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土地质量地球化学评价数据库是以土壤地球化学调查为主,同时开展大气干(湿)沉降物、灌溉水、化肥及农作物等介质的地球化学调查数据和分析数据资料为基础,利用MapGIS软件管理编制成果图件;利用Access数据库管理规范成果数据;利用中国地调局发展研究中心下发的《土地质量地球化学调查与评价数据录入子系统》将数据资料数字化,从而建立评价数据库。数据库内容包括区域地理地质、地形地貌、土壤类型及土地利用等基础空间数据库;包括采样介质的工作区采样布置、单元素地球化学图、土壤元素分级图及大气环境、灌溉水环境、土壤质量、土地质量综合等级图为核心的空间评价数据库;包括土地规划图、特色农产品种植规划建议图、施肥建议图等各种成果图件。数据库实现了对样品及相应的众多的化验分析数据的科学有效的管理,便于数据的统一保存、分析和使用,为评价区土地质量地球化学调查评价和总体综合研究提供了基础资料,为促进农业经济规划调整,现代绿色农业发展和优化、特色土地资源开发与利用提供重要依据。 相似文献
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Urban Construction Land Suitability Evaluation Based on Improved Multi-criteria Evaluation Based on GIS （MCE-GIS）： Case of New Hefei City,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Urban construction land suitability evaluation （UCLSE） is a complex system engineering and the basis for rational use of the limited urban land resources in China. It has an important practical value on urban construction land use planning and management from the angle of methodology. As a widely used technique, traditional multi-criteria evaluation based on GIS （MCE-GIS）, is not suitable for UCLSE. This study develops an improved MCE-GIS method which could be more suitable for UCLSE based on urban complex ecological system theory and the summary of the shortcomings of traditional MCE-GIS. The improvements include three aspects： a composite evaluation index system rather than natural indexes alone, an index weight calculated by using fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） method rather than the common AHP method, and the integrated overlay rule, which includes selecting the minimum value, weighted linear combination （WLC） and simple summation. The main advantage of this improved technique is that it can make UCLSE more comprehensive, more operational and more reasonable. It can provide a scientific basis for decision making in the planning and management of urban construction land use. The improved MCE-GIS system has been adopted in the New Hefei City, Anhui Province, China. Based on the results of UCLSE in New Hefei, three functional areas including construction-appropriate areas, construction-restricted areas and construction-forbidden areas could be worked out, in which 36.90% of the total study area could be developed as urban construction land and the remaining 63.10% should be protected as reserves land or as ecological land. Furthermore, the results can orovide scientific decision suooort for spatial planning and eco-environment nrotection in New Hefei. 相似文献
3.
基于可持续性视角的建设用地适宜性评价及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建设用地适宜性是土地资源利用与管理决策的依据。本文基于土地利用可持续性界定建设用地适宜性内涵,从灾害风险、地形地貌、生态环境和区位条件4个维度,构建了较规范的适宜性指标体系;针对已有评价方法的不足,构建了整合极值法、条件函数法、线性加权综合的“多要素分布式算法——情景矩阵”评估框架;进而基于适宜性识别冲突空间,以空间冲突面积占总建设用地面积的比重作为空间冲突强度来刻画区域建设空间布局的合理性与可持续性。本文以新疆玛纳斯县为例开展研究,结果表明玛纳斯县适宜建设空间（达230 km2以上）约占全县总面积的26%;最适宜和比较适宜性建设用地主要分布于中部及中北部乡镇及农（团）场驻地附近,基本适宜建设区主要分布在比较适宜建设空间的外围及中南部山前平原地带;该县冲突空间达4.21 km2,占建成区面积的22.74‰;冲突空间主要分布在河流沿岸和中部城镇化发展区;南部、北部的生态脆弱区及中部工业化发展区的乡镇空间冲突强度也较高。研究表明,本文提出的建设用地适宜性评估框架与方法逼近客观现实,简单易行,能弥补以往评价方法的不足;适宜性在空间冲突分析与可持续性土地利用管理中具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
4.
