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1.
Due to the deterioration of the Parakou—Malanville highway, the preparation of a rehabilitation program was necessary. The related geotechnical exploration provided an excellent opportunity to study the properties of the encountered lateritic soils. The mineralogical analysis proved that the lateritic overburden originates from the local rocks. However, the analyses also indicated that the soils can only be identified as lateritic by virtue of their hematite content. The soils were classified according to the AASHO-system and their geotechnical properties were thoroughly investigated. The results revealed that the overwhelming majority of the available soils was unsuitable for highway construction due to their high plasticity. In order to improve them, cement stabilization was suggested. The laboratory tests resulted in an economically feasible solution. 相似文献
2.
在大连新港油罐区的建设中,发现了一种具有高孔隙性、高含水量、高塑性、中低压缩性的特殊土。作者对这种土及其母岩的矿物学、岩石学、地球化学、物理化学和工程特性进行了系统研究,揭示了该区红粘土及其工程特性的形成机理,该区红粘土乃是蒙脱石化的粗玄岩,在中温带气候区红土花作用的产物。 相似文献
3.
Changes in plasticity characteristics of three soils upon drying are examined in this paper. These changes are attributed to aggregation of particles. The key characteristic evaluated was the impact of drying temperature on the index properties, compaction characteristics and California bearing ratio. The study found the effect of drying strongly depended on soil type, mineralogy or presence of cementing agents. The observed changes are found to be permanent and the implications are that these changes may affect the field performance of test soils. 相似文献
4.
Kolawole J. Osinubi Charles M. O. Nwaiwu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(5):603-611
Specimens prepared from three lateritic soil samples were subjected to drying under laboratory conditions. Volumetric shrinkage
strains were measured at the end of the drying period. Results of this study indicate that, for the lateritic soils tested,
volumetric shrinkage strains are influenced by soil composition and compaction conditions. Volumetric shrinkage strain increased
with higher compaction water content. The influence of compaction water content on measured volumetric shrinkage strain was
more pronounced in specimens with higher fines content. A regression equation was developed from the data to estimate volumetric
shrinkage strain given the compaction water content relative to optimum, plasticity index, fines content and compactive effort. 相似文献
5.
Alain Le Kouby Antoine Guimond-Barrett Philippe Reiffsteck Anne Pantet 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(3):1463-1474
Nowadays, improving the strength and deformation properties of soft soils by deep soil mixing is a commonly used technique. There is also an increasing interest in the use of this technique for foundation/structural elements and excavation retaining walls applications. The compressive strength and elastic modulus of the soil mix material are key parameters in the design of these structures. However, there is very limited information available on the impact of exposure to air drying (in the case of retaining wall) on the strength and stiffness of cement stabilized soils. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different curing conditions (immersion in water, cycles of wetting and drying, continuous air drying) on the mechanical properties of soils treated with cement in the laboratory. Free–free resonance tests and unconfined compression tests were performed on specimens of silt and sand treated with blastfurnace slag cement. Strength increases more rapidly than stiffness between 7 and 30 days. The strength of stabilized soils submitted to cyclic wetting and drying before the cement hydration process is complete continues to increase. As long as the periods of drying do not induce microcracks, the stiffness of the treated soil specimens also increases with time. However, the stiffness is lower than for the specimens cured in water indicating a disruptive effect of the imposed wetting–drying cycles on stiffness. Continuous exposure to air drying inhibits strength development due to insufficient water for hydration. Significant stiffness decreases were observed on specimens of stabilized silt and are attributed to microcracking. 相似文献
6.
Expansive soils exhibit large volume changes when their water content changes. Alternate heave and settlement due to seasonal
climatic variations result in distress and damage in civil infrastructure systems. This research focuses on the understanding
of swelling and shrinkage phenomenon in the surface layer of expansive soils. Undisturbed field samples were used to capture
the effect of in situ conditions (geologically induced fissuring and environmentally caused saturation) on volume change properties of Regina clay.
Based on laboratory investigations, the swelling potential and swelling pressure of the native clay at S = 82% were found to be 1.5% and 3.5 kPa, respectively. The swell-shrink path during progressive soil drying followed an S-shaped curve comprising of an initial low structural shrinkage followed by a sharp decline during normal shrinkage and then
by a low decrease during residual shrinkage. The soil microstructure correlated well with the observed volume change behaviour
as well as with the consistency limits. The presence of fissures in field samples at various degrees of saturation confirmed
that the investigated deposit is at an equilibrium condition with respect to the swell-shrink phenomenon. The swelling properties
at any initial saturation state were estimated using the free swelling test and the swell-shrink test data in conjunction.
