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1.
It is important to understand how land use change impacts groundwater recharge,especially for regions that are undergoing rapid urbanization and there is limited surface water.In this study,the hydrological processes and re-charge ability of various land use types in Guishui River Basin,China(in Beijing Municipality) were analyzed.The impact of land use change was investigated based on water balance modeling,WetSpass and GIS.The results indicate that groundwater recharge accounts for only 21.16% of the precipitation,while 72.54% is lost in the form of evapotranspiration.The annual-lumped groundwater recharge rate decreases in the order of cropland,grassland,urban land,and forest.Land use change has resulted in a decrease of 4 × 106 m3 of yearly groundwater recharge in the study area,with a spatially averaged rate of 100.48 mm/yr and 98.41 mm/yr in 1980 and 2005,respectively.This variation has primarily come from an increase of urban area and rural settlements,as well as a decrease of cropland. 相似文献
2.
The precipitation recharge coefficient(PRC), representing the amount of groundwater recharge from precipitation, is an important parameter for groundwater resources evaluation and numerical simulation. It was usually obtained from empirical knowledge and site experiments in the 1980 s. However, the environmental settings have been greatly modified from that time due to land use change and groundwater over-pumping, especially in the Beijing plain area(BPA). This paper aims to estimate and analyze PRC of BPA with the distributed hydrological model and GIS for the year 2011 with similar annual precipitation as long-term mean. It is found that the recharge from vertical(precipitation + irrigation) and precipitation is 291.0 mm/yr and 233.7 mm/yr, respectively, which accounts for 38.6% and 36.6% of corresponding input water. The regional mean PRC is 0.366, which is a little different from the traditional map. However, it has a spatial variation ranging from –7.0% to 17.5% for various sub-regions. Since the vadose zone is now much thicker than the evaporation extinction depth, the land cover is regarded as the major dynamic factor that causes the variation of PRC in this area due to the difference of evapotranspiration rates. It is suggested that the negative impact of reforestation on groundwater quantity within BPA should be well investigated, because the PRC beneath forestland is the smallest among all land cover types. 相似文献
3.
泰安市西南25km处的大汶口盆地东部出露泰山南麓最大的上泉岩溶泉群。上泉泉域边界清晰,受断裂构造、地层岩性控制。泉域东部云亭山、南山一带丘陵区寒武-奥陶纪碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩裸露地表,接受大气降水直接入渗补给,西部山前倾斜平原地带浅覆盖或半裸露,除接受大气降水下渗补给外,还接受南留河渗漏和胜利水库季节性放水农灌回渗水补给,地下水动态受补给作用影响明显。泉域多年平均大气降水补给资源量约190万m~3,南留河渗漏补给资源量约259万m~3,农灌回渗水补给资源量约52万m~3,合计约501万m~3,扣除上泉泉群排泄量34万m~3,工农业和生活用水开采量约222万m~3,剩余约245万m~3在向泉域下游径流中逐渐向上顶托越流排泄于第四系松散岩类孔隙含水层中。为保护上泉泉群景观资源,本着"先看后用"的原则,应禁止在泉群上游增采岩溶地下水,可在泉群下游隐伏寒武纪炒米店组灰岩、张夏组灰岩分布区适当布井,夺取部分径流排泄资源量对泉群喷涌不会产生大的影响。 相似文献
4.
杨凌农业高新技术产业示范区南临渭河，三维渗流数值模拟结果表明，拟建于渭河漫滩和一级阶地上的两个地下水水源地的开采将大大地激发渭河水对地下水的补给，使得已受污染的渭河水对拟建水源地的水质造成严重威胁。水质模拟结果表明，在未来开采条件下，热电厂水源地、水上运动中心及渭河近岸地带的地下水最容易受到渭河水污染的影响。 相似文献
5.