Assessing suitability of rural settlements using an improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Land suitability assessment is a prerequisite phase in land use planning; it guides toward optimal land use by providing information on the opportunities and constraints involved in the use of a given land area. A geographic information system-based procedure, known as rural settlement suitability evaluation (RSSE) using an improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), was adopted to determine the most suitable area for constructing rural settlements in different geographical locations. Given the distribution and independence of rural settlements, a distinctive evaluation criteria system that differed from that of urban suitability was established by considering the level of rural infrastructure services as well as living and working conditions. The unpredictable mutual interference among evaluation factors has been found in practical works. An improved TOPSIS using Mahalanobis distance was applied to solve the unpredictable correlation among the criteria in a suitability evaluation. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses obtained via Monte Carlo simulation were performed to examine the robustness of the model. Daye, a resource-based city with rapid economic development, unsatisfied rural development, and geological environmental problems caused by mining, was used as a case study. Results indicate the following findings: 1) The RSSE model using the improved TOPSIS can assess the suitability of rural settlements, and the suitability maps generated using the improved TOPSIS have higher information density than those generated using traditional TOPSIS. The robustness of the model is improved, and the uncertainty is reduced in the suitability results. 2) Highly suitable land is mainly distributed in the northeast of the study area, and the majority of which is cultivated land, thereby leading to tremendous pressure on the loss of cultivated land. 3) Lastly, 12.54% of the constructive expansion permitted zone and 8.36% of the constructive expansion conditionally permitted zone are situated in an unsuitable area, which indicates that the general planning of Daye lacks the necessary verification of suitability evaluation. Guidance is provided on the development strategy of rural settlement patches to support decision making in general land use planning. 相似文献
5.
我国土地利用总体规划编制的历史较短,经验尚不丰富,有关基础理论和编制方法还处于探索阶段。结合新一轮规划修编情况,认为应该注意基础数据的准确性,要有对上一轮规划实施情况的科学评价、对社会经济发展战略的科学定位和对各类用地规模的科学预测,要注意与城市规划等其他规划之间的协调与衔接,还要注重规划修编的开放性等问题。济南市在规划修编过程中总结以往规划存在的问题,提出了动态规划方案的新思路、控制指标的弹性管理方法及规划实施的机制创新途径。 相似文献
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京津冀都市圈城乡建设用地空间扩张特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文采用1990、2000、2006 年3 期多源影像数据、基础地理数据、DEM数据、社会经济统计数据及其他相关资料, 采用遥感信息提取GIS 空间分析及土地科学相关模型等综合研究方法, 首次提取近20 多年来京津冀都市圈城乡建设用地的空间信息(误差在10%以内), 并分析了城乡建设用地变化的幅度、速度、空间增长格局及其相关性。结果表明, 京津冀都市圈城乡建设用地总面积持续增加, 1990-2006 年, 建设用地年平均变化率为2.81%;建设用地年变化速率较大的地区是唐山、保定、石家庄, 大于全区平均变化率。京津冀都市圈城镇用地空间增长格局中, 70%左右的新增城镇用地分布在城中心40km范围内, 80%以上的新增建设用地集中在高速公路沿线20km范围内, 并且新增城镇用地呈现沿城市中心、高速公路向外扩张的趋势。城乡建设用地增长具有较为明显的集聚特征。它们为京津冀地区土地利用规划及生态环境研究提供一定的科学数据和决策借鉴。 相似文献
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《中国地理科学(英文版)》2019,(6)
