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1.
利用多种气体开展联合观测是捕捉地震前兆异常的有效途径。氢、汞观测作为地震短临预测主要手段和前兆指标,在揭示地下(断裂带)流体与地震孕育、发生关系中发挥着重要的作用。通过在黑龙江肇东观测井开展断裂带土壤气H2、Hg野外定点联合观测试验,对2019年5月18日吉林松原宁江MS5.1主震及其余震序列的震兆关系进行对比分析,结果表明：(1)断裂带土壤气H2、Hg浓度在宁江MS5.1地震前分别存在3个月的短期异常和3天的临震异常,二者在主震前后表现形式以及频谱特征均存在较大差异,这可能与氢、汞特性和孕震机理有关;(2)断裂带土壤气H2、Hg浓度在宁江MS5.1主震及余震时段均存在高值异常,主要表现为“高值异常—恢复正常—发生主震—震后高值异常—恢复正常—发生较强余震”,具有持续性、可重复性和配套性的特点;(3)吉林松原宁江MS5.1地震前后肇东断裂带土壤气H2、Hg地球化学特征与震中区附近热红外异常具有响应特征,主要表现为... 相似文献
2.
本文采用野外多期跨断层流动观测测定了汤东活动断裂带H2,Rn和CO2的分布特征,以此分析了该断裂带的气体地球化学特征及其活动背景,从而揭示了气体地球化学特征与构造之间的联系。分析结果显示:不同测量期次的H2,Rn和CO2浓度存在显著差异,其中张河村测线的各期次测量结果中6月份各组分气体浓度均显著高于其它期次,而邢李庄测线的测量结果中1月份各组分气体浓度均显著高于其它期次;各测量期次的各气体组分分布曲线特征相似,高值异常点的重现性较好。张河村测线多期测量的H2和Rn浓度背景值分别为（8.93±3.92）×10?6和（17.38±4.28） kBq/m3,在测线西部距汤东主断裂135 m和230 m处H2与Rn同步出现高值异常;邢李庄测线H2和Rn的背景值分别为（41.20±16.64）×10?6和（29.00±8.28） kBq/m3,H2与Rn在测线西部距汤东主断裂60 m处同步出现异常。两测线的气体浓度高值异常部位与地球物理、跨断层联合钻孔详勘结果之间存在较好的对应关系,由此可推断观测气体浓度能够敏感地指示断裂带位置,而且H2和Rn浓度是汤东断裂带气体地球化学观测的关键指标。 相似文献
3.
为研究汤东断裂带土壤气体地球化学特征及其所反映的构造地球化学背景, 采用野外监测的方法分析了张河村与邢李庄村两条测线的土壤H2、 Rn分布特征。 结果表明, 张河村H2浓度、 Rn活度浓度的分布范围分别为0.24×10-6～174.7×10-6、 13.3～69.8 kBq·m-3, 背景值分别为14.26×10-6, 24.8 kBq·m-3。 邢李庄测线H2浓度、 Rn活度浓度的分布范围11.8×10-6～67.06×10-6、 43.6～72.6 kBq·m-3, 背景值分别为37.13×10-6、 72.6 kBq·m-3。 张河村测线在90～105 m处, H2、 Rn出现强烈高值异常, 而120～150 m处出现高值异常。 异常值位于断裂带附近, H2、 Rn气体测值对断裂位置具有良好的指示作用。 气体异常主要受汤东活动断裂构造控制, 汤东断裂下方的深大断裂和汤阴地堑中下地壳的低速体对深部气体释放有重要作用。 相似文献
4.
新保安—沙城断裂带土壤气地球化学特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
测量断裂带土壤气浓度变化, 是监测断裂活动性和地震危险性的重要途径之一。 2014年5月, 我们在怀来地区新保安-沙城断裂测量了断层土壤气H2、 He、 CO2、 Rn、 Hg浓度以及CO2、 Rn、 Hg的通量。 测量结果显示: H2、 He、 CO2、 Rn、 Hg浓度变化范围分别为, H2: (0.4～34.2)×10-6、 He: (2.8～7)×10-6、 CO2: (0.051～1.19)%、 Rn: (0.31～18.22) kBq/m3、 Hg: (2～54) ng/m3。 土壤气H2和Rn是揭示断层位置的有效参数之一, 在断层附近以及有陡坎的地区有明显高值异常。 通过对怀来地区新保安-沙城断裂土壤气浓度及通量地球化学研究初步确定断裂带有较高的脱气强度, 与此区域地震活动性有一定的关系。 相似文献
5.
