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Reference data enhancement for geographic information retrieval using linked data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Tiago H. V. M. Moura Clodoveu A. Davis Jr. Frederico T. Fonseca 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(4):683-700
Gazetteers are instrumental in recognizing place names in documents such as Web pages, news, and social media messages. However, creating and maintaining gazetteers is still a complex task. Even though some online gazetteers provide rich sets of geographic names in planetary scale (e.g. GeoNames), other sources must be used to recognize references to urban locations, such as street names, neighborhood names or landmarks. We propose integrating Linked Data sources to create a gazetteer that combines a broad coverage of places with urban detail, including content on geographic and semantic relationships involving places, their multiple names and related non‐geographic entities. Our final goal is to expand the possibilities for recognizing, disambiguating and filtering references to places in texts for geographic information retrieval (GIR) and related applications. The resulting ontological gazetteer, named LoG (Linked OntoGazetteer), is accessible through Web services by applications and research initiatives on GIR, text processing, named entity recognition and others. The gazetteer currently contains over 13 million places, 140 million attributes and relationships, and 4.5 million non‐geographic entities. Data sources include GeoNames, Freebase, DBPedia and LinkedGeoData, which is based on OpenStreetMap data. An analysis on how these datasets overlap and complement one another is also presented. 相似文献
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Using Ontologies for Integrated Geographic Information Systems 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Frederico T. Fonseca Max J. Egenhofer Peggy Agouris & Gilberto Câmara 《Transactions in GIS》2002,6(3):231-257
Today, there is a huge amount of data gathered about the Earth, not only from new spatial information systems, but also from new and more sophisticated data collection technologies. This scenario leads to a number of interesting research challenges, such as how to integrate geographic information of different kinds. The basic motivation of this paper is to introduce a GIS architecture that can enable geographic information integration in a seamless and flexible way based on its semantic value and regardless of its representation. The proposed solution is an ontology-driven geographic information system that acts as a system integrator. In this system, an ontology is a component, such as the database, cooperating to fulfill the system's objectives. By browsing through ontologies the users can be provided with information about the embedded knowledge of the system. Special emphasis is given to the case of remote sensing systems and geographic information systems. The levels of ontologies can be used to guide processes for the extraction of more general or more detailed information. The use of multiple ontologies allows the extraction of information in different stages of classification. The semantic integration of aerial images and GIS is a crucial step towards better geospatial modeling. 相似文献
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The realization that knowledge often forms a densely interconnected graph has fueled the development of graph databases, Web‐scale knowledge graphs and query languages for them, novel visualization and query paradigms, as well as new machine learning methods tailored to graphs as data structures. One such example is the densely connected and global Linked Data cloud that contains billions of statements about numerous domains, including life science and geography. While Linked Data has found its way into everyday applications such as search engines and question answering systems, there is a growing disconnect between the classical ways in which Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are still used today and the open‐ended, exploratory approaches used to retrieve and consume data from knowledge graphs such as Linked Data. In this work, we conceptualize and prototypically implement a Linked Data connector framework as a set of toolboxes for Esri's ArcGIS to close this gap and enable the retrieval, integration, and analysis of Linked Data from within GIS. We discuss how to connect to Linked Data endpoints, how to use ontologies to probe data and derive appropriate GIS representations on the fly, how to make use of reasoning, how to derive data that are ready for spatial analysis out of RDF triples, and, most importantly, how to utilize the link structure of Linked Data to enable analysis. The proposed Linked Data connector framework can also be regarded as the first step toward a guided geographic question answering system over geographic knowledge graphs. 相似文献
