共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model, DEM）是一种至关重要的空间信息,广泛应用于各行各业。其中,ASTER GDEM与SRTM几乎覆盖了全球陆域,为地学研究提供了非常实用的高程数据支撑,但是由于二者传感器采集数据原理的不同,使得高程数据在不同地貌条件下的高程精度亦存在程度不一的误差。本文提出了一种新型的基于地貌特征的DEM融合方法,使得融合GDEM与SRTM后的DEM数据,消除了地貌特征的影响、显著地提高了DEM质量。该方法主要分为地理配准和高程融合2个步骤：①基于河流线对等线性地貌特征的位置数据,构建了GDEM与SRTM的水平偏移相关的误差评价函数,采用多级网格搜索法求得DEM间的水平偏移距离,实现对DEM的配准;②按照DEM高程值在不同地貌单元及边界线附近的高程变化特征,建立地貌分区的高程融合模型来融合两种地理配准后的DEM高程,尤其是实现了地貌单元边界线附近的高程平滑过渡。本文以怀柔北部地区为实验区,以1:5万地形图为参考,对2种DEM数据进行融合,统计结果表明：① 融合DEM在各地貌单元的误差均显著下降,地形表达较之融合前更加精确;② 高程差呈现正态分布,明显区别于融合前DEM不对称的多峰分布形态,说明地貌影响被有效地剔除;③ GDEM和SRTM数据的精度对坡度有较大依赖性,融合后DEM的精度在不同坡度范围下均优于GDEM和SRTM,显著降低了融合前DEM对坡度的依赖程度;④ 在不同坡向下,GDEM和SRTM的RMSE取值波动较大,融合DEM的RMSE取值在各方向表现稳定,高程精度较GDEM和SRTM有显著提高。 相似文献
2.
中国地貌基本形态DEM的自动划分研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
我国1∶100万的数字高程模型,是在1∶5万及1∶10万基本地形图上,高精度采集方里网交点高程所构建的1km分辨率地面高程数字矩阵。本文利用该DEM数据及其所派生的多种地貌信息进行地貌形态类型自动划分的技术方法。实验提取地形起伏度、地表切割度、地表粗糙度、高程变异系数、平均坡度、平均高程6个地形因子,并将各因子置于不同的信息层面中,通过主成分分析,ISODATA非监督分类法与Bayesian最大似然监督分类法相结合,对中国地貌的基本形态进行了多维信息综合分类。研究结果表明:①我国1∶100万比例尺DEM在宏观地貌分类方面具有重要的价值和应用潜力;②所提取的地形因子能宏观地反映我国地形的起伏特征,为地貌形态分类提供重要的依据;③采用ISODATA非监督分类法与Bayesian最大似然监督分类法,能有效地实现我国地貌基本形态类型的定量化、自动化划分;④依据数据的统计特征进行分类,较合理地解决了类型模糊的形态实体的归类问题。实验结果不仅揭示了此项技术在地貌形态分类中的巨大潜力,同时对于完善DEM数字地形分析的理论与方法也具有重要的意义。 相似文献
3.
数字高程模型精度评定的基本理论 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26
在剖析随机误差与逼近误差区别的基础上 ,指出数字高程模型 (DEM)内插误差属于逼近误差 ,精度评价方法不应继续延用“中误差”概念 ,而应采用“逼近误差”,给出了常用 DEM内插方法的误差评定模型 ,分析了等高线间距对 DEM内插精度影响的作用机制 ,最后解释了 DEM精度分析中用“中误差”概念无法解释的几个问题。 相似文献
4.
Topographic characteristics for the geomorphologic zones in the northwestern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Based on geomorphologic and digital elevation model （DEM） data, the topographic characteristics of the northwestern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are analyzed. Five representative peaks are first determined according to the topographic profile maps for the ridge and piedmont lines, and then the topographic gradient characteristics are analyzed according to the representative topographic profile acquisition method. Based on the geomorphologic database data, the regions between the ridge and the piedmont lines are divided into four geomorphologic zones; and the topographic characteristics are finally analyzed for the different geomorphologic zones regions using the DEM data. The research results show that from the piedmont to the ridge, there exist four geomorphologic zones： arid, fluvial, periglacial and glacial. The arid has the lowest elevation, topographic gradient, relief and slope characteristics. The fluvial has lower elevation and the highest topographic gradient, but with lower relief and slope characteristics. With higher elevation, the periglcial has lower topographic gradient, but the highest relief and slope characteristics. The glacial has the highest elevation with higher topographic gradient, relief and slope characteristics. 相似文献
5.