基于2018年12月4日至2020年8月15日“霍山窗”地区全时段的断裂带土壤气H2的观测资料，根据测量值的分布范围对资料的可靠性进行了评价，对其气象影响因素也做了分析。结合“霍山窗”地区的小震集中活动，分析了断裂带H2异常与小震活动性的关系。结果表明：土地岭—落儿岭断裂带H2浓度前兆异常幅度较大，对观测点所在断裂上的地震活动反应灵敏，映震效果较好。研究区变质岩含有丰富的H2气源，应力积累加速了断裂带内H2的释放，张性断裂为H2的运移提供了良好的通道。 相似文献
6.
由于唐山断裂带土壤气地球化学研究成果相对较少，因此于2017—2018年分3期对唐山断裂带5条分支断裂土壤气浓度（包括Rn、Hg、CO2）和通量（包括Rn、Hg）进行测量，利用土壤气浓度平均值+2倍均方差的方法确定每条断裂异常限。分析结果表明，唐山-古冶断裂和唐山断裂土壤气浓度及通量出现高值异常；2017—2018年ML1.0以上地震多集中在唐山断裂和唐山-古冶断裂，与土壤气异常分布有较好的相关性；土壤气地球化学空间变化特征能反映断裂带的分段活动性。 相似文献
7.
在河北怀涿盆地的郝家坡和小水峪布设两条测线开展了四期土壤气Rn,CO2和Hg的浓度测量,并基于此研究该盆地北缘断裂带南西段和北东段土壤气地球化学特征的空间分布差异及其与断裂活动的关系。结果显示：郝家坡剖面土壤气Rn, CO2和Hg的浓度平均值分别为8 371.16 Bq/m3,0.85%和14.82 ng/m3;小水峪剖面土壤气Rn,CO2和Hg的浓度平均值分别为2 813.18 Bq/m3,0.42%和13.08 ng/m3,可见郝家坡地区土壤气Rn,CO2和Hg的浓度平均值均高于小水峪地区,这种浓度空间分布的差异性可能是断裂活动性和断裂破碎程度不同所致。对区域土壤Hg浓度(total mercury,简称为THg)与土壤气测量浓度的对比分析可知,深层THg浓度与土壤气Rn,CO2和Hg浓度在空间分布上具有一定的一致性,且高值异常点分布于断裂带附近。结合区域定点前兆观测数据及地震活动性分析... 相似文献
8.
河南新郑—太康断裂东段土壤气体地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤气浓度测量能够揭示断裂位置和活动特征。 由于河南新郑—太康断裂北西向隐伏断裂带空间定位精度有待提高, 以及2016年5月该区出现地下逸出气异常的宏观现象, 在太康县西近垂直于断裂走向布设了一条长约13 km的NE—NNE走向的地球化学观测剖面, 用于分析隐伏断层浅层位置及其与地下逸出气宏观异常的关系。 观测结果表明: 该剖面的异常段与该区浅层地震勘探显示的断裂带地表出露位置相吻合, 其中Rn体积活度和H2、 CO2浓度异常揭示出南段有4条断层, 北段有2条断层, 且均具有高角度特征, 南段的CO2浓度异常区与地下逸出气宏观异常位置相符, 但代表构造特征的Rn体积活度和H2浓度没有出现异常, 认为与构造关系不密切。 相似文献
9.
