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1.
研究表明在珠三角目前的污染状况下,至少一半以上的紫外辐射被大气气溶胶衰减,如此大幅度的紫外辐射衰减对城市生态系统和物种化学循环,尤其是臭氧光化学反应过程有重大的影响.利用地面观测的臭氧、紫外辐射、气溶胶辐射特性参数以及辐射和化学模式定量评估了大气气溶胶对地面臭氧影响的显著性.实例分析表明,珠三角大气气溶胶和紫外辐射与臭氧之间的相关性显著,气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）与地面PM10的浓度相关性高达0.98,AOD与相应时次的紫外辐射和臭氧的反相关性明显,相关系数可达-0.9.分析表明气溶胶污染通过衰减紫外辐射可显著降低臭氧的产率,AOD为0.6时臭氧的午间峰值区消失,AOD至1.2时午间峰值区呈下降趋势,造成午间臭氧的生成产率明显降低.目前干季（10,11,12和1月）广州的气溶胶光学厚度AOD550 nm≥0.6（AOD340 nm≥1.0）的出现概率为47%（55%）,珠三角在干季出现臭氧极大值的机会少与严重的气溶胶污染抑制臭氧峰值的出现应有密切的关系.分析表明应用辐射化学模式计算气溶胶的辐射效应时对单散射因子（SSA）十分敏感,表明应用辐射化学模式计算臭氧的产率时应慎重选取合理的单散射因子值. 相似文献
2.
VIIRS(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)作为MODIS(The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)的后继传感器,可在全球范围内实现对气溶胶的连续时空监测.卫星反演的气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)是研究地球能量收支平衡、气候效应和空气质量的重要大气参数.但在中国重污染天气情况下,现有的VIIRS陆地气溶胶产品存在一定不足.因此,本研究改进云识别方法,优化像元筛选,约束气溶胶类型选择,实现重污染情况下AOD的反演.基于地基AERONET(AErosol RObotic NETwork)的验证结果表明,相比NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)产品,改进后的反演结果克服了反演值偏低的问题,且表现出更好的相关性,RMSE从0.236下降到0.219.为验证在重污染条件下改进算法的适用性和准确性,本文对比了两种污染条件下的反演结果(0.61).统计结果表明,在较重污染天气条件下(AODAERONET>1),相比NOAA的AOD产品,本文结果的反演率从32.3%提升为68.8%,回归分析的斜率提高为0.80,相关系数达到0.76,均方根误差为0.307,在增加反演量的同时保证了反演的精度. 相似文献
3.
MODIS卫星遥感气溶胶产品在北京市大气污染研究中的应用 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
利用NASA MODIS气溶胶光学厚度产品与北京市空气污染指数做了长期比较分析, 发现二者的直接对比相关较低; 在引入季节变化的气溶胶标高、考虑了气溶胶的垂直分布后, 二者的相关系数有所提高; 在考虑了湿度影响因子订正后, 二者的相关系数显著提高. 证实卫星遥感气溶胶光学厚度在经过垂直和湿度影响两方面的订正后, 可以作为监测颗粒物污染物地面分布的一个有效手段. 利用 MODIS资料对2004年10月一次污染个例的分析, 表明卫星遥感气溶胶可以细致描绘地面污染事件的形成过程, 发现区域尺度输送和地形因素对北京市空气质量具有显著影响. 高分辨率的反演结果给出北京城区及周边地区气溶胶光学厚度的年平均分布, 表明高分辨率卫星遥感可能在监测颗粒物排放源分布上具有潜在的应用价值. 相似文献
4.
