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1.
The foremost Global Positioning System(GPS) derived measurements in the Kumaun Himalaya indicate that most of the crustal motion of the Indian plate is accommodating towards the base as well as on the hanging wall of Main Central Thrust(MCT).Deformation pattern within the Kumaun Himalaya varies from south to north and indicates maximum deformation rate near MCT.Our study,based on the campaign mode GPS survey during 2003- 2006,reveals that the area between north of North Almora Thrust(NAT) and at the base of Great Himalaya registers maximum strain rate,which is lowered towards the Trans Himadri Fault(THF).The GAMIT-GLOBK processed campaign data of the area show that currently,the Himalayan Frontal Fault(HFF) and Main Boundary Thrust(MBT) are locked with the Indian plate,and a 6.7 ± 2.5 mm/yr of horizontal shortening is taking place between the Lesser Himalaya and Peninsular India.  相似文献   

2.
Drainage responds rapidly to tectonic changes and thus it is a potential parameter for teetonogeomorphological analysis. Drainage network of Potwar is a good geological record of movement, displacements, regional uplifts and erosion of the tectonic units. This study focuses on utilizing drainage network extracted from Shuttle Radar Digital Elevation Data （SRTM-DEM） in order to constrain the structure of the Potwar Plateau. SWAN syncline divides Potwar into northern Potwar deformed zone （NPDZ） and southern Potwar platform zone （SPPZ）. We extracted the drainage network from DEM and analyzed 112 streams using stream power law. Spatial distribution of concavity and steepness indices were used to prepare uplift rate map for the area. DEM was further utilized to extract lineaments to study the mutual relationship between lineaments and drainage patterns. We compared the local correlation between the extracted lineaments and drainage network of the area that gives us quantitative information and shows promising prospects. The streams in the NPDZ indicate high steepness values as compared to the streams in the SPPZ. The spatial distribution of geomorphic parameters distinctive deformation and uplift rates suggest the among eastern, central and western parts. The local correlation between drainage network and lineaments from DEM is strongly positive in the area within I km of radius.  相似文献   

3.
Resulting from the collision of the Eurasian and Indian plates, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is commonly known as the ’roof of the world’. Collectively the Yarlung Tsangpo, Nu, Lancang, Yangtze, Yalong, and Yellow River basins drain the eastern margin of the plateau. In this paper, we utilize Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation data to examine morphometric and relief attributes of these basins to reveal insights into tectonic activity and rates of incision. A robust technique using Matlab is proposed to alleviate errors associated with SRTM data in the derivation of river longitudinal profiles. Convex longitudinal profiles are interpreted to be a product of uplift rates that exceed rates of channel incision along the entire margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Highest relief towards the south reflects extensive fluvial incision. High relief is also prominent along major active faults. Erosion patterns are related to distance from knickpoints. Highest rates of erosion and incision are evident towards the south, with decreasing values towards the north, suggesting a link between tectonic activity and erosion.  相似文献   

4.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(10):2297-2320
Inherited tectonic structures, ongoing tectonic deformation, and variations in relative rock uplift rates play an important role in conditioning the processes of relief development. Their influence among other factors, such as climate and lithology, can be quantified using landscape analysis, and geomorphometric indices, in particular. The usage of landscape analysis in recent years is increasing systematically due to the constant improvement of the digital elevation models and GIS software that significantly facilitate this approach. In this study, we aim to recognize the influence of tectonic structures and processes on relief development in the low mountains with moderate relief of the So?a River catchment in the Western Outer Carpathians. To this end, we calculated geomorphometric indices(river longitudinal profile, stream-length gradient index, minimum bulk erosion, relief ratio, circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, and hypsometric integral) for the So?a River and its 47 sub-catchments using a 25-m spatial resolution Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 2. Additionally, we identified lineaments and knickpoints and correlated the computed results with local and regional fault networks, variations in lithology, and climate fluctuations. Obtained results indicate a significant impact of inherited tectonicstructures on the relief development of the So?a River catchment, i.e., directions of principal ridges and valleys follow the orientation of main folds and faults recorded in this area. Anomalously high values of minimum bulk erosion, river gradient, and streamlength gradient index allowed us to define two areas with higher relative uplift rates: 1) the So?a Gorge and 2) the Beskid ?ywiecki Mts. Polish Outer Carpathians are generally considered as an area of low strain rate and low seismic activity. However, the possibility of neotectonic processes should be considered in geohazard estimations. Observed bends in the direction of river valleys that do not correspond with changes in lithology could be related to active strikeslip faults. These are probably the reactivated basement structures, copied in the thin-skinned nappe cover, as a result of the accommodation of the Mur-?ilina Fault Zone resulting from the tectonic push of the Alcapa(Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian) microplate against the European plate. Thus, the role of recent tectonic activity in relief development of the So?a River catchment even though appears to be subsidiary at the most, should not be excluded.  相似文献   

