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运用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国及南斯拉夫和英国多种样品进行了生物喀斯特现象的观察和分析.在生物喀斯特溶蚀侵蚀方面,对地表及地下(洞穴、土下)生物(藻类、地衣、真菌等)喀斯特溶蚀侵蚀机制及其微形态,以及海岸各种生物(藻类及软件动物等)喀斯特侵蚀微形态特别是钻孔作用,进行了系统的研究.在沉积方面,总结了各种喀斯特沉积与生物的关系,对各种生物(细菌、真菌、藻类、苔藓类等)的喀斯特沉积及其微形态进行了观察研究.对生物喀斯特微形态与非生物作用形成的喀斯特微形态进行了分析比较,并讨论了生物喀斯特微形态研究的方法及理论意义和实际应用价值. 相似文献
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南京梁代石刻微侵蚀的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从地貌学角度较系统地分析了梁代石灰岩石刻表面自然毁损的微侵蚀机制，本文指出，雨水沿缝合线渗流，经多种地衣及兰藻、绿藻等生物作用而大大加强了溶蚀作用，导致石刻的崩解，并讨论此种特殊微侵蚀形态的形成机制在地貌学理论研究中的意义。 相似文献
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青藏高原灰岩出露面积不广,但具多种成因的喀斯特形态。现代山区的石峰等是由寒冻风化和冰川作用所形成,属冰缘冰川喀斯特;高原内部的许多洞穴及其堆积物,以及东南部的丘陵洼地等由溶蚀侵蚀作用所形成,属古喀斯特;高原内部和边缘地区,在钙华或河成钙华形成中,生物残体仅起凝结核作用,喀斯特泉物理化学性质的变化起决定作用。因此青藏高原兼有在现代气候条件下和古气候条件下形成的喀斯特。 相似文献
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喀斯特侵蚀过程中藻类作用的微形态研究 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
通过对我国及国外典型喀斯特区域的样品观察,本文对内陆及海岸灰岩表面藻类的分布、对基岩的作用类型和机制以及在喀斯特地貌侵蚀形态发育过程中的作用进行了初步的分析和探讨,所有结果表明,藻类作用十分普遍并在尺度上具有层次性,在微观尺度上形成了独特形态,藻类的侵蚀机制有化学和机械之分,最基本的过程为钻孔作用。 相似文献
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《云南地理环境研究》2016,(1)
喀斯特环境中地表水土过程对表层喀斯特过程具有重要意义。在石林区域的地质环境变化条件下,石林形成是从剥蚀夷平期的厚层红土覆盖环境下的石芽溶蚀发育,至厚层覆土受侵蚀后出露深大石芽,再至现代石林的多重侵蚀改造的宏观演变过程。与地表水土过程有关的的风化壳覆盖溶蚀机制与揭露侵蚀机制是石林发育演变中的两个关键机制。 相似文献
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在黔南峰丛洼地区林间白云岩坡地应用137Cs法研究土壤侵蚀。4个坡面采样样方的137Cs面积浓度都低于137Cs本底值浓度;表土样137Cs浓度随着坡长增加而增大,全样137Cs面积浓度的顺坡变化呈逐步下降趋势;应用137Cs农耕地侵蚀模型计算获得样点土壤侵蚀量后,加以坡长加权平均计算获得的坡长权重土壤位移量为2.045 t/(km2·a)。同时在坡脚的土壤分层剖面中的137Cs浓度峰值在土壤次表层出现,随着深度增加呈指数递减变化,属于未受耕作扰动的无侵蚀非农耕地,但表层含有相对低浓度137Cs是坡面侵蚀泥沙的搬运堆积结果,估算距1963年以来侵蚀泥沙年平均堆积厚度为0.0682~0.1364 cm/a。坡地土壤侵蚀速率远小于以往贵州喀斯特地区典型喀斯特小流域和坡地的观测结果,但坡脚泥沙堆积速率远大于坡地土壤侵蚀速率。表明季节性暴雨、坡面降雨汇流和耕作侵蚀等侵蚀作用使喀斯特坡地土壤颗粒出现微距离位移,长期则在坡脚出现显著的侵蚀泥沙堆积。 相似文献
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为了准确估算喀斯特小流域土壤侵蚀量,根据喀斯特山区小流域复杂地貌特征、径流与侵蚀产沙在垂直方向上的差异性,以栅格DEM为基础,建立了由水文模块和侵蚀模块组成的喀斯特小流域分布式土壤侵蚀模型.其中水文模块选取了改进的喀斯特流域SCS产流模型进行产流量计算,改进的喀斯特流域DHSVM汇流模型进行小裂隙渗流、大裂隙以及管道(地下暗河)流汇流计算.侵蚀模块考虑侵蚀产沙在垂直方向上侵蚀特征的差异性,在典型区域野外调查的基础上,设计室内模拟试验,并对试验数据进行多元线性回归、逐步回归和多元非线性回归分析,建立不同坡度条件下土壤侵蚀模数的多因子模型(非线性回归模型达到极显著或非常显著水平,0.692＜R2＜0.988)进行产沙量计算,并运用泥沙物质平衡原理完成泥沙输移计算.该模型与GIS结合可实现对土壤侵蚀的时空分布过程进行模拟,为加深对该区域土壤侵蚀过程及模型研究提供参考. 相似文献
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荒漠化草原植被斑块分布对地表径流、侵蚀及养分流失的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
地表径流是干旱区水、养分和土壤物质迁移和再分配的主要途径之一,它在很大程度上受植被格局的影响。研究了腾格里沙漠东南缘生物土壤结皮斑块和灌丛斑块镶嵌分布的植被格局对地表径流、侵蚀及其驱动下的资源再分配的影响。结果表明,植被斑块对地表径流和侵蚀产物起着拦截作用,能显著减少资源的流失。生物土壤结皮斑块和植被斑块之间存在资源(径流、侵蚀产物及养分等)再分配的源-汇关系。模拟降雨条件下,含有灌丛斑块和生物土壤结皮斑块的样方出现表面积水和径流需要的时间均显著大于只含生物土壤结皮斑块的样方;含两类斑块的样方出现径流需要的降雨量显著大于只含生物土壤结皮斑块的样方。在模拟降水和自然降水条件下,生物土壤结皮斑块产生的径流、侵蚀产物、有机质、氮及溶解养分中均大量被位于下坡向的灌丛斑块截获;灌丛斑块土壤水分入渗深度显著大于结皮斑块。灌丛斑块对生物土壤结皮斑块产生的地表径流、侵蚀产物及其携带的资源的捕获能显著减少资源流失,有效地防止荒漠化的进一步发生发展。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1984,36(1):106-142
Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1984,36(2):250-283
Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock. 相似文献
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<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka 相似文献
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MIN Qingwen 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(4):289-290
<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1985,37(2):226-262
Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):85-89
Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS) 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1983,35(2):230-260
Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford . 相似文献
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