利用AERONET资料对珠三角地区气溶胶物理性质特征进行分析,建立珠三角地区的气溶胶模型,在此基础上,根据RT3 辐射传输模型构建矢量查找表,采用多角度偏振方法从PARASOL L1B数据反演得到细模态气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),最后采用2007-2009年MODIS总的AOD产品和本文的细模态AOD三年的反演结果分析了珠三角地区气溶胶的时间变化和空间分布特征,为深入研究珠三角地区污染物的局地排放和输送提供了条件.结果表明:(1)珠三角地区对流层气溶胶呈双峰型对数正态分布,其中细粒子平均半径主要集中在0.05~0.1,标准方差以0.5、0.6为主,粗粒子平均半径以0.9、1.0为主,标准方差为0.6、0.7,复折射指数实部以1.4、1.5 居多,虚部以0、0.01为主,细粒子所占比例大于70%,珠三角气溶胶呈现出粗颗粒物和细颗粒物并存的特征;(2)PARASOL业务算法中的气溶胶模型在珠三角地区有较大的局限性,引入当地气溶胶模型使细模态AOD的反演精度较卫星产品有了很大提高,细模态AOD主要反映了珠三角地区二次污染的强度;(3)珠三角地区总AOD值春季较大,秋夏季次之,冬季较小,并呈现逐年较小的趋势;(4)珠三角地区细模态AOD也在逐年降低,2009年细模态AOD年均值比2007年低了0.02,在空间分布上,高值地区主要集中在广州、佛山、中山等城市. 相似文献
5.
利用卫星数据遥感陆地气溶胶一直是国际上研究的难点与热点.利用新一代传感器MODIS(中分辨率成像光谱仪)数据,DDV(Dark Dense Vegetation)算法反演陆地气溶胶的分布以及性质已经取得了较好的效果.然而,该算法只适用于诸如水体、浓密植被等较低地表反射率区域,大大限制了该算法的实际应用范围,尤其是无法应用于城市等亮地表区域气溶胶的遥感反演.文中提出了基于利用TERRA和AQUA双星MODIS数据的协同反演模型算法(SYNTAM-Synergy of Terra and Aqua MODIS),用以反演陆地气溶胶的光学厚度等信息.该算法实现了地表反射率与气溶胶光学厚度的同时反演,可应用于各种地表反射率类型,包括城市等亮地表区域.通过与国际AERONET的地面观测数据对比做初步的反演验证,结果表明,该算法具有较高的精度,进一步的验证工作还在继续. 相似文献
6.
MODIS陆地气溶胶遥感反演 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用卫星数据遥感陆地气溶胶一直是国际上研究的难点与热点. 利用新一代传感器MODIS(中分辨率成像光谱仪)数据, DDV(Dark Dense Vegetation)算法反演陆地气溶胶的分布以及性质已经取得了较好的效果. 然而, 该算法只适用于诸如水体、浓密植被等较低地表反射率区域, 大大限制了该算法的实际应用范围, 尤其是无法应用于城市等亮地表区域气溶胶的遥感反演. 文中提出了基于利用TERRA和AQUA双星MODIS数据的协同反演模型算法(SYNTAM-Synergy of Terra and Aqua MODIS), 用以反演陆地气溶胶的光学厚度等信息. 该算法实现了地表反射率与气溶胶光学厚度的同时反演, 可应用于各种地表反射率类型, 包括城市等亮地表区域. 通过与国际AERONET的地面观测数据对比做初步的反演验证, 结果表明, 该算法具有较高的精度, 进一步的验证工作还在继续. 相似文献
7.