怀安盆地北缘断裂东段土壤气体地球化学特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
活动断裂带的土壤气体地球化学测量在活动断裂危险性评价方面起着重要作用。 本文讨论了怀安盆地北缘断裂东段的土壤气体地球化学特征及其构造意义。 我们于2012年7月和2013年6月在怀安盆地北缘断裂东段的羊窖沟以及张家窑两地现场测量了土壤气体组分的浓度和通量。 测量结果表明: ① 断裂带土壤气H2、 Rn、 CO2和Hg浓度空间分布曲线呈现双峰模式, 且断裂下盘土壤气的Rn、 CO2和Hg浓度较上盘的高; H2、 Rn、 CO2和Hg浓度平均值分别是4.61 ppm、 4.81 k Bqm-3、 0.38%和9 ngm-3; 土壤气Rn和CO2的通量平均值分别是6718 Bqm-2d-1和49.83 gm-2d-1; ② 土壤气Rn和CO2在两个测区脱气强烈, 羊窖沟地区土壤气CO2、 Rn和Hg浓度平均值以及土壤气Rn和CO2通量值较张家窑地区高。 这些结果可能是两个测区断裂活动性差异引起的。 相似文献
10.
岩石磁化率特征可以帮助判断岩石的形成环境,对地震过程中滑动摩擦伴随高温的物理-化学变化具有显著反应.本研究以钻穿龙门山中段构造带的汶川地震断裂科学钻探2号孔(WFSD-2)岩心为研究对象,使用Bartington MS2K磁化率仪对500~2283.56 m深度的岩心进行高分辨率无损磁化率测试,并结合岩性特征和显微结构探讨了龙门山构造带主要岩石单元的磁化率特征及其地震断裂活动的磁学响应.磁化率测试结果表明,由花岗岩和火山碎屑岩组成的彭灌杂岩体的磁化率值(数十到数千个10~(-6)SI)普遍高于上三叠统须家河组沉积岩的磁化率值(数个到数十个10~(-6)SI).从WFSD-2岩性分布来看,彭灌杂岩上下出露四段,其磁化率值特征反映它们属于不同的岩石单元,它们与下伏须家河组地层呈断层接触,构成叠瓦状构造,指示了龙门山构造带具有强烈的地壳缩短作用.断裂带中处于滑动带的断层泥和假玄武玻璃具有高磁化率特征,而断层角砾岩和碎裂岩不具有高磁化率值特征,表明断层岩磁化率增高的原因可能主要与地震断裂滑动摩擦过程中高温作用下发生的磁性矿物转换有关,断层岩中高磁化率异常可作为大地震活动的证据.WFSD-2岩心中的映秀—北川断裂带(600~960 m)可识别出约80条高磁化率异常的断层岩带,揭示映秀—北川断裂带是一条长期活动的断裂带,龙门山构造带形成演化过程中伴随着大地震活动. 相似文献
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The migrating and enriching of fault gas during dynamic load-unload process are important indexes to evaluate the stress state and tectonic activity of underground medium. The Hutubi underground gas storage provides a natural experiment site for the analysis of the relationship between the gas geochemistry and the stress-strain status. In this paper, the soil gas concentrations of Rn, CO2, Hg and H2 during the gas injection in the Hutubi underground gas storage were analyzed. The results show that the soil gas contents and changing trend are close to the background value in the non-reservoir area and fault zone, which may reveal the weak activity of the fault. Significantly higher concentrations of soil gas H2 and Hg are observed in the gas storage area, where H2 maximum reaches 5.551×10-4 and Hg maximum reaches 53ng/m3. Moreover, the abnormal soil gas H2 and Hg measurement locations are more consistent. The variation trends of soil gas Hg, H2, Rn, and CO2may be related to the different gas generation and response mechanisms. The concentrations of soil gas H2 and Hg are sensitive to the variation of pressure and the development of cracks in the underground gas storage, and they can reveal gas injection's effect on fault activity. This study provides a new basis for analyzing the influence of gas injection and withdrawal in Hutubi underground gas storage on fault activity. 相似文献
12.