The swelling potential increased 12 times (from 2 to 24%) and the swelling pressure increased by two orders of magnitude (from
27 to 2500 kPa) with a change in the degree of saturation from 80% (at the plastic limit) to 60% (at the shrinkage limit). 相似文献
7.
Lateritic soils which have been described as highly weathered tropical or subtropical residual soils were studied with an attempt to establish its suitability or otherwise as sustainable material in building bricks and housing development that will meet the present challenge of sustaining the environment without costing too much and maintaining a high standard of strength, durability and aesthetics. Index properties of the tested lateritic soils revealed them as mostly well graded, comprising both cohesive (silt and clay) and cohesionless (sand and gravel) soil fraction. The geotechnical analyses on the studied lateritic soil revealed a strong compressive strength with a relatively sound dry density which could guarantee a good durability in resulting bricks made from these soil materials. Further test on the strength and durability of the compressed earth bricks (CEBs) made from these lateritic soils revealed a brick with compressive strength ranging between 6.33 and 15.57 MPa which is considered to be of good strength coupled with its sound durability strength established over a period of more than one year under a complete cycle of weather and seasonal conditions. In conclusion, lateritic soils from the study area were found to be suitable as materials for bricks (CEB) with good compressive and durability strength which qualifies them as sustainable and cost-effective materials for low-cost housing development. 相似文献
8.
非饱和土中土-水之间的相互作用可区分为毛细作用和吸附作用,已有的非饱和土力学特性的研究大都局限于较低吸力、毛细作用占优范围。实践中由于环境的变化,地表土体常经历干湿循环及处在低含水率、高吸力状态,此时吸附作用占优。针对高岭土-河砂配制的非膨胀性黏性土,采用饱和盐溶液蒸汽平衡法,从脱湿和吸湿两种吸力路径下对土体施加高吸力。测试了高吸力下土体的强度和变形特性,试验中选用了0（接近无侧限）、25、50、100 kPa共4组小围压。试验结果表明,高吸力下土体表现为应变软化型破坏和剪胀性。随着围压的施加,土体从沿纵向开裂的张裂破坏过渡为剪切破坏。验证了修正后的Bishop非饱和土强度公式不适用于描述高吸力时峰值抗剪强度的变化,得到了高吸力下峰值抗剪强度可用相对于净应力的临界状态强度和剪胀作用来表示。分析发现,高吸力时土体的抗剪强度和比表面积直接相关,吸力对土体抗剪强度的作用取决于土体集聚体组构的形成和发展程度及其导致的剪胀作用。 相似文献
9.
Joan Anne Walsh 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(3-4):561-569
This research identifies the changes which takes place in roofing slate due to natural exposure and tries to replicate these changes experimentally. Traditional methods of testing, used by the British and other national standards, concentrate on the properties of unweathered samples and give no information on the relative durability of the different slates. Instead of concentrating on the initial properties, this research focuses on changes in the properties in order to assess durability. The effects of natural weathering were assessed by comparing old, used slates with new slates from the same or a similar source. The new slates were then weathered experimentally by repeated cycles of wetting and drying, and the increase in water absorbency compared with that observed in naturally weathering. Mineralogical differences due to both natural and experimental weathering were also measured using X-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that the effects of experimental weathering, using repeated cycles of wetting and drying, are similar to those observed in natural weathering. These include increased water absorbency and loss of crystallinity of the principal minerals. The greatest changes are found in those slates which are the most vulnerable to weathering, making it possible to identify poor quality slates. 相似文献
10.
The climatic zones where residual soils occur are often characterized by alternate wet and dry seasons. Laboratory studies
of earlier workers have established that the alternate wetting and drying process affects the swell-shrink potentials, water
content, void ratio and particle cementation of expansive soils. The influence of cyclic wetting and drying on the collapse
behaviour of residual soils has not been examined. This paper examines the influence of alternate wetting and drying on the
collapse behaviour of compacted residual soil specimens from Bangalore District. Results of such a study are useful in anticipating
changes in collapse behaviour of compacted residual soil fills. Experimental results indicated that the cyclic wetting and
drying process increased the degree of expansiveness of the residual soils and reduced their collapse tendency. Changes in
the swell/collapse behaviour of compacted residual soil specimens from wetting drying effects are attributed to reduction
in water content, void ratio and possible growth of cementation bonds. 相似文献
11.