在前人取得的水文地质资料的基础上,以水文地质调查、物探勘查、综合分析研究为手段,对烟台市水文地质条件进行了详细的分析研究,根据含水层岩性及地下水类型将研究区划分为松散岩类孔隙含水岩组、碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙含水岩组、碳酸盐岩类岩溶含水岩组、喷出岩类孔洞裂隙含水岩组和岩浆岩、变质岩类裂隙含水岩组。依据地形地貌及岩性构造差异,将研究区划分为山地丘陵和滨海平原2个典型区,分别描述地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件。含水岩组的电性特征与地下水的赋存介质有关,根据赋存介质的不同将研究区地下水类型分为孔隙水、裂隙水和岩溶水三类,并分别总结其电性特征。该文对烟台市含水岩组进行划分,总结不同含水层电性特征,为水资源的进一步开发利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
Based on runoff, air temperature, and precipitation data from 1960 to 2010, the effects of climate change on water resources in the arid region of the northwestern China were investigated. The long-term trends of hydroclimatic variables were studied by using both Mann-Kendall test and distributed-free cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart test. Results indicate that the mean annual air temperature increases significantly from 1960 to 2010. The annual precipitation exhibits an increasing trend, especially in the south slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the North Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang in the study period. Step changes occur in 1988 in the mean annual air temperature time series and in 1991 in the precipitation time series. The runoff in different basins shows different trends, i.e., significantly increasing in the Kaidu River, the Aksu River and the Shule River, and decreasing in the Shiyang River. Correlation analysis reveals that the runoff in the North Xinjiang (i.e., the Weigan River, the Heihe River, and the Shiyang River) has a strong positive relationship with rainfall, while that in the south slope of the Tianshan Mountains, the middle section of the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the Shule River has a strong positive relationship with air temperature. The trends of runoff have strong negative correlations with glacier coverage and the proportion of glacier water in runoff. From the late 1980s, the climate has become warm and wet in the arid region of the northwestern China. The change in runoff is interacted with air temperature, precipitation and glacier coverage. The results show that streamflow in the arid region of the northwestern China is sensitive to climate change, which can be used as a reference for regional water resource assessment and management. 相似文献
7.
Moiwo Juana Paul 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(3):229-235
The impact of land-use on distributed groundwater recharge and discharge in the western Jilin (WJ) was analyzed in this study.
WJ is a transitional, semi-arid zone with a fragile, hydrological closed ecosystem in the Songhua River Basin (SRB). The research
tool includes a seamlessly linked MODFLOW, WetSpass, the Seepage packages, and ArcGIS. The model calibration showed good agreement
between simulated water table elevation and measured water table depths, while predicted groundwater discharge zones showed
strong correlations with field occurrences of drainage systems and wetlands. Simulated averages for distributed recharge,
water table elevation and groundwater drawdown were 377.42mm/yr, 194.43m, and 0.18m respectively. Forest vegetation showed
the highest recharge, followed by agricultural farmlands, while open-water and other drainage systems constituted groundwater
exit zones. When present land-use conditions were compared with the hypothetical natural pre-development scenario, an overall
loss of groundwater recharge (24.09mm/yr) was observed, which for the project area is 18.05 × 108m3. Groundwater abstraction seemed to be the cause of water table drawdown, especially in the immediate vicinities of the supply
wells. An important issue of the findings was the ability of the hypothetical forest vegetation to protect, and hence sustain
aquifer reserves and dependent ecosystems. The profound data capture capability of ArcGIS makes it particularly useful in
spatio-temporal hydroecological modeling.
Biography: Moiwo Juana PAUL (1967–), male, a native of Sierra Leone of West Africa, Ph.D. candidate, specialized in wetland
ecology. 相似文献
8.
该文在查明区域水文地质条件、湖区地下水的类型、分布、埋藏条件、含水层及隔水层特征、岩性结构以及地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件的基础上,通过现场试验,确定了天然状态下湖区各含水层之间的水力联系、黄河侧渗补给量及湖区向小清河的排泄量,结合数值模拟,预测了湖区维持设计蓄水位21.5m时黄河的侧渗补给量、湖区向小清河的排泄量及湖区对周边地下水位的影响。结果表明,天然状态下,黄河侧渗补给量为748.23m~3/d,湖区向小清河排泄量大约为52.03m~3/d,黄河侧渗补给量远大于湖区向小清河的排泄量。数值模拟结果表明,湖区维持设计蓄水位21.5m时,不同水文年湖区接受的侧渗补给量均大于湖区的渗漏量,且对周围地下水位的影响不超过1.5m,因此,湖区维持设计蓄水位21.5m时可不考虑防渗措施。 相似文献
9.