Ahmed Amara Konaté Heping Pan Huolin Ma Zhen Qin Alhouseiny Traoré 《Acta Geophysica》2017,65(4):683-700
Understanding slip behavior of active fault is a fundamental problem in earthquake investigations. Well logs and cores data provide direct information of physical properties of the fault zones at depth. The geological exploration of the Wenchuan earthquake Scientific Fault drilling project (WFSD) targeted the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault and the Guanxian Anxian fault, respectively. Five boreholes (WFSD-1, WFSD-2, WFSD-3P WFSD-3 and WFSD-4) were drilled and logged with geophysical tools developed for the use in petroleum industry. WFSD-1, WFSD-2 and WFSD-3 in situ logging data have been reported and investigated by geoscientists. Here we present for the first time, the integrated core-log studies in the Northern segment of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault (WFSD-4) thereby characterizing the physical properties of the lithologies(original rocks), fault rocks and the presumed slip zone associated with the Wenchuan earthquake. We also present results from the comparison of WFSD-4 to those obtained from WFSD-1, WFSD-3 and other drilling hole in active faults. This study show that integrated core-log study would help in understanding the slip behavior of active fault. 相似文献
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14.
Internal structure of Longmenshan fault zone at Hongkou outcrop,Sichuan, China,that caused the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper reports the internal structures of the Beichuan fault zone of Longmenshan fault system that caused the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, at an outcrop in Hongkou, Sichuan province, China. Present work is a part of comprehensive project of Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, trying to understand deformation processes in Longmenshan fault zones and eventually to reproduce Wenchuan earthquake by modeling based on measured mechanical and transport properties. Outcrop studies could be integrated with those performed on samples recovered from fault zone drilling, during the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling (WFSD) Project, to understand along-fault and depth variation of fault zone properties. The hanging wall side of the fault zone consists of weakly-foliated, clayey fault gouge of about 1 m in width and of several fault breccia zones of 30–40 m in total width. We could not find any pseudotachylite at this outcrop. Displacement during the Wenchuan earthquake is highly localized within the fault gouge layer along narrower slipping-zones of about 10 to 20 mm in width. This is an important constraint for analyzing thermal pressurization, an important dynamic weakening mechanism of faults. Overlapping patterns of striations on slickenside surface suggest that seismic slip at a given time occurred in even narrower zone of a few to several millimeters, so that localization of deformation must have occurred within a slipping zone during coseismic fault motion. Fault breccia zones are bounded by thin black gouge layers containing amorphous carbon. Fault gouge contains illite and chlorite minerals, but not smectite. Clayey fault gouge next to coseismic slipping zone also contains amorphous carbon and small amounts of graphite. The structural observations and mineralogical data obtained from outcrop exposures of the fault zone of the Wenchuan earthquake can be compared with those obtained from the WFSD-1 and WFSD-2 boreholes, which have been drilled very close to the Hongkou outcrop. The presence of carbon and graphite, observed next to the slipping-zone, may affect the mechanical properties of the fault and also provide useful information about coseismic chemical changes. 相似文献
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STUDY ON THE LATEST ACTIVITY OF WUYUNSHAN-HEFEI FAULT IN HEFEI BASIN,THE WESTERN BRANCH OF THE TANLU FAULT ZONE 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 ZHENG Ying-ping YANG Xiao-ping SHU Peng LU Shuo FANG Liang-hao SHI Jin-hu HUANG Xiong-nan LIU Chun-ru 《地震地质》1979,42(1):50-64
Tanlu fault zone is the largest strike-slip fault system in eastern China. Since it was discovered by aeromagnetics in 1960s, it has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad, and a lot of research has been done on its formation and evolution. At the same time, the Tanlu fault zone is also the main seismic structural zone in China, with an obvious characteristic of segmentation of seismicity. Major earthquakes are mostly concentrated in the Bohai section and Weifang-Jiashan section. For example, the largest earthquake occurring in the Bohai section is M7.4 earthquake, and the largest earthquake occurring in the Weifang-Jiashan section is M8.5 earthquake. Therefore, the research on the active structure of the Tanlu fault zone is mainly concentrated in these two sections. With the deepening of research, some scholars carried out a lot of research on the middle section of Tanlu fault zone, which is distributed in Shandong and northern Jiangsu Province, including five nearly parallel fault systems, i.e. Changyi-Dadian Fault(F1), Baifenzi-Fulaishan Fault(F2), Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F3), Tangwu-Gegou Fault(F4) and Anqiu-Juxian Fault(F5). They find that the faults F3 and F5 are still active since the late Quaternary. In recent years, we have got a further understanding of the geometric distribution, active age and active nature of Fault F5, and found that it is still active in Holocene. At the same time, the latest research on the extension of F5 into Anhui suggests that there is a late Pleistocene-Holocene fault existing near the Huaihe River in Anhui Province.