Etienne Balan Thierry Allard Madeleine Sélo François Chabaux Georges Calas 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(9):2193-2204
The content of radiation-induced defects (RIDs) in kaolinite samples originating from lateritic soils and continental detritic sediments of the middle Amazon Basin (Brazil) is investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance. The paleodose registered by kaolinites ranges from 80 to 900 kGy. Present-day dose rates of radiation, determined from the whole-rock U and Th content, range between 4000 and 40,000 mGy/ka. In most samples, U and Th concentrations are correlated, suggesting that U has not been remobilized by lateritization. This observation is consistent with the fact that ∼80% of the total U content is incorporated in resistant minerals, such as zircon and Ti oxides. The heterogeneous distribution of U, observed by induced fission tracks mapping, makes it possible to neglect the α-radiation contribution of the U decay chains in the dose-rate calculation. The interpretation of the measured content of RIDs in kaolinite is then performed using the calculated present-day dose rate and assuming equilibrium in the radioactive decay chains. For the sedimentary samples, the amount of RIDs is broadly correlated to the dose rate and provides apparent absolute ages older than 20 Ma. The RID contents in kaolinites from the lateritic soils provide apparent ages ranging from 10 to 6 Ma. The high RID content of these lateritic kaolinites shows that their chemical, isotopic, and crystallographic properties are not representative of present-day weathering conditions. Models assuming the “dynamical equilibrium” of kaolinites with local physical-chemical conditions prevailing in lateritic soils are thus questionable. Alternatively, our findings bring strong support for the use of the isotopic composition of kaolinites to decipher continental paleo-climates. 相似文献
12.
Geochemistry of soils of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica: Implications for pedogenesis in cold polar regions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fine fractions of soils on the Barton Peninsula, King George Island, West Antarctica have been forming during the last 6000 yr since the last deglaciation. Texturally, they are mostly composed of mineral and rock fragments with some volcanic ashes, which are also indicated by geochemical compositions representing for the nonclay silicate minerals and low values of chemical index of alteration. No significant changes are observed in major- and trace element abundances. Such geochemical characteristics suggest that chemical weathering of bedrocks on the Barton Peninsula seems insignificant and that the soils are composed of physically weathered mineral and rock fragments which are mixed with eolian additions of volcanic ashes and Patagonian dusts. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns of the Barton Peninsula soils are slightly different from those of bedrocks, indicating that the REE abundances and characteristics were influenced by eolian additions. Mixing calculations, which mass-balance the REEs, suggest that volcanic ashes blown from Deception Island were the major eolian contributor, followed by atmospheric dusts sourced from Patagonia, South America. Even in the warmer and humid climatic conditions in the maritime Antarctic region, the chemical weathering of bedrocks appears to be insignificant, probably due to the relatively short duration of weathering since the last deglaciation. 相似文献
13.
Meissa Fall Auckpath Sawangsuriya Craig H. Benson Tuncer B. Edil Peter J. Bosscher 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(1):13-35
Investigations on the mechanical behavior of compacted gravel lateritic soils have been the subject of several studies. Used
as road materials, soils tests were mainly performed using standard tests. Static loads as unconfined compression test (UCT)
remain the only engineering approach used. Alternative testing techniques can be chosen as supplementary tests for characterizing
pavement materials. These researches were conducted so as to determine the response of these particular and problematic soils
in its compacted form with road traffic loads. This paper presents the results of research conducted to investigate the effect
of the soil compacity on the resilient modulus of lateritic soils. The influence of the percentage of cement added so as to
stabilize each sample at the optimum modified proctor (OPM) State was also determined. Soil big specimens of around 180 mm
diameter (with length to diameter aspect ratio of 2:1) were prepared according to the standard procedure described by AASHTO
T 307 and then were subjected to repeated load triaxial tests. The models used, analyzed and developed in this paper are mainly
the Andrei and the Uzan–Witczak universal model. Test results showed that the specimen compacity has no significant influence
on the resilient modulus of the investigated gravel lateritic soils. Soil specimens with variation of the percentage of cement
added exhibited the highest resilient modulus values while the specimens with variation of the compacity exhibited the lowest
values. The resilient modulus variation seems to be independent of the level of stress. 相似文献
14.