《山地科学学报》2015,(4)
Land use changes such as deforestation,increase in cropping or grazing areas and built-up land, likely modify the water balance and land surface behavior in the Himalayan watersheds.An integrated approach of hydrological and hydraulic modeling was adopted for comparative analysis of hydrological pattern in three Himalayan watersheds i.e.Khanpur,Rawal and Simly situated in the Northern territory of Pakistan.The rainfall-runoff model SWAT- Soil and water assessment tool and Hydro CAD were calibrated for the selected watersheds.The correlation analysis of the precipitation data of two climate stations i.e.Murree and Islamabad, with the discharge data of three rivers was utilized to select best suitable input precipitation data for Hydro CAD rainfall-runoff modeling.The peak flood hydrograph were generated using Hydro CAD runoff to optimize the basin parameters like CN, runoff volume, peak flows of the three watersheds.The hydrological response of the Rawal watershed was studied as a case study to different scenarios of land use change using SWAT model.The scenario of high deforestation indicated a decline of about 6.3% in the groundwater recharge tostream while increase of 7.1% in the surface runoff has been observed under the scenario of growth in urbanization in the recent decades.The integrated modeling approach proved helpful in investigating the hydrological behavior under changing environment at watershed level in the Himalayan region. 相似文献
10.
华北平原水资源合理开发利用的思路与举措 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
经过几十年的大量开采利用,华北平原地下水资源不仅表现为区域超采和局部严重超采,也暴露出地下水补给源严重萎缩的问题。其主要表现在中西部粗质平原的地下水易补给区,因汇流山地水库强力拦蓄,河道主体补给功能丧失,而在中东部细质平原的径流主产区,因水位埋藏浅和水质咸化,降水径流不能形成对地下水的有效补给,蒸发流失严重。以往实践强调山区水利工程建设而轻视了东部低平原区径流拦蓄利用,重视对高海拔咸水体的改造利用而忽视了对低海拔咸水体的改造利用,强化地表水库建设的重要性而忽略了地下水库的重要性。面对华北平原供水紧张的严峻形势,调整水资源开发战略势在必行,其具体思路是:以千方百计提高降水利用水平为中心,调整和改善水资源开发利用整体布局;以地下水补给调蓄为重点,大力集蓄雨洪水和改造利用浅层水,充分发挥地表水和地下水两大功能作用。其具体举措有:实施山前梯级水坝的地下水库"回灌"工程;实施中东部及滨海淡水蓄水利用工程;实施东部浅层地下水规模化改造开发利用工程。若上述措施得以实施,可使降水利用率从现状的20.65%提高到26%以上,则华北平原供水问题有望获得解决。 相似文献
11.
地下水位的两种估值方法比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对于许多区域水资源问题,用数值方法(有限元法或有限差分法)进行地下水水流模拟时,通过各种插值方法计算出每个节点上地下水位值,若插值方法选取的不正确,其计算结果与实际情况不符,其误差很大。首先简单介绍了趋势面方法,然后着重阐述了克立格方法的基本原理及其在地下水位估值中的应用,通过比较两种方法的计算结果可以得出:用趋势面方法模拟地下水位时其误差较大,而用克立格方法计算地下水位时其误差较小,克立格方法优于趋势面方法。因此说克立格方法是一种最优、线性、无偏的模拟空间变量的方法。 相似文献
12.
