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为深入认识裂缝性地层的双侧向测井响应特征,指导裂缝识别及裂缝参数表征,基于数值仿真开展了井旁裂缝的缩小比例物理模拟.在物理模拟平台构建的基础上,用不同浓度的氯化钠溶液模拟基岩,用不同宽度的镀锌板来模拟高导裂缝,实现测量过程的可视化.通过实验分析井旁裂缝的规模、发育位置和产状等因素对深、浅侧向电阻率的影响.研究表明:在仪器有效探测范围内,垂直缝延伸长度对深浅侧向电阻率的数值影响较小;裂缝离井壁越远,双侧向电阻率明显增大,但深浅侧向电阻率值的降低幅度不同;随着裂缝倾角增大,深侧向电阻率增大,浅侧向电阻率无明显变化,深浅侧向电阻率从负幅度差向正幅度差过渡,但临界角的观测十分困难,应用双侧向测井判断地层产状时,需特别注意其适用条件. 相似文献
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基岩油气藏裂缝性储层具有复杂的储集空间和储层非均质性,为了实现对基岩油气藏储层的精细评价,以地层微电阻率扫描成像测井和井周声波成像测井资料为核心,通过岩心资料标定,结合录井、常规测井、试油、地质等实际资料,系统建立了基岩油气藏变质岩储层的成像测井解释模式.根据成像测井模式的识别实现了对基岩油气藏特征的认识、准确的裂缝分析和现今地应力场分析.分析结果表明,研究区基底变质岩地层中基本以基岩内幕油气藏为主;裂缝以中高角度缝、网状裂缝为主,其主要走向与井旁断层走向大致平行,属纵裂缝;裂缝主要发育在东西两侧靠近断层、近源的构造陡坡上;现今最大水平主应力方向主要呈NE-SW和NEE-SWW.成像测井解释结果与地质情况吻合较好. 相似文献
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为了研究斜井泥浆侵入储层的井周岩石物理特征,采用广义曲线坐标系统模拟斜井泥浆侵入特性,进而研究泥浆侵入过程的阵列侧向测井响应.数值仿真表明,采用广义曲线坐标系消除了笛卡儿坐标系统在斜井边界处网格划分的锯齿现象;储层非均质造成泥浆侵入不均匀,储层渗透性越好,泥浆滤液侵入越深;泥浆滤液侵入使得井周地层饱和度、孔隙水矿化度的分布发生变化,进而造成斜井井周岩石电阻率分布剖面复杂变化;泥浆侵入过程中阵列侧向视电阻率变化以及深浅视电阻率的幅度差异,有效反映了斜井泥浆侵入特性;文中采用了基于Marquardt方法的阵列侧向测井四参数反演,有效恢复了斜井储层侵入剖面,得到了原状地层电阻率.斜井泥浆侵入特征及其阵列侧向测井响应模拟分析,有助于正确认识斜井井周岩石物理特征和利用阵列侧向测井进行斜井储层评价. 相似文献
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在现有侧向测井仪器基础上,提出了一种新型贴井壁式阵列方位侧向测井电极系,该仪器能提供径向和周向方位电阻率测量.该电极系采用贴井壁测量方式,提供5种径向探测深度.利用三维有限元方法模拟了阵列方位侧向测井电极系的井眼影响特性、径向探测特性、纵向分层能力、方位分辨能力,并模拟其对井周地层、水平井非对称泥浆侵入和倾斜地层的响应.在导电泥浆中最大探测深度为1.23m,纵向分辨率为0.3m,可以识别出0.1m薄层,方位分辨率为20°.贴井壁测量时,纵向分辨率不受泥浆和围岩电阻率的影响,能够准确测量井周方位电阻率,较不贴井壁测量具有很大优势,同时利用12条方位电阻率曲线能够反映出水平井泥浆非对称侵入特性,倾斜地层倾角和倾斜方向. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2017,(3)
大斜度井/水平井中,随钻电磁波电阻率测井与双侧向测井由于测量原理不同,引起的测井响应特征有着较大差别。首先依据积分方程法模拟了随钻电磁波电阻率测井在大斜度井/水平井中的测井响应特征,采用三维有限元素法模拟了双侧向测井在大斜度井/水平井中的测井响应特征,然后对比分析了二者在水平地层中的测井响应差异和产生的原因。结果表明,水平井中随钻电磁波电阻率测井和双侧向测井响应差异的主要影响因素有:不同井斜角、地层各向异性、地层界面以及泥浆侵入等。随着相对井斜角的增大,随钻电磁波电阻率测井在地层界面处的测井响应异常大,而双侧向测井在地层界面附近受围岩影响逐渐变得平滑;随着相对井斜角的增加,各向异性的影响逐渐增大,但各向异性对双侧向测井的影响程度要小于对随钻电磁波电阻率的影响。这些差异如不能正确认识将导致水平井解释过程中出现偏差。最后根据实际资料,分析如何这些差异进行水平井测井解释。 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层测井识别及评价技术综述与展望 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
由于碳酸盐岩裂缝发育机制的复杂性,开展碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层的识别与评价一直是测井分析的热点和难点.本文基于大量文献调研,梳理了碳酸盐岩裂缝的定义、成因和分类,系统归纳了碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层的测井响应特征及评价方法,并进行了实例分析.研究表明,常规测井方法对碳酸盐岩裂缝均有不同程度的揭示,基于不同原理的常规测井方法对碳酸岩盐裂缝的响应程度差异显著,利用常规测井方法对碳酸岩盐储层裂缝识别应遵循综合识别原则;碳酸盐岩裂缝成像测井识别方法中,电阻率成像测井、偶极声波测井和核磁共振测井反映裂缝较为直观,但成本高;基于常规测井资料的灰色关联识别方法、神经网络识别方法、小波多尺度识别方法等非线性数学方法,弥补了常规测井和成像测井识别碳酸盐岩裂缝的不足,并且取得较好的应用效果. 相似文献
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塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的测井识别与评价方法研究 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12
塔河油田奥陶系以碳酸盐岩为主，油气的主要储渗空间为裂缝和溶蚀孔洞，具有很强的非均质性．本文利用常规及成像测井资料，对碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的识别与评价方法进行研究．为了综合各种测井方法识别裂缝，建立了综合裂缝概率模型，计算综合裂缝概率指示裂缝的发育程度．利用地层微电阻率扫描成像测井资料进行裂缝和溶蚀孔洞的定性、定量解释．定量计算的裂缝参数为：裂缝密度、裂缝长度、裂缝平均宽度、平均水动力宽度、裂缝视孔隙度；定量计算的溶蚀孔洞参数有：面孔率、孔洞密度．根据缝洞型储层孔隙空间类型及其中子孔隙度、补偿密度、声波、双侧向电阻率的测井响应物性特征，建立缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层复杂孔隙介质解释模型，用于确定裂缝、溶蚀孔洞孔隙度和评价储层． 相似文献