The contradiction between the shortage of land for agriculture due to rapid expansion of industrialization and urbanization and increasing population pressure is projected to impose great threats to future food security.Agricultural land suitability evaluation is an effective approach to improve the utilization of land resources for crop production and thus enhance the capacity of food provision.In this study, we evaluated the land suitability for agriculture of the production space in the Taihang Mountains by three steps: establishing indicator system, determining weights for indicators, and constructing a fuzzy matter-element model to assess the grades of suitability.Results showed that the land suitability had a significant linear correlation with potential crop yields, indicating our evaluation was effective to predict crop production.The spatial pattern of land suitability for crop production demonstrated that land with higher suitability was generally located in piedmont plains and basins, while land with lower suitability was mostly situated in mountainous areas.The area of highly, moderately, marginally suitable and unsuitable land for agriculture was 32.13%, 28.58%, 37.49% and 1.80% of the production space, respectively.However, the correlation degree analysis indicated that the requirements of these four suitability grades were currently not satisfied but could be potentially fulfilled.In terms of indicator weights, soil properties were much more important than topography and location conditions to influence the grades of suitability.Among all indicators, slope, soil organic matter, soil texture and soil depth were the most influential factors, so slope farming prevention and organic fertilization were most likely to improve land suitability for agriculture.Compared the outputs of our land suitability evaluation model with the distribution of the existing croplands, we found that about 66.52% of marginally suitable and 54.55% of unsuitable land for agriculture were currently used for croplands.Therefore, de-farming policy should be implemented in areas of these two suitability grades.In contrast, cropland expansion was encouraged in the land that was highly or moderately suitable for agriculture.Our evaluation of agricultural land suitability is beneficial for future land use planning and decision-making in the Taihang Mountains. 相似文献
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利津县城区内的"城中村"因长期以来管理混乱,存在基础设施薄弱,安全隐患较多;缺乏整体规划,乱搭乱建严重;村庄建设与管理滞后,土地利用率不高等问题。为进一步缓解城市建设用地紧张的局面,提高"城中村"土地利用率,建议以坚持思想先导、规划先行、依法行政、建管结合、配套跟进等方式,采用加强组织领导、坚持科学规划、加强土地管理、制定工作方案、做好保障工作、制定扶持政策等措施,力争建设城市化的新利津。 相似文献
9.
1IN T R O D U C T IO N Timely up-gradatnig ofurban landuse and landcoverin- formationisessentialforurban environmentalmonitor- ing,planningand management purposes.Traditionall,y fieldsurveyand visualinterpretatiofnrom aerialphotog- raphy areprimary ways t… 相似文献
10.
在乡村振兴战略背景下,在镇域尺度上构建适宜性评价指标体系,划定高标准农田建设分区,用以指导商店镇高标准农田项目的建设方向。以适宜性评价、障碍度模型为研究方法,研究结果显示商店镇高标准农田建设适宜性一级区主要分布在镇域的中南部地区,二级区基本环绕在一级区外侧,三级区分散于镇域各地,以镇域北部居多,有城镇发展的需求,较不适宜建设高标准农田。商店镇高标准农田建设的障碍因子主要包括耕地连片度、灌溉保证率、盐渍化、有机质含量以及乡镇建设需求。耕地连片度、盐渍化、有机质含量以及乡镇建设需求这4个建设障碍问题在镇域北部都明显存在;镇域东部主要表现为盐渍化问题与耕地连片度,在东部地区高标准农田建设时需重点解决;南部主要存在耕地连片度与灌溉保证率的问题,需加大农田基础设施建设。商店镇高标准农田建设可划分为优先建设区、重点发展区与后备保留区,基于障碍因素进一步细化为12个分区,总体来说,商店镇高标准农田建设南部以完善农田基础设施建设、改良土壤为主,北部地区整治方向为规模化整治、促进农业产业化发展。 相似文献
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加权栅格叠加分析是GIS空间分析中最常用的方法之一,该文首先对其演进历程进行了回顾,分析了其存在的抵消和极值埋没问题,并介绍了现有的改进模型——位序加权平均法及其不足。然后基于变权理论,提出了变权栅格叠加方法,以应对上述问题。该方法根据各叠加图层的初始权重及叠加栅格的像元值,通过一定规则对极值像元进行惩罚型、激励型或混合型变权,可以在一定程度上克服抵消问题,并凸显个别极值栅格的效应,比较适合于选址、建设用地适宜性评价、生态敏感性评价、景观评价等需要重视极大或极小值的叠加分析,是现有常权栅格叠加的有效补充。最后以湖北网湖湿地周边城镇的生态敏感性评价为例,基于局部激励型变权规则,进行了案例研究,证实了变权栅格叠加方法的有效性。 相似文献
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Rudraprayag in Garhwal Himalayan division is one of the most vulnerable districts to landslides in India. Heavy rainfall, steep slope and developmental activities are important factors for the occurrence of landslides in the district. Therefore, specific assessment of landslide susceptibility and its accuracy at regional level is essential for disaster management and proper land use planning. The article evaluates effectiveness of frequency ratio, fuzzy logic and logistic regression models for assessing landslide susceptibility in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand state, India. A landslide inventory map was prepared and verified by field data. Fourteen landslide parameters and generated inventory map were utilized to prepare landslide susceptibility maps through frequency ratio, fuzzy logic and logistic regression models. Landslide susceptibility maps generated through these models were classified into very high, high, medium, low and very low categories using natural breaks classification. