work and the role of informality as a livelihood strategy in Latin America and attempts to explain how place-specific patterns of informal work emerge from neoliberal reforms and concomitant urban economic restructuring. Drawing on field research and a large household survey, this article reveals that general patterns of informality coincide with previous findings from Latin America: high levels of informal work; increased heterogeneity of informality; and significant mobility, with a large share of workers “opting out” of the formal sector voluntarily. However, compared with previous research in Mexico, this study shows that informal work is significantly more pervasive, particularly among women; less likely to be voluntary; and pays considerably less. In light of gender considerations and significant discrepancies between local patterns of informality and national trends, this case study casts doubt on recent World Bank encyclicals affirming the resemblance between self-employment in Mexico and microentrepreneurship in more developed countries. Moreover, the article concludes that World Bank literature conveniently overlooks the gendered nature of informal work in Latin America and the profound divergence between the express purposes of neoliberalism and its actual implications. As a result, World Bank research on informality serves to justify the neoliberal model, rather than improve the livelihoods of those who live and work in cities throughout Latin America. 相似文献
11.
Kate Swanson 《Urban geography》2013,34(7):972-988
In Latin America, high levels of crime have prompted many politicians to embrace zero tolerance policing in order to quell public fears. While the overall impacts on urban crime are debatable, zero tolerance in the region has morphed into a powerful policy narrative that symbolizes strong leaders who crack down crime and disorder. Its impacts have been far-reaching; to date, it has been implemented in various guises in Mexico, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala and the Dominican Republic. Yet, the policy transfer of zero tolerance to Latin America has mutated into a much more punitive approach. In this paper, I develop a critical analysis of the punitive inequalities of zero tolerance policing in Latin American cities, and the consequences for marginalized and racialized youth. I also explore the emergence of a new, unexpected consequence of zero tolerance: the South-North migration of undocumented people. 相似文献
12.
Eco-dependency in Latin America 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jonathan R. Barton 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2006,27(2):134-149
This article develops an argument around the perpetuation of socioeconomic development models based on non-renewable natural resource exploitation, weak management and regulation of renewables and the deterioration in environmental quality across different natural resources. It concludes that the structural constraints pointed out during the 1940–80 period by the dependentistas (advocates of the various theorizations of dependency) and to a lesser extent the cepalista structuralists (policy analysts at the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) were alive and well in Latin America in the period 1980–2000. A theoretical case is made for the political economy reading of dependency into the realm of natural resources and environmental issues. It is argued that Latin American history and the region's more contemporary insertion into the global political economy has been determined by its use of natural resources and ongoing degradation of diverse environments. The conclusions emphasize the importance of responding to this historical condition, recognizing the concerns of the structuralists of the 1940s and 1950s and the threats highlighted by the dependentistas in the 1970s, but through the lens of contemporary changes. 相似文献
13.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(1):36-42
Abstract Latin America is the world's fastest growing region in population, and the consequent problems confronting Latin America are already evident in other underdeveloped regions and will become even more aggravated as demographic growth rates rise. Mortality can decline still further in some countries of Latin America and those countries will be especially hard-pressed in the near future. Implementation of fertility control will apparently be a slow process, so that the prospects are for continued very rapid growth for at least one or two decades. Population pressure on food supplies, resources, employment opportunities, and social services will continue to be formidable and further aggravate the fragile socio-economic structure and promote additional political instability. Much greater attention to population policy and program implementation is necessary to cope with population growth and the attendant problems in order to promote stability and improve living conditions in the region. 相似文献
14.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF TROPICAL LATIN AMERICA: THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL HETEROGENEITY OF ENVIRONMENTS
Karl S. Zimmerer Ph.D. Robert P. Langstroth M.S. 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1994,14(2):157-172
For the past 40 years, studies of physical geography in tropical Latin America have concentrated on the spatial and temporal diversity of biophysical environments and biota. Environmental heterogeneity arises from historical and present-day interaction between climatic, geomorphologic, edaphic, and biogeographic systems. Recent research emphasizes three major themes involving these systems: Quaternary climate change; human-altered biophysical environments; and geomorphologic activity. Findings on these themes are evaluated with respect to the tropical highlands, the tropical lowlands and related extra-tropical areas. Research on physical geography in Latin America promises numerous contributions toward a better understanding of environmental conservation. 相似文献
15.