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储层各向异性分析是低渗透岩性油气藏评价与开发方案优化的一项重要研究内容.引起储层各向异性的因素很多,既包括沉积原因引起的不同方向上储层粒度与层理上的差异,也有构造应力差异导致的各向异性.但无论如何,这些因素都会导致储层电阻率在不同方向上的差异.传统上,交叉偶极声波测井是连续获取井周附近各向异性定量信息的唯一来源,而微电阻率扫描成像测井能够提供井周附近不同方位的地层微电阻率变化信息,是刻画储层各向异性的重要手段.本文提出了一种基于微电阻率扫描成像测井定量计算碎屑岩储层各向异性指数的新方法.该方法通过对微扫成像测井记录的数据矩阵滤波、开窗,然后根据成像测井环井周扫描的特点对行和列分别采用调和平均和极值比较等算法得到反映窗长内不同方位上电阻率的极大值与极小值,利用二者的比值作为反映各向异性强弱的系数.通过对不同盆地的多个实例的对比分析,这种方法在块状弱各向异性地层以及裂缝、强挤压应力和煤层等不同因素导致的各向异性评价中,其计算结果与交叉偶极声波、声波扫描测井完全一致,表明该方法能够用于碎屑岩储层各向异性的定量评价.但应该指出的是,这种方法也存在一些不足之处,特别是与阵列声波测井相比,微扫成像测井探测深度较浅,且受井眼状况影响较为显著. 相似文献
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3D laterolog array sonde design and response simulation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A new three-dimensional laterolog array sonde (3D-LS) is presented. The 3DLS is based on existing high-resolution laterolog array and azimuthal resistivity imaging sondes with radial, longitudinal, and circumferential detection abilities. Six investigation modes are designed using the 3D finite-element method and different investigation depths are simulated based on the pseudo-geometrical factor of the six modes. The invasion profile is described using multi-array radial logs. From the analysis of the pseudo-geometrical factor, the investigation depth of the 3D-LS is about 1.5 m for conductive invasion, which is close to that of the dual laterolog tool but greater than that of the highly integrated azimuthal laterolog sonde. The vertical and azimuthal resolution is also analyzed with the same method. The 3DLS can detect low-resistivity anomalies of 0.5 m thickness and 15° around the borehole for infinitely thick formations. This study lays the foundation for more work on 3D laterolog array sonde for evaluating low-resistivity anomalies. 相似文献
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Understanding fracture orientations is important for optimal field development of fractured reservoirs because fractures can act as conduits for fluid flow. This is especially true for unconventional reservoirs (e.g., tight gas sands and shale gas). Using walkaround Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) technology presents a unique opportunity to identify seismic azimuthal anisotropy for use in mapping potential fracture zones and their orientation around a borehole. Saudi Aramco recently completed the acquisition, processing and analysis of a walkaround VSP survey through an unconventional tight gas sand reservoir to help characterize fractures. In this paper, we present the results of the seismic azimuthal anisotropy analysis using seismic traveltime, shear‐wave splitting and amplitude attenuation. The azimuthal anisotropy results are compared to the fracture orientations derived from dipole sonic and image logs. The image log interpretation suggests that an orthorhombic fracture system is present. VSP data show that the P‐wave traveltime anisotropy direction is NE to SW. This is consistent with the cemented fractures from the image log interpretation. The seismic amplitude attenuation anisotropy direction is NW to SE. This is consistent with one of the two orientations obtained using transverse to radial amplitude ratio analysis, with the dipole sonic and with open fracture directions interpreted from image log data. 相似文献