多次干湿循环后土-水特征曲线的模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目前对于土体的干湿循环过程中变形、强度变化规律研究较多,而对经过多次干湿循环后土-水特征曲线的试验研究较少。由于吸力平衡需要时间太长,对干湿循环过程中土-水特征曲线的研究也多限于单次的干湿循环试验。但考虑到实际岩土工程中气候条件的多变性和自然环境的复杂性,一般土体均要经历多次干湿循环,因此,对多次干湿循环后的土-水特性曲线研究显得非常重要。结合已有的试验数据总结脱湿曲线与吸湿曲线随着干湿循环次数的变化规律,通过引入一个与干湿循环次数有关的函数,提出能预测多次干湿循环后土-水特征曲线的方法。本方法仅需土-水特征曲线的首次干湿循环脱湿与吸湿曲线和塑性指数,就可以预测多次干湿循环后的土-水特征曲线。 相似文献
15.
Large quantities of leachate-contaminated lateritic soil results from dump yards in the southwest coast of India. These dump yards receive large quantities of municipal solid waste which includes chemical, industrial and biomedical wastes. Large areas of land are currently being used for this purpose. An extensive laboratory testing program was carried out to determine the compaction characteristics and hydraulic conductivity of clean and contaminated lateritic soil. Batch tests were used to study the immediate effect of leachate contamination on the properties of lateritic soil. Contaminated specimens were prepared by mixing the lateritic soil with leachate in the amount of 5%, 10% and 20% by weight to vary the degree of contamination. The results indicated a small reduction in maximum dry density and an increase in hydraulic conductivity due to leachate-contamination. The change induced by chemical reaction in the microstructure of the soil was studied by scanning electron microscope before and after contamination of soil with leachate. The structure of the leachate contaminated soil sample appeared to be aggregated in scanning electron microscope analysis. The aggregated structure increases the effective pore space and thus increases the hydraulic conductivity. Fifty percent increase in hydraulic conductivity was observed for specimens prepared at standard Proctor density and mixed with 20% leachate. Compaction characteristics did not change much with the presence of leachate up to 10%. With 20% leachate the maximum dry density decreased slightly indicating excess leachate in the soil. However the changes are not significant. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents a case study of the analysis and design of slopes for the portal of an underground crude oil storage cavern site. The site selected for the slope study is characterized by residual soils and granitic rock formations, located in the southwestern part of India. It is observed that in tropical residual soils, most hillslope failures are caused by rainfall and thus it is important to consider hydrological conditions when attempting to analyze the stability of slopes in such material. Combinations of shallow slopes with lower overburden and high steep hillslope with large overburden were considered in the present study along with varying combinations of lateritic soils and weathered rock formations. The paper discusses the various investigations carried out to define the geotechnical properties of lateritic soil and weathered rock, followed by numerical modelling and remedial measures adopted to ensure the stability of slopes during design and construction phase. Since analysis and design procedures for such residual soils are not well established, comprehensive geological and geotechnical investigations were carried out prior to numerical model development for carrying out finite element studies in order to ascertain long term stability of slopes under differing ground conditions. The results of the stability analysis indicated that slope under existing condition were potentially unstable under rainy conditions and specific supporting measures were planned to ensure stability. Several alternatives were examined for improving the stability of slope taking into consideration existing facilities, space available for mobilization of equipments and environmental conditions in reference to specific project requirements. The convergence pattern obtained from geotechnical monitoring using optical targets along the slopes did not showed any alarming movement for over a year. 相似文献
17.
玄武岩风化是大气CO2 的一个主要碳汇过程,气候条件是影响玄武岩风化和固碳速率的重要因素。该文选择中国东
部不同气候带的新生代玄武岩典型风化剖面,进行了粘土矿物和常量元素分析。结果显示,在内蒙古-海南岛的采样区间内,
随着气候条件由干冷向暖湿转化,风化剖面中粘土矿物组合呈现蒙脱石+ 伊利石+ 高岭石→蒙脱石+ 高岭石→高岭石+ 三水
铝石的转变。剖面中土壤元素得失状况也显示出相应的规律,由于存在粉尘输入与风化淋滤作用的综合影响,在干冷的内
蒙古地区,粉尘对于Ca,K,Na,Si 等元素的输入量大于这些元素的淋失量;在山东地区,Ca,K,Na 元素开始快速淋失,
大于粉尘的输入量;在苏皖地区,Si 元素的淋失量开始小于粉尘输入量;而在湿热的海南地区,风化作用强烈,Si显示出
大量淋失的特点,碱性元素几乎全部流失。根据元素的相对得失率和北方粉尘平均组分的校正,初步估算了研究区内玄武
岩风化对大气CO2 的消耗速率,其数值在5.37~181.00 t（km2·a）之间,与Dessert 等（2003）的研究结果大致相当。 相似文献
18.