EOF模型分析北京周边气溶胶影响域气候变化显著性特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用1979~2000年TOMS气溶胶光学厚度和华北地区气象站日照时数、雾日数、低云量等资料以及EOF模型综合统计分析方法,研究冬季北京及周边城市群落的气溶胶分布特征及其对区域气候的影响效应问题,重点探讨了北京周边区域气候EOF模型特征向量变化显著区与气溶胶影响效应的相关联系.分析多年平均冬季TOMS气溶胶光学厚度的区域分布,发现北京及其南部周边地区“马蹄型”大地形谷地内存在南北向带状大范围相对稳定的气溶胶浓度高值区空间分布;冬季气溶胶光学厚度在北京与周边地区存在高相关影响区,在此气溶胶相互影响显著区,冬季气溶胶光学厚度与雾日数、低云量呈年际变化“同位相”特征,表明特定区域大气环流背景下,北京及周边地区气溶胶变化对该地区低云量、雾日数的年际变化存在影响效应.进一步通过EOF模型特征分析,揭示出华北地区冬季日照时数减少、低云量和雾日数增多气候变化区及其长期演变趋势,尤其EOF模型第一特征向量中日照时数、雾日数及低云量变化显著区与其20世纪80~90年代偏差显著区近似重合,且这些变化特征显著区域均与北京周边南北向带状气溶胶光学厚度高值区及其高相关区呈对应关系;日照时数、雾日数、低云量EOF模型第一特征向量时间系数与区域平均气溶胶光学厚度年际变化呈“同位相”特征,且均呈长期演变上升趋势.EOF模型分析描述出北京南部周边地区冬季日照时数减少、低云量和雾日数增多的区域气候变化主体特征,揭示出区域气溶胶影响效应,即多年平均冬季气溶胶光学厚度高值区以及日照时数、低云量和雾日数EOF模型第一特征向量变化显著区均位于北京南部周边城市群落区域,上述相关分布特征揭示出北京南部周边城市群落影响域存在气溶胶气候效应区域性增强的变化趋势. 相似文献
8.
城市群落大气污染源影响的空间结构及尺度特征 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
以迅速发展的城市群落-北京及周边区域为样本, 利用2003年冬季(2月)、夏季(8月)北京城市大气环境现场科学试验(BECAPEX, Beijing City Air Pollution Observation Experiment)建筑群边界层大气污染动力-化学过程观测资料以及相关的气象要素、卫星反演气溶胶光学厚度等综合资料, 进行“点-面”空间结构动力-统计合成分析, 剖析北京大城市及周边区域大气污染影响域的空间结构及多尺度特征. 结果表明, 冬、夏季不同污染排放源对大气污染成分特征的贡献率具有显著差异, 统计模型主成分分析结果亦表明, 冬季气溶胶颗粒物成分结构以SO2和NOx影响为主; 夏季粒子成分结构则以CO, NOx影响为主. 冬、夏季北京城区不同方位测点近地层大气动力、热力结构及建筑群上边界各类污染物种均具有“同位相”变化及其“影响域”空间尺度特征. 功率谱分析发现冬、夏季颗粒物浓度和大气风场动力结构的周期谱相吻合, 冬季以长周期为主, 夏季则多为短周期, 揭示出冬、夏季大气环流季节性尺度特征对大气污染变化周期特征的影响效应. 分析城市区域热力非均匀性特征, 可发现北京地区热岛多尺度效应与高层建筑群面积非均匀扩展特征存在相关关系. 城市大气动力、热力特征空间结构中城市边界层群筑群湍流尺度特征对城市大气污染多尺度特征具有重要影响. 晴空、稳定天气条件下MODIS气溶胶变分订正分析场和污染源追踪相关合成风矢场综合分析模型均表明, 冬季北京大气污染气溶胶颗粒物的排放源可远距离追溯到北京南部周边的河北、山东及天津等地更大尺度空间范围, 气溶胶指数高值区与北京及周边地区居民户数高值区(采暖面源)空间分布存在关联. 冬、夏季空气质点后向轨迹特征呈类似上述多尺度特征, 且描述出不同季节污染源空间分布的尺度特征差异, 城区大气污染周边源轨迹路径主体来自城市近郊固定工业面源或采暖面源, 且冬季周边污染源扩散输送距离较夏季呈更远的空间尺度, 上述结论描述出城市区域大气污染源影响和大气动力结构引起的多尺度空间影响域及季节性特征. 冬季TOMS气溶胶光学厚度高值区域位于北京地区并向南延伸, 且呈南北向带状分布, 可描述出周边地形分布对区域尺度大气污染源扩散的动力影响效应. 研究分析表明: 北京周边大地形“谷地”内冬季污染程度与南部周边地区的污染排放源密切相关; 北京及周边地区冬季的气溶胶光学厚度和日照时数的“反位相”变化特征显著, 冬季云量、雾日数与气溶胶呈区域尺度相关特征, 反映了该区域尺度气溶胶影响的局地气候效应. 另外, 流域面尺度的大气干、湿沉降分布对密云水库区域尺度空间水体的影响分析亦反映了夏季水、土、气多圈层污染源影响多尺度空间结构对密云水库水质影响的可能性. 相似文献
9.