ＣＬＩＭＡＴＩＣＴＲＥＮＤＩＮＤＩＣＡＴＥＤＢＹＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＧＬＡＣＩＥＲＳＡＮＤＬＡＫＥＳＩＮＴＨＥＴＩＡＮＳＨＡＮＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＳ￥ＨｕＲｕｊｉ；ＹａｎｇＣｈｕａｎｄｅ；ＭａＨｏｎｇ；ＪｉａｎｇＦｅｎｇｑｉｎｇ（ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＩｎ... 相似文献
13.
本文在研究平凉地区大气降水、地表水和地下水的氢氧稳定同位素和氢的放射性同位素的基础上，重点讨论了大岔河隐伏岩溶水的水文地质条件。结果表明，大岔河隐伏岩溶水的补给局限在大岔河流域内，其径流条件良好，现代降水混入量平均为５４％，具有潜在的开发利用价值。 相似文献
14.
Impacts of climatic change on river runoff in northern Xinjiang of China over last fifty years 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
The characteristics of climatic change and river runoff, as well as the response of river runoff to climatic change in the northern Xinjiang are analyzed on the basis of the hydrological and meteorological data over the last 50 years by the methods of Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and the nonlinear regression model. The results show that: 1) The temperature and the precipitation increased significantly in the whole northern Xinjiang, but the precipitation displayed no obvious change, or even a decreasing trend in the northern mountainous area of the northern Xinjiang. 2) River runoff varied in different regions in the northern Xinjiang. It significantly increased in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang (p=0.05), while slightly increased in the west of the northern Xinjiang. 3) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) affects river runoff by influencing temperature and precipita-tion. The NAO and precipitation had apparent significant correlations with the river runoff, but the temperature did not in the northern Xinjiang. Since the mid-1990s river runoff increase was mainly caused by the increasing temperature in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang. Increased precipitation resulted in increased river runoff in the west of the northern Xinjiang. 相似文献
15.
The mountainous areas of Central Asia provide substantial water resources, and studying change in water storage and the impacts of precipitation and snow cover in the mountain ranges of Central Asia is of the greatest importance for understanding regional water shortages and the main factors. Data from the GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites, precipitation products and snow-covered area data were used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of water storage changes and the effects of precipitation and snow cover from April 2002 to December 2013. The results were computed for each mountain ranges, and the following conclusions were drawn. The water storage in the mountainous areas of Central Asia as a whole increases in summer and winter, whereas it decreases in autumn. The water storage is affected by precipitation to some extent and some areas exhibit hysteresis. The area of positive water storage changes moves from west to east over the course of the year. The water storage declined during the period 2002–2004. It then returned to a higher level in 2005–2006 and featured lower levels in 2007–2009 Subsequently, the water storage increased gradually from 2010 to 2013. The Eastern Tianshan Mountains and Western Tianshan Mountain subzones examined in this study display similar tendencies, and the trends observed in the Karakorum Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains are also similar. However, the Eastern Tianshan Mountains and Western Tianshan Mountains were influenced by precipitation to a greater degree than the latter two ranges. The water storage in Qilian Mountains showed a pronounced increasing trend, and this range is the most strongly affected by precipitation. Based on an analysis of all investigated subzones, precipitation has the greatest influence on total water storage relative to the snow covered area in some areas of Central Asia. The results obtained from this study will be of value for scientists studying the mechanisms that influence changes in water storage in Central Asia. 相似文献
16.
THE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AND ITSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTIN THE SOUTH EDGE OF TARIM BASIN 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
1 INTRODUCTIONSustainability as present understand comes fromword protection strategy commission, which firstly putforward some wide excepted environmental sustainability principles and three important identifications forlife support system: soil, air and water. Then, in thereport of Our Common Future (WCED, 1987), theconcept of sustainable development is put to an outstanding level. Sustainable groundwater resources development is then a great issue in the recent years andthe future (… 相似文献
17.