5.
This paper presents finite element modeling （FEM） to simulate the present-day stress field and crustal deformation using NE-SW structural section in the central Seismic Gap region of the Garhwal Himalaya. Our study deals with the effect of geometrical characteristics and rock layer parameters on the upper crust. Modeling results show that two types of tectonic regimes developed in the central Seismic Gap region： the geotectonics of the northern part has been controlled by regional compression, whereas southern part is characterized by regional extension. Correspondingly, thrust faults are induced in the northern part and normal faults are extensively developed in the southern front. Those evidences noticeably indicate that the compressive tectonic environment of the Himalaya becomes change into the extensional tectonic regime in its front. The computed shear stress accumulation along the northern fiat of Main Himalayan Thrust （MHT） implies that considerable amount of interseismic stress is building up along the MHT system in the Himalaya, which ultimately release through the possible future great Himalayan earthquake （M 〉 8）. The comparison between our modeled stress field, faulting pattern and horizontal shortening rate with the distribution of the microseismic events, focal mechanism solutions, active faulting and GPS data in the central Seismic Gap region shows good agreement.  相似文献   

6.
基于遥感解译、野外调查、光释光(OSL)测年和无人机地形测绘,对大别山东麓桐城-太湖段河流阶地发育特征与变形情况进行初步研究。结果表明：1）大别山东麓河流阶地发育较差,各中小型河流普遍发育一级阶地,少数大型河流发育2级阶地;2）大别山东麓河流T1阶地形成时代为晚更新世晚期至全新世早期(约25 ka BP~12 ka BP),T2阶地形成时代为晚更新世中期(约55 ka BP);3）郯庐断裂带大别山东麓段自河流T2阶地形成以来未发生明显活动,该段最新活动时代为中更新世。  相似文献   

7.
不同尺度DEM的河流裂点提取及其效应分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以不同尺度DEM数据提取裂点及其效应存在较大差异。本文以1：1万DEM为基础数据,通过小波分析生成多尺度DEM数据。以庐山地区16条河流为例,实现了多尺度DEM数据的河流裂点提取,探讨了河流裂点的变化规律,并构建了裂点个数的尺度预测模型。实验结果表明：(1)采用河道纵剖面与点坡降相结合的方法可快速准确地判断裂点;(2)在庐山地区,1:1万DEM数据可准确判断高差不小于5 m的裂点,对于高差小于5 m的裂点由于DEM表达精度和数据误差,而无法准确判定;(3)DEM尺度对裂点提取影响显著,裂点个数随着DEM分辨率降低逐渐减少,符合幂函数递减规律;(4)通过与ASTER GDEM和SRTM DEM对比验证,本文所构建的裂点个数与DEM尺度的拟合模型具有一定的预测精度。  相似文献   

8.
Alternation of high and low resistance sedimentary beds,active tectonics,large rivers,and slope erosion in valleys consequently resulted in landslide in dammed lakes within the Zagros range.This study presents the results in the analysis of geological and topographic data,satellite imageries,morphotectonics and hydrodynamics of drainage networks about the landslide dammed lakes.There are four landslides in central Zagros(Zagros FoldThrust Belt,ZFTB)which have formed five dammed lakes named,Seymareh,Jaidar,Shur,Shimbar,and Godar.According to the results,damming landslides occurred in the active-tectonic regions on the slopes of anticlines and in valleys with undercutting effects of rivers on their slopes consisting of alternations of loose and resistant beds.The studied landslide dams in narrow valleys are formed as a result of blocking river by sliding debris slopes and rock slides.This study also indicates the formation of Jaidar and Godar in one stage and the presence of Lake Terrace sequence in Seymareh,Shur and Shimbar lakes.The observed sequences of terrace formation in these lakes are caused by four Seymareh Landslides followed by the three-stage excavation of Shur andShimbar lakes.  相似文献   