《中国科学:地球科学》2018,(11)
近年来,伴随污染和城市化进程的加剧,气溶胶辐射效应对城市边界层的影响日益显著.文章以北京地区一次冬季污染过程为例,采用中尺度数值预报模式,在优化辐射方案中气溶胶垂直廓线的基础上验证了模式的有效性,分析了气溶胶对辐射和边界层的影响过程,最后通过敏感性试验探究了气溶胶、城市化和气象要素间的相互关系.结果表明:(1)优化后的模式可以较好地模拟北京地区温度场、湿度场、风场的分布特征.(2)气溶胶在大气中通过削减到达地面的入射短波辐射使地表温度降低,通过对辐射的吸收或后向散射作用,使高层温度升高,温度场的变化使层结稳定性增强,从而减少近地层的能量输送,使边界层高度下降.(3)随着气溶胶光学厚度的增加,乡村地区最易变为稳定层结,郊区较易变为稳定层结,城区最难变为稳定层结,且气溶胶辐射效应、城市下垫面以及二者的共同作用是影响城市边界层气象要素变化的主要原因. 相似文献
10.
美国宇航局于1999年底发射的多角度辐射成像光谱仪（MISR）采用了独特的多角度观测设计,将9台相机沿卫星航迹方向按照固定角度排列并同时采集反射光.这种设计使其具备了当前其他星载气溶胶遥感设备不具备的在陆地和海洋上空反演包括气溶胶浓度、形状以及组分的多种特性的能力.由于对细颗粒物非常敏感,MISR为研究区域颗粒物空气质量的时空分布特性提供了新的数据来源.首先简要介绍MISR设备、它的气溶胶反演算法及数据结构,然后综合论述了目前MISR气溶胶数据在空气质量研究方面的应用状况包括在污染事件（例如沙尘、火灾以及城市空气污染）中对颗粒物空间分布的观测.MISR高质量的气溶胶数据可以作为颗粒物浓度的定量指标,回顾了目前在估算地面颗粒物浓度方面的研究成果,介绍了使用MISR高级数据对烟尘高度以及颗粒物成份的研究.由于中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）的气溶胶数据在中国有较广泛的使用,讨论中尽可能的与之进行了比较.最后总结了MISR数据在空气质量研究中的优点与不足.相信MISR反演的丰富的高度定量化的气溶胶数据对研究中国空气质量问题具有很大的应用价值. 相似文献
11.
The high spatial resolution and temporal observation frequency of HJ-1/CCD make it suitable for aerosol monitoring. However, because of the lack of a shortwave infrared band, it is difficult to use HJ-1/CCD imagery to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD). We developed a new algorithm for HJ-1/CCD AOD retrieval by introducing MODIS surface reflectance outputs (MOD09) as support. In this algorithm HJ-1/CCD blue band surface reflectance was retrieved through MOD09 blue band surface reflectance by band matching of the two sensors. AOD at 550 nm was then generated through a pre-calculated look-up table for HJ-1/CCD. Eighteen HJ-1/CCD images covering the Jing-Jin-Tang (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan) region were used to retrieve AOD using the new algorithm, and the AODs were then validated using AERONET ground measurements in Beijing and Xianghe. The validation shows that compared with AERONET ground measurements, 27/29 AODs have error less than 0.1 in absolute value. 相似文献
12.