DEM地表形态精度分析理论与方法的建立,对DEM数据的生产和广泛应用具有重要意义。本文从局地坡面形态的凸凹性角度,剖析规则格网DEM格网点位置、格网分辨率对DEM局地坡面凸凹性的影响,以期进一步完善和发展DEM质量分析的理论与方法。论文首先阐述了DEM局地坡面凸凹性的基本概念,研究建立了规则格网DEM的局地坡面凸凹性量化分析方法,并以黄土丘陵5、10、15、25、……、155 m DEM为例,采用比较分析方法研究了局地坡面凸凹性随DEM格网点位置和格网分辨率的变化特征。研究表明:对于本研究中的1:5万DEM,10 m(跃变率≤0.3%)是其最佳的格网分辨率阈值,当DEM实际格网分辨率高于该阈值时,实际DEM与最佳格网分辨率DEM具有近乎相同的局地坡面凸凹性,主要在正地形与负地形的过渡区域会发生不同程度的坡面凸凹性变化;当DEM实际格网分辨率低于该阈值时,实际DEM的局地坡面凸凹性,会随着DEM格网点布设位置和DEM格网分辨率发生较大的不确定性变化。 相似文献
6.
This paper describes a geographic information system(GIS)-based method for observing changes in topography caused by the initiation, transport, and deposition of debris flows using highresolution light detection and ranging(LiDAR) digital elevation models(DEMs) obtained before and after the debris flow events. The paper also describes a method for estimating the volume of debris flows using the differences between the LiDAR DEMs. The relative and absolute positioning accuracies of the LiDAR DEMs were evaluated using a real-time precise global navigation satellite system(GNSS) positioning method. In addition, longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of the study area were constructed to determine the topographic changes caused by the debris flows. The volume of the debris flows was estimated based on the difference between the LiDAR DEMs. The accuracies of the relative and absolute positioning of the two LiDAR DEMs were determined to be ±10 cm and ±11 cm RMSE, respectively, which demonstrates the efficiency of the method for determining topographic changes at an scale equivalent to that of field investigations. Based on the topographic changes, the volume of the debris flows in the study area was estimated to be 3747 m3, which is comparable with the volume estimated based on the data from field investigations. 相似文献
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8.
Digital elevation model(DEM) is the most popular product for three-dimensional(3D) digital representation of bare Earth surface and can be produced by many techniques with different characteristics and ground sampling distances(GSD). Space-borne optical and synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imaging are two of the most preferred and modern techniques for DEM generation. Using them, global DEMs that cover almost entire Earth are produced with low cost and time saving processing. In this study, we aimed to assess the Satellite pour l'observation de la Terre-5(SPOT-5), High Resolution Stereoscopic(HRS), the Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER), and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM) C-band global DEMs, produced with space-borne optical and SAR imaging. For the assessment, a reference DEM derived from 1∶1000 scaled digital photogrammetric maps was used. The study is performed in 100 km2 study area in Istanbul including various land classes such as open land, forest, built-up land, scrub and rough terrain obtained from Landsat data. The analyses were realized considering three vertical accuracy types as fundamental, supplemental, and consolidated, defined by national digital elevation program(NDEP) of USA. The results showed that, vertical accuracy of SRTM C-band DEM is better than optical models in all three accuracy types despite having the largest grid spacing. The result of SPOT-5 HRS DEM is very close by SRTM and superior in comparison with ASTER models. 相似文献
9.
传统的地形变化检测方法忽略了DEM误差的空间自相关性,针对此问题,本文提出了顾及DEM误差空间自相关的地形变化检测方法。首先,通过2期DEM相减得到差值DEM（DoD）,并通过蒙特卡罗方法评估DEM的误差空间分布;其次,基于DEM误差空间分布图,通过误差传播公式计算DoD误差,并使用半变异函数分析其空间自相关程度;最后,在误差空间自相关分析和显著性检测的基础上计算地形变化量（体积）和对应的误差限。本文在4个黄土小流域进行了实验,结果表明：无人机摄影测量DEM的高程误差存在一定程度的空间自相关,通过光束平差蒙特卡罗方法可以模拟无人机摄影测量DEM的误差空间分布;在进行地形变化检测时,使用误差空间分布代替中误差进行地形变化检测有效降低了检测结果对显著性阈值的敏感性;显著性阈值从68%提高到95%时,使用误差空间分布的检测结果损失的观测值比使用中误差低5.39%~6.75%。顾及空间自相关的地形变化检测方法能够更加科学、精确地量化地形变化特征,也可有效地应用于地表变形监测、流域侵蚀监测、输沙量评估等领域。 相似文献
10.