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地名数据是一种重要的地理信息资源,目前我国的地名数据库建设多局限于国内地名,缺少国外数据。传统地名数据的检索多为关键字查询,查询效率低且无法用于复杂地名查询。文中提出一种基于开源地名数据库GeoNames和开源搜索引擎Solr的地名数据全文检索方法,通过分析GeoNames的数据类型和结构,构建MySQL地名数据库,并利用Solr建立地名索引,提供基于Web服务的地名数据全文检索。实验表明,基于Solr的地名数据全文检索能够显著提高地名数据检索效率,对于复杂地名查询,也能进行有效地检索。 相似文献
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基于本体协同的空间信息互操作方法 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
提出了基于标准空间信息本体和混合结构语义本体协同的地理信息系统互操作，通过本体的协同实现基于标准空间本体的异构空间信息互通和基于异构语义本体分级匹配的空间信息重分类及语义互操作。 相似文献
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本文包括3个部分。第一部分,从10个方面简要总结了军事地图学与地理信息工程科学技术60年来的主要成就,并从7个方面分析了推动地图学与地理信息工程科学技术进步与发展的理论与技术;第二部分,从7个方面论述了地图学与地理信息工程科学技术的发展趋势;第三部分,提出了未来要重点研究的10个领域,包括空间认知理论、空间数据自动综合理论与方法、多维动态空间信息可视化、空间信息网格、空间数据挖掘与知识发现、空间数据不确定性与数据质量控制、多智能化代理技术及其应用、嵌入式GIS技术等。 相似文献
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本文包括3个部分.第一部分,从10个方面简要总结了军事地图学与地理信息工程科学技术60年来的主要成就,并从7个方面分析了推动地图学与地理信息工程科学技术进步与发展的理论与技术;第二部分,从7个方面论述了地图学与地理信息工程科学技术的发展趋势;第三部分,提出了未来要重点研究的10个领域,包括空间认知理论、空间数据自动综合理论与方法、多维动态空间信息可视化、空间信息网格、空间数据挖掘与知识发现、空间数据不确定性与数据质量控制、多智能化代理技术及其应用、嵌入式GIS技术等. 相似文献
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铁路工程是带状工程，具有范围广、与地形地貌结合紧密的特点。传统BIM设计对海量模型及地理空间分析的支持较弱，难以解决大范围地理环境下铁路工程多专业集成的问题。本文以三维地理信息系统为基础，研究了大范围地理环境下面向铁路BIM多专业设计融合的关键技术，从铁路地理信息数据发布、地理环境下的线路设计、多专业BIM模型无缝拼接、海量模型数据的轻量化与显示策略等方面进行了深入地分析和研究，提出了一套完整的铁路设计BIM+GIS解决方案。在此基础上，构建了基于三维GIS的BIM空间信息平台，在西成高铁BIM试点工程中进行了应用和验证。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(4):315-325
Abstract After the set-up of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) and a national information infrastructure (NII) in many countries, the provision of geo-services became one of the most important and attractive tasks. With the integration of global positioning system (GPS), geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS), we can, in principle, answer any geo-spatial related question: when and where what object has which changes? An intelligent geo-service agent could provide end-users with the most necessary information in the shortest time and at the lowest cost. Unfortunately there is still a long way to go to achieve such goals. The central component in such geo-services is the integration of the spatial information system with a computing grid via wire- and wireless communication networks. This paper will mainly discuss the grid technology and its integration with spatial information technology, expounding potential problems and possible resolutions. A novel categorising of information grids in the context of geo-spatial information is proposed: generalised and specialised spatial information grids. 相似文献
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特大城市测绘地理信息数据具有数据海量、增长快速、多源异构、频繁使用的特点。随着大数据和Web2.0时代的到来,传统的空间数据存储管理与共享服务模式存在成果缺乏整合和挖掘、空间信息服务被动且无差别性等缺点,难以满足用户不断提高的空间数据内容、服务响应速度和服务质量的要求,也难以适应因人而异的个性化空间信息服务的需求。本文对个性化服务和云空间数据中心构建的关键技术进行了研究,提出了个性化空间数据情境应用模式,以及一种基于Web客户端的个人异构空间数据在线集成方法,基于NoSQL实现了个人空间数据与传统空间数据服务集成,并以北京市为例基于私有云构建了安全可靠、高效运行、可扩展、用户参与度高、提供个性化服务的特大城市云空间数据中心。 相似文献
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空间物流信息系统集成策略研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统集成的可行性和必要性出发，探讨了空间物流信息系统的集成策略，提出基于CORBA的系统集成是目前空间物流信息系统比较理想的集成策略，并对空间信息技术与现代物流管理技术集成下的物流信息系统集成平台进行了研究和探讨。 相似文献
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多源空间数据间不一致性研究现状及其进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
空间数据质量已成为国际地理信息系统领域的研究热点,近年来G IS空间数据质量的研究已由侧重于位置精度和属性精度转向对空间不一致性的关注和重视。本文在对多源空间数据间不一致性研究已有成果回顾的基础上,就空间数据间不一致性的特征、表达方法、度量方法以及处理方法等几个方面进行了较为详细的分析,提出了一种新的空间线目标间不一致性的度量方法——几何接近度面积度量法,并给出了度量公式及详细的推导过程;最后对多源空间数据间不一致性检测、度量和处理的智能化趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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地理本体与空间信息多级网格 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
为解决空间数据分布异构的问题,根据地理本体与地理网格的特点,提出一种将地理本体映射到地理网格的新方法,并用该方法构造一种基于本体的空间信息网格系统。该系统通过描述空间信息的语义内涵的本体系统对空间信息数据进行索引和组织,并以地理网格为其存储和管理单元,可以有效地解决在广域网络环境下的空间信息资源整合的问题,促进空间信息共享与利用的研究。 相似文献