Roy H. Ryder 《The Professional geographer》2004,56(4):488-502
It is generally assumed that older mansions in the elite residential sector of Latin American cities filter down to the middle classes once their residents migrate to modern suburban homes. Five land use maps compiled between 1975 and 1999 show that the elite residential sector of Quito (Mariscal Sucre) experienced a much more complex fate. Diffusion of nonresidential land uses from the city center and its associated spine transformed the residential neighborhood into a vibrant upper‐scale business district. Sophisticated businesses subsequently moved on to modern suburban facilities, but Mariscal Sucre became a major hub for business, nocturnal entertainment, and tourism. Diversification of land use in Mariscal Sucre confirms the Crowley hypothesis of complexity in Latin American urban land use patterns ( Crowley 1995 ). 相似文献
16.
《Urban geography》2013,34(3):227-242
Political terrorism is endemic in many large cities of Latin America and the Caribbean. From 1976 to the present, and particularly in 1979–1982, armed conflict between and within the two major political parties in Jamaica has profoundly affected residential location patterns of the urban poor. The Kingston Urban Region (population 719,000) has experienced dramatic movements in residential location. Between 1970 and 1985, out of a total exodus of 63,000 people from deteriorating war zones in the inner-city ghettos, at least 35,000 can be attributed directly to political terrorism. Such terrorism has also led to loss of housing and places of employment, overcrowding of other ghettos that have been spared or less seriously damaged, and a massive movement to locations up to 50 kilometers distant from the city center, in many cases to shanty and squatter settlements. The conflict has followed the exodus to the shanty towns, which are decreasingly secure and increasingly politicized. Transportation costs for some shanty town dwellers have reached as high as 44% of takehome pay. It is illogical that large areas of empty, blighted wasteland should exist within a kilometer of downtown while tens of thousands spend an ever increasing portion of their low incomes on commuting. 相似文献
17.
Juanita Sundberg 《The Professional geographer》2003,55(2):180-190
Given the importance of fieldwork in Latin Americanist geography, it is intriguing to note the absence of a dialogue about the politics of fieldwork within the subdiscipline. Drawing from feminist theories about the production of knowledge, this article suggests that the silence about fieldwork is rooted in masculinist epistemologies that predominate in Latin Americanist geography. After analyzing the epistemological and pedagogical implications of masculinism, I argue for increased attention to the nexus of power and knowledge and in particular, to how the researcher's geographic location, social status, race, and gender fundamentally shape the questions asked, the data collected, and the interpretation of the data. Dialogue about these issues in our teaching and writing not only will better prepare students for fieldwork, but also has the potential to foster research that subverts rather than reproduces power inequalities. 相似文献
18.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):274-276
Abstract The conception of the Latin American native sitting indolently on his doorstep, contemplating with weary eyes a magnificent landscape of luxurious tropical vegetation which he lacks the spirit and energy to dominate, is essentially a picture of hunger (de Castro 1952, p. 77). 相似文献
19.
KENDRA McSWEENEY 《Geographical review》2002,92(3):398-414
ABSTRACT. Latin America's lowland indigenous groups have been characterized in contradictory ways. Are populations shrinking or growing? Do groups face cultural extinction, or are they increasingly asserting their ethnic identities? This article uses a case study of the Tawahka Amerindians of Honduras to show how basic demographic techniques can shed light on these issues. A multimethod approach resolves conflicting reports of population growth and ethnic admixture within the 1,000‐strong population. Household surveys indicate a contemporary growth rate in excess of 4 percent; a review of historical sources suggests that this rapid growth has been building for more than fifty years. Although genealogical evidence shows high levels of interethnic mixing since 1900, the Tawahka retain their language and identity. The potentially negative effects of rapid population growth on local resources are likely to be mitigated as the Tawahka translate their renewed ethnic identity into political gains, which in turn have increased educational and economic opportunities. Closer attention to microdemographic processes is recommended for those involved in the long‐term management of Latin America's indigenous homelands. 相似文献
20.
Laura Dassow Walls 《Geographical review》2006,96(3):473-477
HUMBOLDT'S COSMOS: Alexander von Humboldt and the Latin American Journey That Changed the Way We See the World. By Gerard Helferich. THE HUMBOLDT CURRENT: Nineteenth‐Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism. By Aaron Sachs. 相似文献