The high spatial resolution and temporal observation frequency of HJ-1/CCD make it suitable for aerosol monitoring. However, because of the lack of a shortwave infrared band, it is difficult to use HJ-1/CCD imagery to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD). We developed a new algorithm for HJ-1/CCD AOD retrieval by introducing MODIS surface reflectance outputs (MOD09) as support. In this algorithm HJ-1/CCD blue band surface reflectance was retrieved through MOD09 blue band surface reflectance by band matching of the two sensors. AOD at 550 nm was then generated through a pre-calculated look-up table for HJ-1/CCD. Eighteen HJ-1/CCD images covering the Jing-Jin-Tang (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan) region were used to retrieve AOD using the new algorithm, and the AODs were then validated using AERONET ground measurements in Beijing and Xianghe. The validation shows that compared with AERONET ground measurements, 27/29 AODs have error less than 0.1 in absolute value.
相似文献13.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(6)
Reflectance measurements of both the visible and infrared bands of passive remote sensing sensors are widely used to retrieve aerosol optical depth(AOD) information. This is performed commonly for data obtained over both ocean and land, and these measurements allow for the off line development of a lookup table using radiative transfer models. Owing to molecular and aerosol effects, the reflected light received by the sensor is usually highly polarized. The linear polarization effect may be up to 100%, and the polarization factor of a sensor optical system will change the total intensity as well as the polarization status of the signal reaching the detector. The detector response will be different when the incident light polarization status changes, even if the total intensity remains constant. However, if the polarization calibration is neglected, it will cause obvious errors in the aerosol data retrieval. This is especially true for aerosol optical depth retrieval over an ocean. This measurement relies directly on the reflectance output of the sensor. Cases involving land surfaces are not discussed herein because the inhomogeneous properties conceal the error due to polarization. Taking the 550 and 860 nm bands as examples, the difference between the real top-of-atmosphere(TOA) reflectance and the reflectance reaching the detector is calculated using three different sensor polarization standards according to the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor(Sea Wi FS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) standards. The differences in AOD retrieval are also demonstrated using the lookup table developed previously from a vector radiative transfer code. The results reveal that under a normal situation in which the AOD is 0.15, the maximum AOD retrieval error could reach 0.04 in 550 nm but only 0.02 in 860 nm for the dust aerosol model. For the soot aerosol model, the maximum AOD retrieval error is 0.1 in 550 nm and 0.12 in 860 nm, indicating that the lack of polarization calibration will lead to large errors in aerosol retrieval over an ocean. 相似文献
14.
We present a study on the retrieval sensitivity of the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2) for the Chinese carbon dioxide observation satellite (TanSat) with a full physical forward model and the optimal estimation technique. The forward model is based on the vector linearized discrete ordinate radiative transfer model (VLIDORT) and considers surface reflectance, gas absorption, and the scattering of air molecules, aerosol particles, and cloud particles. XCO2 retrieval errors from synthetic TanSat measurements show solar zenith angle (SZA), albedo dependence with values varying from 0.3 to 1 ppm for bright land surface in nadir mode and 2 to 8 ppm for dark surfaces like snow. The use of glint mode over dark oceans significantly improves the CO2 information retrieved. The aerosol type and profile are more important than the aerosol optical depth, and underestimation of aerosol plume height will introduce a bias of 1.5 ppm in XCO2. The systematic errors due to radiometric calibration are also estimated using a forward model simulation approach. 相似文献
15.
S. Naseema Beegum K. Krishna Moorthy S. Suresh Babu 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(17-18):1846-1857
Six years of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements have been analyzed from a tropical coastal site, Trivandrum (8.55°N, 76.9°E, 3 m msl) to infer on the seasonal changes in the microphysical properties of columnar aerosols, by examining the derivatives of the Angstrom wavelength exponent (α) in the wavelength domain (α′λ) as well as in AOD domain (α′τ) and by retrieving the columnar size distribution by numerical inversion of the AODs. The inference of the changes in the aerosol microphysics drawn from the features of the derivatives α′λ and α′τ is consistent with the pattern revealed by the aerosol properties obtained from the columnar size distributions retrieved from the AOD spectra as well as from the surface measurements of mass-size distributions, which are supported by the back-trajectory cluster analysis and the results of chemical species analysis. 相似文献
16.