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An exhaustive analysis of 3000 macroscopic fractures encountered in the geothermal Hot Dry Rock borehole, EPS-1, located inside the Rhine graben (Soultz-sous-Forêts, France), was done on a continuous core section over a depth interval from 1420 to 2230 m: 97% of the macroscopic structures were successfully reorientated with a good degree of confidence by comparison between core and acoustic borehole imagery. Detailed structural analysis of the fracture population indicates that fractures are grouped in two principal fractures sets striking N005 and N170 °, and dipping 70 °W and 70 °E, respectively. This average attitude is closely related to the past tectonic rifting activity of the graben during the Tertiary, and is consistent with data obtained from nearby boreholes and from neighbouring crystalline outcrops. Fractures are distributed in clusters of hydrothermally altered and fractured zones. They constitute a complex network of fault strands dominated by N–S trends, except within some of the most fractured depth intervals (1650 m, 2170 m), where an E–W-striking fracture set occurs. The geometry of the pre-existing fracture system strikes in a direction nearly parallel to the maximum horizontal stress. In this favorable situation, hydraulic injections will tend both to reactivate natural fractures at low pressures, and to create a geothermal reservoir. 相似文献
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《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
A full 3-D finite element method numerical modeling program is written based on the principle and technical specification of borehole electric image well logging tool. The response of well logging is computed in the formation media model with a single fracture. The effect of changing fracture aperture and resistivity ratio to the logging response is discussed. The identification ability for two parallel fractures is also present. A quantitative evaluation formula of fracture aperture from borehole electric image logging data is set up. A case study of the model well is done to verify the accuracy of the for-mula. The result indicates that the formula is more accurate than the foreign one. 相似文献
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以水平裂缝分布的孔隙介质模型为基础,建立了水平裂缝面的平行裂缝分布和带粗糙表面的点接触裂缝模型,导出了两类裂缝模型的水平和垂直电阻率响应关系,分析了两类裂缝模型在没有围压和存在围压条件下的水平电阻率、垂直电阻率变化规律和电各向异性系数的变化特征.讨论了裂缝开度、裂缝密度和裂缝粗糙度等裂缝特征参数对裂缝性储层电各向异性的影响.为简化讨论,所有电性响应特征的分析都忽略了裂缝和孔隙表面的导电性和极化的影响.利用平行分布水平裂缝面模型和带粗糙面的裂缝模型,考察了围压条件下的裂缝性岩石的电各向异性响应特征,得到了对实际应用有意义的结果. 相似文献