The Tanlu fault zone extends into Anhui Province and the extension section is completely buried, especially in the Hefei Basin south of Dingyuan. At present, there is little research on the activity of this fault segment, and it is very difficult to study its geometric structure and active nature, and even whether the fault exists has not been clear. Precisely determining the distribution, active properties and the latest active time of the hidden faults under urban areas is of great significance not only for studying the rupture behavior and segmentation characteristics of the southern section of the Tanlu fault zone, but also for providing important basis for urban seismic fortification. By using the method of shallow seismic prospecting and the combined drilling geological section, this paper carries out a detailed exploration and research on the Wuyunshan-Hefei Fault, the west branch fault of Tanlu fault zone buried in Hefei Basin. Four shallow seismic prospecting lines and two rows of joint borehole profiles are laid across the fault in Hefei urban area from north to south. Using 14C, OSL and ESR dating methods, ages of 34 samples of borehole stratigraphic profiles are obtained. The results show that the youngest stratum dislocated by the Wuyunshan-Hefei Fault is the Mesopleistocene blue-gray clay layer, and its activity is characterized by reverse faulting, with a maximum vertical offset of 2.4m. The latest active age is late Mesopleistocene, and the depth of the shallowest upper breaking point is 17m. This study confirms that the west branch of Tanlu fault zone cuts through Hefei Basin and is still active since Quaternary. Its latest activity age in Hefei Basin is late of Middle Pleistocene, and the latest activity is characterized by thrusting. The research results enrich the understanding of the overall activity of Tanlu fault zone in the buried section of Hefei Basin and provide reliable basic data for earthquake monitoring, prediction and earthquake damage prevention in Anhui Province. 相似文献
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NEW EVIDENCES FOR LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE YISHU-TANGTOU FAULT,THE TAN-LU FAULT ZONE,AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATION 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 CAO Jun XU Han-gang RAN Yong-kang LIANG Ming-jian LEI Sheng-xue ZHANG Peng LI Li-mei GU Qin-ping ZHAO Qi-guang 《地震地质》2017,39(2):287-303
The Tan-Lu Fault Zone(TLFZ), a well-known lithosphere fault zone in eastern China, is a boundary tectonic belt of the secondary block within the North China plate, and its seismic risk has always been a focus problem. Previous studies were primarily conducted on the eastern graben faults of the Yishu segment where there are historical earthquake records, but the faults in western graben have seldom been involved. So, there has been no agreement about the activity of the western graben fault from the previous studies. This paper focuses on the activity of the two buried faults in the western graben along the southern segment of Yishu through combination of shallow seismic reflection profile and composite drilling section exploration.
Shallow seismic reflection profile reveals that the Tangwu-Gegou Fault(F4)only affects the top surface of Suqian Formation, therefore, the fault may be an early Quaternary fault. The Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F3)has displaced the upper Pleistocene series in the shallow seismic reflection profile, suggesting that the fault may be a late Pleistocene active fault. Drilling was implemented in Caiji Town and Lingcheng Town along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F3)respectively, and the result shows that the latest activity time of Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F3)is between(91.2±4.4)ka and(97.0±4.8)ka, therefore, the fault belongs to late Pleistocene active fault.
Combined with the latest research on the activity of other faults along TLFZ, both faults in eastern and western graben were active during the late Pleistocene in the southern segment of the Yishu fault zone, however, only the fault in eastern graben was active in the Holocene. This phenomenon is the tectonic response to the subduction of the Pacific and Philippine Sea Plate and collision between India and Asian Plate. The two late Quaternary active faults in the Yishu segment of TLFZ are deep faults and present different forms on the surface and in near surface according to studies of deep seismic reflection profile, seismic wave function and seismic relocation. Considering the tectonic structure of the southern segment of Yishu fault zone, the relationship between deep and shallow structures, and the impact of 1668 Tancheng earthquake(M=8(1/2)), the seismogenic ability of moderate-strong earthquake along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F3)can't be ignored. 相似文献