泰安市西南25km的大汶口盆地东北部,出露一处目前山东省境内已发现的唯一的天然含硫化氢泉,泉水呈浅翠绿色,因其具有强烈的臭鸡蛋味被当地称为臭泉。经勘探查明臭泉泉域边界受地层岩性、断裂构造、埋藏条件等诸因素控制,含水层为埋藏的古近纪官庄群大汶口组三段含膏泥质灰岩,岩石呈密集蜂窝状溶蚀,地下水接受含水层露头带第四系孔隙水的下渗补给,在向排泄区径流运动过程中逐渐具有承压性并溶解了岩石中大量石膏组分而形成SO_4-Ca型水,处于封闭还原环境下水中的硫酸根离子在有机质作用下发生脱硫酸作用还原为硫化氢并溶于水中,地下水于泉点处遇阻水断裂产生壅水现象使水位抬升溢出地表成泉,硫酸根离子是生成硫化氢的供体。根据氢氧同位素分析结果,推断含硫化氢水为大气降水入渗补给和第四系孔隙水下渗补给、地下水以40年前的"古水"占优;含硫化氢水氟离子含量高于其他类型水,含水层埋藏条件为处于相对封闭的环境,土壤硫高值区与机(民)井分布、灌溉范围吻合。 相似文献
18.
为探究济南市玉符河人工补源对趵突泉泉域的影响,在系统分析泉域水文地质条件的基础上,采用地下水数值模拟软件GMS10.0建立了2012—2014年覆盖趵突泉泉域的地下水流数值模型,通过模型对玉符河补源实施后地下水的径流方向、影响面积以及对泉水位和西郊水源地水位的提升作用进行评估。结果表明:玉符河补源在实际渗漏量为10.52×10~4m~3/d的情况下,玉符河补源水首先沿着炒米店地堑由南向北流,然后再向东、西方向径流。补源后第177 d,补源影响范围基本抵达四大泉群,玉符河补源的最大影响范围为485.79 km~2。玉符河补源对趵突泉、黑虎泉的最大影响水位为0.06 m和0.04 m;对济南西郊水源地的水位起到明显的提升作用,最大值达到0.57m。西郊水位的抬升可以缓解地下水开采对趵突泉水位的影响,减小保泉的压力,也为将来济南百姓重新喝上优质地下水奠定了基础。 相似文献
19.
地下水的化学特征与成因机制对地下水演化、地下水资源的合理开采及质量评价具有重要意义。为查明豫北平原浅层地下水的水质特征及控制因素,采集了不同类型的浅层地下水和地表水样品,分别测试了水样阴、阳离子和氢氧同位素组成。结果表明:①地下水中总溶解性固体物质（total dissolved solids,简称TDS）质量浓度范围为316~6 948 mg/L,微咸和咸地下水呈条带状分布在沁河冲洪积平原中部,在三阳镇-修武县一带,水化学类型复杂,以HCO3·SO4-Na·Mg·Ca型和SO4-Na·Mg型水为主。北部山前冲洪积扇和沁河北岸地下水为淡水,为HCO3-Ca·Mg型水。②δ2H-δ18O关系说明地下水起源于大气降水,水化学组分受水岩相互作用控制,在补给区以碳酸盐岩溶滤作用为主,径流区发生硅酸盐岩的风化溶解以及阳离子交换作用,排泄区以蒸发浓缩、石膏溶解和阳离子交换作用为主。③地质和气候环境是造成地下水咸化的主要成因,且受到工农业污水渗漏的影响。研究成果可以为该区地下水资源的合理开采和有效管理提供依据。 相似文献
20.
地下水补给资源估算是地下水资源可持续开发利用的重要依据,传统地下水资源评价工作往往是采取水均衡法或达西定律等评价地下水补给资源,很少采用环境示踪剂方法。环境示踪剂在地下水补给研究中具有重要价值,特别是在干旱半干旱地区是一种非常简单可靠的评价方法。本文介绍了两种常见的环境示踪剂（3H、Cl）方法氚峰法和氯质量平衡法的基本原理及其在地下水补给研究中的主要应用,其中氯质量平衡法不仅可以估算地下水的补给量,而且可以研究植被覆盖变化对地下水补给影响和示踪地下水补给历史及气候变化。 相似文献