9.
A good understanding of giant landslide-prone areas could greatly enhance the understanding of the formation and failure mechanisms of giant landslides.In this study,a classic giant landslide-prone area named the Diexi area located along the upstream stretch of the Minjiang River on the eastern Tibetan Plateau is adopted to analyze the failure mechanism and evolution process by detailed field investigations,Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)images and a digital surface model(DSM).The results show that among the 37 giant landslides located in the Diexi area,18 landslides are transverse landslides(wedge failure),and the others are consequent landslides(buckling failure).All landslides blocked rivers,and some barrier lakes still remain.The Diexi area features special geological structural conditions related to the hinge section of the Jiaochang arc tectonic belt,the intersection of two active fault zones(the Songpinggou and Minjiang fault zones)and high levels of geostress.The numerous radial fissures induced by the Jiaochang arcuate belt provided lateral sliding boundaries for buckling deformation(consequent landslides)and head scarps for wedge failure(transverse landslides).The rapid incision(1.88 mm/yr)since the middle Pleistocene formed a deep gorge with steep slopes and strong lateral unloading.Frequent earthquakes and rainfall further reduced the rock mass integrity,and strong earthquakes or other factors triggered the landslides.  相似文献   

10.
渤海湾盆地碎屑物质的物源示踪研究,对于渤海湾盆地的自身演化,周缘造山带隆升和剥蚀过程,以及中国东部陆架海的物质扩散研究均具有重要意义,受到国内外学者的广泛关注,同时也存在诸多争议。钾长石是地壳中最主要的造岩矿物之一,在河流沉积物中广泛出现,在进行物源示踪研究时具有代表性。基于此,利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS）对渤海湾盆地主要注入河流的碎屑钾长石进行了原位地球化学特征分析,结果表明,黄河干流碎屑钾长石的常量元素Na2O、Al2O3、SiO2、K2O的标准偏差与滹沱河、滦河、辽河和漳河4条河流存在差异。在钾长石常量元素Al2O3质量分数与Na2O和K2O质量分数二维散点图中,部分黄河样品的Al2O3值较之整体部分（其他4条河流和黄河样品）偏低;微量元素中Ba、Pb、Sr、Rb和Ca的质量分数占主体部分,尤其Ba、Pb、Sr、Rb的含量较高。在Ba和Sr以及Ba和Pb质量分数二维散点图中,黄河与其他4条河流明显不同。该研究结果表明,钾长石的Ba和Sr含量变化可以成为环渤海湾盆地沉积物中黄河物源示踪的特征指标。   相似文献   

11.
Dam removal is becoming an effective approach for aquatic biodiversity restoration in damming river in order to balance the aquatic ecosystem conservation with large-scale cascade damming. However, the effects of dam removal on fish communities in Asian mountainous rivers, which are dominated by Cypriniformes fishes, are still not well known. To determine whether dam removal on a mountainous river benefit restoration of fish diversity, we investigated the response of fish assemblage to dam removal using a before-after-control-impact design in two tributaries of the Lancang River(dam removal river: the Jidu River, and control river: the Fengdian River). Fish surveys were conducted one year prior to dam removal(2012) and three years(2013–2015) following dam removal. We observed rapidly and notably spatio-temporal changes in fish biodiversity metrics and assemblage structure, occurring in the Jidu River within the first year after dam removal. Overall, fish species richness, density and Shannon-Wiener diversity all increased immediately in above-and below-dam sites, and maintained a stable level in subsequent years, compared to unchanged situation in the control river. All sites in the Jidu River experienced shifts in fish composition after dam removal, with the greatest temporal changes occurred in sites below-and above-the former dam, resulting in a temporal homogenization tendency in the dam removed river. These findings suggest that dam removal can benefit the recovery of habitat conditions and fish community in Asian mountainous rivers, but the results should be further evaluated when apply to other dammed rivers since the dam age, fluvial geomorphology and situation of source populations could all affect the responses of fish assemblages.  相似文献   