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, spatially agreed area approach and seed cell area index (SCAI) method were used to validate the landslide models. Validation results revealed that fuzzy logic model was found to be more effective in assessing landslide susceptibility in the study area. The landslide susceptibility map generated through fuzzy logic model can be best utilized for landslide disaster management and effective land use planning. 相似文献
15.
Evaluation of the production-living-ecology space function suitability of Pingshan County in the Taihang mountainous area,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《山地科学学报》2020,17(10):2562-2576
A rational utilization of land is a matter of importance in sustainable development of mountainous area. The land function in mountainous areas has a close connection with space structure of ecology, production and living. To promote a harmonious development of the relationship between people and nature in mountainous areas, it is necessary to coordinate their relationships of space functions. Suitability evaluation of basic unit function associated with multi-scale space analysis is a prerequisite to a reasonable optimization of land function structure. In this study, an optimized evaluation index system of combination functions was introduced into the assessment of ecological spatial functional suitability in ecological fragile regions by adding three indicators, namely, soil erosion sensitivity, landscape ecological risk and ecological sensitivity. The principle of "taking high"(referred to a function with high suitability to be regarded as the main function of an evaluation unit) and ecological priority(referred to the case, supposing the suitability of a unit's three functions is consistent, the main function is determined to be the ecological function) were used to determine the main function of an evaluation unit. Pingshan County, China, located at the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountain, was targeted in this case study. The production-livingecology space(PLES) function in Pingshan was identified by applying our improved valuation indexes. Further, the functional suitability distribution of the combination of elements was obtained by using overlapping comprehensive analysis method, considering the tradeoff of the functional suitability of combination elements. The regions suitable for production/living were distributed in relatively flat piedmont plains, whereas the regions suitable for ecology were distributed in the mountain areas of middle and low altitudes. Therefore, to maintain a sustainable development in mountainous areas, an improved scheme of development for Pingshan should be to delineate ecologically fragile areas, to build ecological industrial parks near existing scenic spots, to protect basic agricultural production areas, and to increase investment in science and technology, including reasonable ecological compensation. This study can provide reference for the planning of sustainable development in the Taihang Mountain area and similar regions. 相似文献
16.
城市土地利用优化配置分析应用——以济南市为例 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对城市土地资源进行优化配置,提高城市土地利用的集约程度,是当前城市土地利用研究领域中的热点问题。本文以济南市为研究区,通过构建系统动力学模型对济南市土地利用的数量结构进行预测,在此基础上,利用ArcGIS软件的二次开发语言编写程序,实现了济南市土地利用的空间优化配置,为济南市城市内部土地资源的合理开发与利用,提供决策参考。 相似文献
17.