Using the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) aerosol optical depth (AOD)data and the sunshine duration, fog days, Iow cloud cover (LCC), etc. meteorological data in 1979-2000 in North China, as well as empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode statistical analyses method, the winter aerosol distributive character of Beijing and peripheral city agglomeration and its influence effect on regional climate are investigated in this paper, especially the relation between aerosol influence effect and distinct change regions of eigenvectors of EOF mode. It is found from analyzing the regional distribution of the long-term averaged winter TOMS AOD that there is a large-scale relatively stable high value zone of aerosol concentration in the valley of the Beijing and peripheral U-shape megarelief. A high correlation area of AOD between Beijing and its southern peripheral exists in winter, and in this significant region of aerosol interaction, there is "in-phase" character of the interannual variations of winter AOD, fog days, and LCCs. It indicates that the variations of aerosol in Beijing and its peripheral areas have impacts on interannual changes of fog days and LCCs in this area. The EOF analyses of the meteorological data further reveal the climate change regions and long-term trends of winter sunshine duration-reducing, and LCC- and fog days-increasing in North China. The areas of significant changes of the first EOF eigenvectors (FEE) of sunshine duration, fog days, LCCs almost superpose on corresponding marked regions of interdecadal differences between the 1990s and 1980s, and all accord with the S-N zonal high value pattern and high correlation region of winter AOD in Beijing and its peripheral areas. Interannual variations of their associated time coefficients (ATC) are in phase with that of regional mean AOD, and both of them have a secular rising trend. Results by EOF mode analyses depict the regional climatic change principal character of winter sunshine duration-reducing, and LCC- and fog days-increasing in peripheral areas to the south of Beijing, and reveal the regional influence effect of aerosol, i.e. the high value zone of long-term averaged winter AOD, significant change regions of FEE of sunshine duration, fog days, and LCC all lie in peripheral city agglomeration to the south of Beijing. These distributive features above suggest that there exists a regional strengthening trend of aerosol climatic effect within influence domain in peripheral city agglomeration to the south of Beijing. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2005,67(16):1524-1532
This work estimates the Ångström turbidity coefficients and investigates the variation of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the Athens area, during different atmospheric conditions. The AOD is estimated in the wavelength band of 400–670 nm from direct-beam spectral irradiance measurements using ground-based instrumentation, during an experimental campaign performed in the period 22 September–1 October 2002. All data were collected under clear-sky conditions near the city center of Athens; the AODs were estimated relative to the local zenith to avoid the influence of the optical air mass. The study shows that the AOD is influenced by wind regime and traffic in the Athens area. The Angstrom's turbidity coefficients and the AOD values were found to be higher under the influence of South-sector winds compared to those from the North-sector. Under South-sector low winds, the pollutants are accumulated in the Athens basin. On the contrary, the North-sector winds clean the atmosphere. 相似文献
18.
Summary Radon (Rn222) profiles were made over southwest Arizona from 300 m to 4km altitude. A temperature inversion near 2000 m and a stable radon concentration averaging 32.0 pc m–3 at 2000 m were characteristic of morning flights. At 300 m there was a definite pattern of high radon concentrations in the early morning and lower concentrations by noon. At 760 m the radon concentration increased between the times of ascent and descent. This pattern resulted from the trapping of radon close to the ground during stable night-time conditions and its subsequent upward dispersal with solar heating. The day-to-day variation in radon concentrations at higher levels cannot be attributed to local upward transport by diffusion but must have resulted from larger scale circulations. Above 2000 m there are no conclusive differences between morning, afternoon and evening profiles. Low concentrations of radon were measured during one late evening profile when there was definite subsidence and advection of drier air into the region. 相似文献