12.
自新生代印度板块的块持续碰撞与俯冲作用下,青藏高原经历了快速隆升与复杂的岩石圈改造过程,但高原现今的垂向动力学机制和地壳形变特征仍然存在争议。基于非均一有效弹性厚度的挠曲模型,利用地形和地球重力场模型数据,计算了青藏高原及邻区的挠曲均衡重力异常。结果显示,青藏高原的均衡重力异常在-120~90 mGal之间,高原中部为明显的正异常特征,边缘为显著的均衡负异常。极小值出现在青藏高原西北部及其相邻的帕米尔高原,极大值则出现在与之紧邻的喜马拉雅块体西北部。此外,在青藏高原北面和东面,塔里木盆地和四川盆地显示出大片的均衡正异常。这些特征说明青藏高原及邻区地壳现今处于非均衡的状态,在板块碰撞挤压作用下,老的块体地壳整体发生抬升,导致了均衡正异常特征;而年轻的造山区域,地壳形变主要表现为地表抬升与下地壳强烈增厚,形成了均衡负异常。在高原中部和北部,均衡调整方向与地壳垂向运动趋势相一致;但在高原南面（喜马拉雅块体）和东面（四川盆地）,均衡调整方向与地表形变观测结果相反。这说明印度板块碰撞与俯冲仍然控制着青藏高原南部、东部及其相邻块体的地壳形变过程,然而在更北的区域,地壳正通过均衡调整恢复均衡状态。   相似文献   

13.
北部湾盆地是南海北部最主要的含油气盆地之一,其中乌石凹陷东区流三段是主要的油气勘探目的层。该地层受控于复杂断裂体系,因此,其沉积模式及沉积微相展布一直是制约该区油气勘探突破的关键。通过岩心-钻井-地震资料的综合研究,深入分析了该区断层活动性及其空间展布、沉积物源体系及其沉积微相空间展布特征等,继而探讨了构造-沉积相互制约关系。研究结果表明:流三段沉积时期该区为非典型浅水三角洲沉积环境,物源来自于企西隆起,总体表现为近物源、分选差、相变快、断块分隔性较强的牵引流沉积特征,沉积微相以水下分流河道沉积为主;沉积体的空间展布主要受控于流三段沉积时期发育的6条NE向、EW向正断裂,断裂活动强度差异控制了该区沟谷相间的古地貌特征、物源水系的分布及物源推进距离,导致浅水三角洲内各分支水道差异性明显;其中乌石F3、F4两条断裂控制的断沟地势平缓,水下分流河道推进较远,是该区勘探的重要方向之一。   相似文献   

14.
综合钻井、测井和古生物等资料,依据沉积学基本原理和方法,对济阳坳陷沾车地区古近纪东营组沉积相特征及空间展布进行研究。结果表明:沾车地区东营组发育冲积扇相、曲流河相、三角洲相、扇三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相、湖泊相、滩坝和湖底扇8种沉积相,以湖泊相为主。东营组三段盆地持续下陷,深湖相、滨-浅湖相发育,沉积范围广。东营组二段湖盆重新开始抬升,湖水收缩,沉积范围缩小,沉积相以滨浅湖相为主,伴有小规模的扇三角洲及滩坝沉积。东营组一段湖盆继续抬升,沉积范围进一步缩小,主要为冲积扇-河流沉积,凸起边缘发育一系列的冲积扇。  相似文献   

15.
TheimportantgUidingprinciplethatenstiresthesustainabledevelOPmentOfChinais"The21stCentury'sAgendaofChina"(Office,1994).ThesustainabledevelopmentintheareasalongthenewEtirasiancontinentalBridge(sectioninXinjiang)belongstooneoftheprioritemsof"theagenda".TheopeningofthenewEtirasiancontinentalBridgenotonlybringsabbotgreatoPPOrtunitiesfordevelopmentofXinjiang,butalsoplaysamajorroleinreducingthegapbetweentheWesternandeasternpartsofChina.Furthermore,itcantriggerfuttiresustainabledevelOPmentin…  相似文献   