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传统的GIS应用以空间数据库为中心进行组织,而异构的空间数据库之间因为缺乏被计算机所理解的语义知识,很难解决日益增长的异构的GIS应用之间的互操作的需求。本体（ontology）技术被看成是解决不同应用系统之间的异构性以及互操作难题的一个重要途径。传统的地理本体需要通过领域专家人工建立,比较耗费时间。本文提出一种从已经存在的空间数据库中提取出地理本体的方法,来解决异构系统中本体获取困难的问题。 相似文献
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Denis J Dean 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(3):399-412
Developing an ontology that succinctly describes the contents of a spatial database is a very difficult undertaking. Yet most current efforts to develop spatial ontologies remain focused on describing content. Ontologies describing other aspects of spatial databases may prove to be much easier to develop and nearly as useful as content ontologies, and yet these alternative ontologies have received little attention from the research community. This paper explores one such alternative, specifically, an ontology that describes how a spatial database may have been derived. Derivation ontologies are shown to be highly complementary to content ontologies, and in some cases can perform nearly identical tasks. It is also shown that derivation ontologies are much more straightforward to develop than are content ontologies. Finally, we present a genetic programming (GP)‐based approach to automatically developing derivation ontologies for existing databases. It is concluded that while derivation ontologies cannot replace content ontologies, they are a useful and practical complement that offer their own unique set of strengths to the problem of semantically characterizing spatial data. 相似文献
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Spatial analysis and spatial information systems have great potential in many non‐geographic domains. This paper presents an example of the utility of spatial analysis in a non‐geographic domain. A technique of pupillometry using digital infrared video loosely coupled with a Spatial Information System and a spreadsheet is developed to accurately quantify pupil dilation magnitude and constriction onset latency for participants of different cognitive ability and under different cognitive loads. Spatio‐temporal pupil dynamics of participants are recorded using digital infrared video. The pupil to iris area ratio is calculated for over 470,000 temporally sequenced de‐interlaced video fields by automatic feature extraction using a combination of threshold analysis, spatial smoothing and areal filtering. Pupil dilation magnitudes and constriction onset latencies are calculated through post‐processing in a spreadsheet. The study identifies inadequacies in current spatial analytical techniques for automatic feature extraction not necessarily evident in geographic applications. Issues impeding the employment of spatial analysis in non‐geographic domains including the lack of a generic spatial referencing system are identified and discussed. 相似文献
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Johannes F. Kruiger Vedran Kasalica Rogier Meerlo Anna‐Lena Lamprecht Enkhbold Nyamsuren Simon Scheider 《Transactions in GIS》2021,25(1):424-449
Loose programming enables analysts to program with concepts instead of procedural code. Data transformations are left underspecified, leaving out procedural details and exploiting knowledge about the applicability of functions to data types. To synthesize workflows of high quality for a geo‐analytical task, the semantic type system needs to reflect knowledge of geographic information systems (GIS) at a level that is deep enough to capture geo‐analytical concepts and intentions, yet shallow enough to generalize over GIS implementations. Recently, core concepts of spatial information and related geo‐analytical concepts were proposed as a way to add the required abstraction level to current geodata models. The core concept data types (CCD) ontology is a semantic type system that can be used to constrain GIS functions for workflow synthesis. However, to date, it is unknown what gain in precision and workflow quality can be expected. In this article we synthesize workflows by annotating GIS tools with these types, specifying a range of common analytical tasks taken from an urban livability scenario. We measure the quality of automatically synthesized workflows against a benchmark generated from common data types. Results show that CCD concepts significantly improve the precision of workflow synthesis. 相似文献