Consoli Nilo Cesar Párraga Morales Durval Saldanha Rodrigo Beck 《Acta Geotechnica》2021,16(5):1473-1486
The presence of lateritic soils occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. The improvement of lateritic soils that are not suitable for a particular purpose through techniques that combine modification of grain size through the insertion of sand, incorporation of Portland cement and densification through compaction is seen as an alternative. In this context, a dosage method to use a local lateritic soil as construction material in a most rational way reducing the economic and environmental impacts related to this activity is still missing. Therefore, the current research aims to evaluate the performance of a lateritic soil via modification of grain size through the insertion of sand, incorporation of Portland cement and densification through compaction. For this, unconfined compression, and durability (wetting and drying) tests were carried out on specimens of compacted clayey gravel lateritic soil, whose granulometry was modified by the insertion of distinct amounts (from zero to 45%) of weathered sand, treated with distinct Portland cement contents (from 4 to 10%), molded at different dry unit weights (from 16.8 to 20.1 kN/m3) and cured for 7 and 28 days. Results of the mechanical tests have shown the significant influence exerted by cement content and dry unit weight of the blend, followed by curing time and finally sand insertion. Satisfactory correlations between the response variables (qu and ALM) and the adjusted porosity/cement index (η/Cv) were obtained. Furthermore, an innovative approach to replacing the laborious durability test is proposed.
相似文献19.
高钙粉煤灰是燃煤电厂排出的固体废物,其堆放不仅需占用大量土地,而且对周围环境存在严重威胁。通过系统的室内试验,着重研究了高钙粉煤灰固化铅与锌污染土的工程性质,揭示了其作用机制,探讨了利用高钙粉煤灰固化重金属污染土的可行性。试验结果表明,土体受到重金属离子污染后其无侧限抗压强度降低,掺入高钙粉煤灰可提高土体强度,并能抑制重金属离子的滤出;污染物浓度较低时,固化污染土中的Pb2+和Zn2+均能得到有效固化,污染物浓度较高时,Zn2+的固化效果优于Pb2+。干湿循环试验结果表明,高钙粉煤灰固化污染土的强度随干湿循环次数的增加,先增大后减小;固化土体中重金属离子浓度较低时,滤出液中金属离子浓度随干湿循环次数增加而增大;重金属离子浓度较高时,滤出液中金属离子浓度基本保持不变。 相似文献
20.
Wei-min Ye Zi-yuan Qi Bao Chen Ji Xie Yu Huang Yao-ru Lu Yu-Jun Cui 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(1):269-276
Karst rocky desertification is a process of land degradation involving serious soil erosion, extensive exposure of basement
rocks. It leads to drastic decrease in soil productivity and formation of a desert-like landscape. In this regard, changes
in climatic conditions are the main origin of the soils degradation. Indeed, soils subjected to successive dry/wet cycling
processes caused by climate change develop swelling and shrinkage deformations which can modify their water retention properties,
thus inducing the degradation of soil–water capacity. The ecological characteristics of cultivation soils in karst areas,
Southwest of China, are extremely easy to be affected by external environmental factors due to its shallow bedding and low
vegetation coverage. Based on the analysis of the climate (precipitation) of this region during the past decades, an experimental
study has been conducted on a cultivated soil obtained from the typical karst area in southwestern China. Firstly, the soil–water
properties have been investigated. The measured soil–water retention curve shows that the air-entry value of the soil is between
50 and 60 kPa, while the residual saturation is about 12%. Based on the experimental results, three identifiable stages of
de-saturation have been defined. Secondly, a special apparatus was developed to investigate the volume change behavior of
the soil with controlled suction cycles. The vapor equilibrium technique was used for the suction control. The obtained results
show that under the effect of dry/wet cycles, (1) the void ratio of the cultivated soil is continuously decreasing, leading
to a gradual soil compaction. (2) The permeability decreases, giving rise to a deterioration of water transfer ability as
well as a deterioration of soil–water retention capacity. It is then obvious that the long-term dry/wet cycling process caused
by the climate change induce a continuously compaction and degradation of the cultivated soil in karst rocky desertification
areas. 相似文献