16.
The combination of different topographic and climatic conditions results in varied precipitation-runoff relations, which in turn influences hillslope erosion, sediment transport and bedrock incision across mountainous landscapes. The runoff coefficient is a suitable tool to represent precipitation-runoff relations, but the spatial distribution of the runoff coefficient across tectonically active mountains in semi-arid environments has received little attention because of limited data availability. We calculated annual runoff coefficients over 22 years for 26 drainage basins across the semi-arid Qilian Mountains based on:(i) annual discharge records; and(ii) the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset to enhance our understanding of the precipitation-runoff processes. The mean annual runoff coefficients show no obvious spatial trends. When compared to potential controlling factors, mean annual runoff coefficients are highly correlated with mean slope rather than any climatic characteristics(e.g., mean annualprecipitation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). The slope-dependent runoff coefficient could theoretically have enhanced the topographic control on erosion rates and dampen the influence of precipitation. The enhanced discharge for drainage basins with less precipitation but steep topography in the western Qilian Mountains will enable fluvial incision to keep pace with ongoing uplift caused by the northward growth of the Qilian Mountains. The geomorphic implications are that tectonic rather than climatic factors are more significant for long-term landscape evolution in arid and semi-arid contexts.  相似文献   

17.
利用拉脊山地区1983~1995年水准资料,结合1999~2007年、2009~2014年GPS数据对拉脊山断裂带西段进行三维地壳形变分析。拉脊山断裂带西段垂直运动速率约为1±0.5 mm/a,表明该段处于隆升状态;与GPS数据显示出的水平挤压一致,拉脊山地区仍处于地壳水平挤压缩短状态,2008年之后断层两侧差异运动更加明显,地壳缩短速率增加并表现出明显的左旋走滑分量,与卫星影像解译和野外地质地貌调查结果一致。拉脊山断裂西段受挤压环境控制下的构造变形现今仍在持续进行,同时受全新世活动的日月山断裂右旋挤压应力影响。该地段是地震孕育的敏感部位,应该引起关注。  相似文献   

18.
The interaction between fluvial and aeolian processes can significantly change surface morphology of the Earth. Taking the Horqin Sandy Land as the research area and using Landsat series satellite remote sensing images, this study utilizes geomorphology and landscape ecology to monitor and analyze the aeolian geomorphology characteristics of the Horqin Sandy Land. Results show that the sand dunes of the Horqin Sandy Land are mainly distributed on alluvial plains along the banks of the mainstream and tributaries of the Western Liao River, and the sand dune types tend to simplify from west to east and from south to north. The aeolian geomorphology coverage tend to be decreasing in the past 40 years, with an average annual change rate of 0.31%. While the area of traveling dunes decreased, the area of fixed and semi-fixed dunes increased. The fractal dimensions of various types of sand dune have all remained relatively constant between 1.07 and 1.10, suggesting that they are experiencing a relatively stable evolutionary process. There is a complex interaction between fluvial and aeolian processes of the Horqin Sandy Land, which plays a central role in surface landscape molding. Sand dunes on both sides of different rivers on the Horqin Sandy Land present certain regularity and different characteristics in terms of morphology, developmental scale, and spatial pattern. There are six fluvial-aeolian interaction modes in this area: supply of sand sources by rivers for sand dune development, complete obstruction of dune migration by rivers, partial obstruction of dune migration by rivers, influence of river valleys on dune developmental types on both sides, influence of river valleys on dune developmental scale on both sides, and river diversion due to obstruction and forcing by sand dunes. This study deepens our understanding of the surface process mechanism of the interaction between fluvial and aeolian processes in semi-arid regions, and provides a basis for researches on regional landscape responses in the context of global environmental change.  相似文献   

19.
Introduction In the Alakananda Basin, undulating terrain constitutes the most fragile elements of the ecosystem. Traditional economy rests on the terraced cultivation with extremely limited viability to expansion and modernization. Consequently, low economic return remains the characteristic feature of the agrarian landscape. It is the common experience that the ecological conditions of the basin are more suited to fruit cultivation rather than cereal farming (Atkinson 1889). Along with frui…  相似文献   

20.
Land subsidence is a complex geological phenomenon which is concerned by the researchers at home and abroad.In this paper,the observation data from Anshan Second Order Leveling during 1987 - 1994,combined with the area of environmental engineering geology and geological conditions analysis shows that land subsidence in Anshan City is closely related to active tectonics,Quaternary strata and groundwater exploitation.  相似文献   

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