Investigation on landslide phenomenon is necessary for understanding and delineating the landslide prone and safer places for different land use practices. On this basis, a new model known as genetic algorithm for the rule set production was applied in order to assess its efficacy to obtain a better result and a more precise landslide susceptibility map in Klijanerestagh area of Iran. This study considered twelve landslide conditioning factors (LCF) like altitude, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), distance from rivers, faults, and roads, land use/cover, and lithology. For modeling purpose, the Genetic Algorithm for the Rule Set Production (GARP) algorithm was applied in order to produce the landslide susceptibility map. Finally, to evaluate the efficacy of the GARP model, receiver operating characteristics curve as well as the Kappa index were employed. Based on these indices, the GARP model predicted the probability of future landslide incidences with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC) values of 0.932, and 0.907 for training and validating datasets, respectively. In addition, Kappa values for the training and validating datasets were computed as 0.775, and 0.716, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the GARP algorithm can be a new but effective method for generating landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs). Furthermore, higher contribution of the lithology, distance from roads, and distance from faults was observed, while lower contribution was attributed to soil, profile curvature, and TWI factors. The introduced methodology in this paper can be suggested for other areas with similar topographical and hydrogeological characteristics for land use planning and reducing the landslide damages. 相似文献
18.
开展特定区域水稻种植产业布局是科学制定区域农业种植产业规划的重要内容,而水稻种植适宜性评价是水稻种植产业布局的前提。本文以中国好粮油示范县——福建省浦城县为研究区,基于层次分析模型构建土壤条件、立地条件、灌排条件、气候条件和机械耕作条件5大类共21个指标的水稻种植适宜性评价体系,利用地学模型、回归模型和空间插值等方法计算、模拟评价指标空间分布数据,形成5 m×5 m分辨率的评价指标栅格数据集,基于经验指数法建立适宜度指数模型,开展精细尺度下的水稻种植环境综合适宜性评价。利用实测样点水稻产量与水稻种植环境综合适宜度指数进行分析,发现二者呈显著正相关,验证了本研究评价工作的正确性和可行性。最后利用K-means属性聚类法识别研究区水稻种植多维环境适宜性的空间模式。结果表明：① 研究区水稻种植高度适宜、较适宜、中度适宜耕地面积占全县耕地面积的84.4%,次适宜耕地仅占15.6%,耕地整体适宜性较高;② Ⅰ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性和各类指标适宜性均较高;Ⅱ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较高,但灌排条件适宜性很低;Ⅲ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较高,但立地、土壤条件适宜性较低;Ⅳ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较低,灌排条件适宜性最低。本研究可为水稻种植适宜性评价提供方法借鉴,并为浦城县更合理科学地开展农业种植规划提供依据。 相似文献
19.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(3):724-739
The increasing demand for infrastructural facilities in hill areas needs efficient spatial planning at the local level through land suitability assessment,which is influenced by a number of factors. There has been little systematic empirical work for identification and evaluation of the factors affecting spatial planning decisions in hill areas. The present study focuses on identifying the critical factors for land suitability assessment at the local level in hill areas and determining their percentage influence, which has been done in two stages. In the first stage, the comprehensive list of 21 factors from the reported literature was prepared which was further condensed to the critical factors. In the second stage, the percentage influence of the critical factors was calculated by analyzing the experts' opinions collected through a questionnaire survey. Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was used for the analysis of the questionnaire for weighting the critical factors. The slope was identified with the highest weight followed by aspect, surface runoff, elevation, and vegetation,whereas groundwater table, existing utilities,accessibility, soil type, and land use have comparatively less weights. The results of the study were used for the identification of locations for builtup facilities of an educational campus located in hill areas of Himachal Pradesh, India. 相似文献
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60年来,利用我国各种地质地球物理数据,结合野外考察,运用块体构造学说编制了中国海陆1∶500万地质地球物理系列图。其从理论基础、方法技术上,实现中国海陆地质地球物理数据的融合;系统地反映出我国海陆基础地质调查与研究现状及大地构造格架;同时展示古生代以来中国海陆各块体的发育、运移、拼接和联合大陆的形成过程,以及印支运动后中国大陆由"东高西低"转为目前"西高东低"的演化规律。另外,通过系列图件的编制与建库,为我国矿产资源勘探及资源环境效应研究提供了基础图件数据。 相似文献