地形是在内外营力的共同作用之下综合形成的,不同类型的地形具有不同的起伏形态特征,从全局或宏观的观测视角,可以视觉感知到这种地形起伏及其特征规律。纹理是众多物体表面呈现的有规律的线条组合,DEM作为地形的数据表达,不同地形类型区域的起伏形态具有纹理的显著表征。目前,对于DEM纹理研究主要是从DEM影像认知的角度出发,利用图像纹理的计算方法进行地形纹理对象描述和指标的提取,并基于获取的纹理对象进行区域地形特征分析和地貌类型的分类,在视觉上的反映存在不足。DEM起伏纹理作为一种基于某种观测视角和尺度的地形要素组合对象,首先需要对其进行系统的视觉认知,明确基于视觉认知的DEM起伏纹理构成要素和不同视觉变量控制的纹理要素组合结构,通过实现DEM起伏纹理的多维可视化建模,达到DEM数字地形建模的抽象与简化。基于此,本文以DEM地形起伏纹理为研究对象,对DEM起伏纹理进行视觉认知,明确DEM起伏纹理的涵义并建立提取方法,使用建立的方法实现了DEM起伏纹理的提取,取得了较好的提取效果。从视觉感知的机制出发,确定了决定视觉感知结果的视觉变量组合。确定了包含景深、长度和邻域等用于视觉综合的参数,设计建立了多变量的DEM起伏纹理消隐方法。最后设置视觉变量并使用该方法实现了DEM起伏纹理的消隐,消隐后DEM起伏纹理的数量分别降低了45.2%和53.2%,视觉上也取得了较理想的结果,具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
11.
Ying-kui Li 《山地科学学报》2018,15(5):939-947
Topographic shielding (TS) is an important factor in cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating. The development of geographic information systems (GIS) and the availability of digital elevation models (DEMs) make it possible to derive this factor directly from a DEM. Most available GIS models derive the TS factors for an area (all cells in a DEM) without the consideration of surface conditions of individual sites, such as the strike, dip, and height above ground, into the calculation. This paper presents a new GIS model to derive the TS factors for discrete sample sites. This model uses the Skyline and Skyline Graph functions in ArcGIS to extract the set of azimuth and elevation angles of topographic obstructions around each site from a DEM (considering the sample height above ground) and then incorporates the strike and dip information of the sample surface to derive the TS factor. All processing tools and steps are streamlined in ArcGIS modelbuilder and this model can be run like a standard ArcGIS geoprocessing tool. It provides an easy and user-friendly means to derive the TS factors for discrete samples based on a DEM and the measured strike, dip and sample height for each site. 相似文献
12.
汶川地震地质灾害遥感调查与空间特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用多源遥感数据、DEM数据和地形图等资料,对汶川地震地质灾害遥感进行了解译和调查。查明了汶川县境内地震地质灾害体的位置、类型、规模、边界等形态特征;论述了地震崩滑地质灾害溃滑型、溃崩型、抛射型、剥皮型、震裂型遥感影像特征;分析了汶川县境内地震地质灾害与地震断裂带、河谷地貌、高程、坡度、岩性等空间分布关系。研究表明,多源数据在地震地质灾害详细调查中具有采集范围广、速度快,可解译程度高、时效性高等优势,能较快、较好地应用于地震地质灾害突发性、区域性地震地质灾害遥感调查工作。 相似文献
13.
利用遥感图像进行岩性分类,是遥感地质应用的重要方面之一.本文运用ASTER DEM提取地形因子,并与原始的光谱图像相结合用于遥感图像的岩性单元分类.文章分析了不同尺度的地形因子对岩性单元分类的作用,并进一步分析和比较各种地形因子对岩性单元分类的作用.结果表明,在岩性单元分类过程中加入不同的地形因子可不同程度地提高岩性单... 相似文献
14.
YANG Ying-hui CHEN Qiang LIU Guo-xiang Li Zhi-lin CHENG Hai-qin Liu Li-yao 《山地科学学报》2013,10(5):790-800
In order to overcome the limitation of cross correlation coregistration method for Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) interferometric pairs with low coherence,a new image coregistration algorithm based on Fringe Definition Detection(FDD) is presented in this paper.The Fourier transformation was utilized to obtain spectrum characteristics of interferometric fringes.The ratio between spectrum mean and peak was proposed as the evaluation index for identifying homologous pixels from interferometric images.The satellites ERS-1/2 C-band SAR acquisitions covering the Yangtze River plain delta,eastern China and ALOS/PALSAR L-band images over the Longmen Shan mountainous area,southwestern China were respectively employed in the experiment to validate the proposed coregistration method.The testing results suggested that the derived Digital Elevation Model(DEM) from FDD method had good agreement with that from the cross correlation method as well as the reference DEM at high coherence area.However,The FDD method achieved a totally improved topographic mapping accuracy by 24 percent in comparison to the cross correlation method.The FDD method also showed better robustness and achieved relatively higher performance for SAR image coregistration in mountainous areas with low coherence. 相似文献
15.
Atsuko NONOMURA Shuichi HASEGAWA Hideo MATSUMOTO Mari TAKAHASHI Mina MASUMOTO Kazuhito FUJISAWA 《山地科学学报》2019,(1):95-107
To mitigate the damage caused by debris flows resulting from heavy precipitation and to aid in evacuation plan preparation, areas at risk should be mapped on a scale appropriate for affected individuals and communities. We tested the effectiveness of simply identifying debris-flow hazards through automated derivation of surface curvatures using LiDAR digital elevation models. We achieved useful correspondence between plan curvatures and areas of existing debris-flow damage in two localities in Japan using the analysis of digital elevation models(DEMs). We found that plan curvatures derived from 10 m DEMs may be useful to indicate areas that are susceptible to debris flow in mountainous areas. In residential areas located on gentle sloping debris flow fans, the greatest damage to houses was found to be located in the elongated depressions that are connected to mountain stream valleys. Plan curvaturederived from 5 m DEM was the most sensitive indicators for susceptibility to debris flows. 相似文献
16.
One-sided ascending or descending Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR） stereoradargrammetry has limited accuracy of topographic mapping due to the short spatial baseline（-100 km） and small intersection angle. In order to improve the performance and reliability of generating digital elevation model（DEM） from spaceborne SAR radargrammetry, an exploration of two-sided stereoradargrammetry from the combination of ascending and descending orbits with geometric configuration of long spatial baseline（-1000 km） was conducted in this study. The slant-range geometry between SAR sensors to the earth surface and the Doppler positioning equations were employed to establish the stereoscopic intersection model. The measurement uncertainty of two-sided radargrammetric elevation was estimated on the basis of radar parallax of homogeneous points between input SAR images. Two stereo-pairs of ALOS/PALSAR（Advanced Land Observing Satellite/Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar） acquisitions with the orbital separation almost 1080 km over the west Sichuan foreland basin with rolling topography in southwestern China were employed in the study to obtain the up-to-date terrain data after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake that hit this area. Thequantitative accuracy assessment of two-sided radargrammetric DEM was performed with reference to field GPS observations. The experimental results show that the elevation accuracy reaches 5.5 m without ground control points（GCPs） used, and the accuracy is further improved to 1.5 m with only one GPS GCP used as the least constraint. The theoretical analysis and testing results demonstrate that the twosided long baseline SAR radargrammetry from the ascending and descending orbits can be a very promising technical alternative for large-area and high accuracy topographic mapping. 相似文献
17.
梯田作为黄土高原最为典型的人工地貌之一,有重要的农业生产和水土保持价值。传统的梯田自动提取仅限于梯田所在区域的范围划定,未能对梯田田坎线实现有效的自动化提取。鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于光照晕渲模拟的梯田快速提取方法。首先,对无人机航测生成的1 m分辨率的数字高程模型（DEM）进行4个方向的光照晕渲模拟,并相加取平均值;然后,通过适当的阈值对均值图像进行二值化,并掩膜掉沟谷等非梯田区域;最后,基于二值化图像自动矢量化得到梯田田坎线,并通过适当的长度阈值进行碎线过滤提高提取精度。本文以陕西省长武县王东沟流域为实验样区进行了实验,结果表明,该方法提取结果的准确率为89.09%,具有较好的提取精度。此外,对该方法涉及到的参数进行了讨论,表明光照模拟的方向角采用2个正交的对称方向对、高度角采用田坎坡度的反正切值、二值化阈值采用t=180-σ的经验公式,可以满足黄土高原的梯田自动快速提取。 相似文献
18.
Subtraction of elevation datasets(e.g. digital elevation models(DEMs) and non-continuous elevation points) acquired at different times is a useful method to monitor landform surface change. Due to heavy post-processing of these elevation datasets, multi-source errors are introduced into the resulting elevation data products. To improve the estimation of elevation change, co-registration of elevation datasets is a prerequisite. This paper presents an open-source automated GIS tool(arc Pycor) for co-registering elevation datasets. arc Pycor is coded in Python 2.7 and is run via Arc GIS for Desktop. The performances of arc Pycor have been evaluated using a series of experiments. In benchmark tests, the resolved co-registration vectors of arc Pycor are compared to the predefined shift vectors obtained by artificially misaligning the slave DEMs from the master elevation datasets. Results show that arc Pycor is able to co-register DEMs with relative high accuracy and can well align slave DEMs to non-continuous elevation points, which indicates its robustness in co-registering of elevation datasets. arc Pycor is also able to co-register multi-sourced DEMs of different resolutions in mountain areas. 相似文献
19.
南极洲被巨厚冰雪覆盖,地质构造以南极横断山脉为界,总体分为东南极地盾和西南极活动带。数字高程模型（DEM）是研究南极冰盖变化的基础数据之一。通过多期次数字高程模型相比较获得高程的变化信息,是分析南极冰盖厚度变化和物质平衡的重要手段。然而不同类型DEM之间存的平面误差和垂直误差影响分析结果的精度。首先利用配准消除DEM间的水平误差,然后计算并按坡度提取CryoSat DEM与其他DEM的平均高程差和标准差,最后分析高程差的时空变化特征。通过分析发现,DEM之间存在不同的平面误差。其中TanDEM_X DEM与CryoSat DEM的高程平面偏差最小,而ICESat DEM与CryoSat DEM的高程平面偏差最大。在垂直方向上,0°~1°的坡度范围内,CryoSat DEM与TanDEM_X DEM的平均高程差在3.5~5.5 m之间,标准差小于18.0 m;CryoSat DEM和Bamber 1km DEM的平均高程差在-2.5~+1.0 m之间,标准差小于24.2 m;CryoSat DEM与ICESat DEM的平均高程差在-25.0~-1.0 m之间,标准差小于47.2 m;CryoSat DEM与RAMPv2 DEM的平均高程差在1.3~3.2 m之间,标准差小于45.6 m。通过研究发现南极冰盖内部高程增加,但西南极冰盖和东南极冰盖高程均在降低,且西南极降低明显,同时南极边缘地区高程降低明显。本研究为全球变化研究和南极物质平衡研究提供了重要参考。 相似文献
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在全球变化背景下,湖泊水文的动态变化不仅是评估和预测气候与环境变化的重要指示剂,同时对社会可持续发展、水资源的开发与利用、生态文明建设等产生重要影响。湖泊水文的动态变化受到湖滨及湖底地形的控制,数字高程模型（DEM）成为湖泊水文研究的重要数据源。随着遥测技术的发展,高分辨率、区域/全球大尺度DEM数据的获取手段快速发展、数据源不断丰富,DEM对推动湖泊水文动态研究进展起到了关键作用。本文首先基于Web of Science平台对DEM在湖泊水文动态研究中的相关文献进行了分析,阐述了该主题现有研究在发文时间、发文数量增减态势、研究区域与热点地区、文献所涉及的DEM数据等方面的特点。接着,围绕着DEM在湖泊水文动态的研究中4个主要方向：湖泊水域变化、湖泊水位变化、湖泊水量变化、湖泊水文灾害情势,重点总结：DEM与其他遥感观测平台、实地观测及模型模拟等多源数据的融合策略,数字地形分析与水文学分析、遥感影像分析等方法的集成策略,以及DEM数据不确定性等对湖泊水文变化研究的影响。最后,本文论述了目前DEM在湖泊水文研究中存在的关键问题,并结合技术发展趋势和研究热点问题,提出了可能的解决路径和未来的研究前景。 相似文献