共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
井地联合并行电法通过在井孔和地面布设电极,进行全电极供电和测量,获得钻孔周边地电场分布特征,研究储层介质结构及变化特征,对地下复杂地电模型分辨具有重要作用。文章通过构建室内井地电法测试模型,采用并行电法技术,三维反演介质的电阻率,判断井孔周边不同类型地质体的异常分布特征。结合野外井地条件进行实测,结果表明,通过井地联合测试系统可以对钻孔周边地质条件进行有效分辨,为储层介质探查与判断提供辅助依据。 相似文献
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Faisal Rehman Sherif M. El-Hady Ali H. Atef Hussein M. Harbi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(8):519
The present study deals with the seismic site classification of Bahrah area, Wadi Fatima, to characterize the local site conditions. The dynamic behavior of sediments was studied by the application of surface wave inversion. The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) shallow geophysical technique was utilized for site classification. MASW survey was carried out at 66 sites along with 13 seismic refraction profiles at suitable localities. MASW and seismic refraction profiles were processed and compared with the available borehole data. The integration of MASW techniques with seismic refraction and borehole data progressively enhanced the subsurface visualization and reliability of the shear wave velocity estimation in the subsurface in the study area. The subsurface shear-wave velocity model was achieved by the solution of an inverse problem-based dispersion of surface waves and propagation in a vertically heterogeneous medium. The 2D genetic algorithm was employed for the inversion of dispersion curves to obtain velocity and thickness of subsurface layers. The depth to engineering bedrock and velocity of shear waves in the first 30 m was deciphered and mapped. The depth of bedrock in study area varies from 4 to 30 m, and V S 30 ranges from 320 to 800 m/s. The most of study area falls in B and C class categories in addition to few sites of D class according to the NEHRP guidelines. 相似文献
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The geostatistical approach was applied to integrate MT (Magneto-telluric) resistivity data and borehole information for the spatial RMR (Rock Mass Rating) evaluation. Generally, resistivity of the subsurface is believed to be positively related to the RMR, thus the resistivity and borehole RMR information was combined in a geostatistical approach. To relate the two different sets of data, the MT resistivity data were used as secondary information and the RMR mean values were estimated at unsampled points by identification of the resistivity to the borehole data. Two types of approach are performed for the estimation of RMR mean values. Then the residuals of the RMR values around the borehole sites are geostatistically modeled to infer the spatial structure of difference between real RMR values and estimated mean values. Finally, this geostatistical estimation is added to the previous means. The result applied to a real situation shows prominent improvements to reflect the subsurface structure and spatial resolution of RMR information. 相似文献
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A. A. Mohamed M. A. El-Eraki A. A. El-Kenawy S. I. Mostafa 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(13):617
This study uses the seismic refraction and noise measurements to investigate the velocity structure of the subsurface and emphasize the advantage of ambient vibration over the conventional seismic refraction technique. Field measurements were carried out at nine sites in and around Zagazig city. Shallow seismic refraction data were interpreted using the delay time method to obtain the two-dimension ground model at each site. Ambient vibration arrays are used to infer the one-dimensional compressional and shear wave velocity profiles through two main steps. The first step is to derive the dispersion curve from the recorded signals using the frequency-wavenumber method. The second is to invert the dispersion curve to obtain the site velocity profiles. The results of the compressional wave velocities obtained from seismic refraction technique showed that the subsurface consists of a number of layers ranging from two to four layers and give a good agreement with the results of the seismic wave velocities obtained from the ambient vibration arrays. The ambient vibration arrays gave a deeper depth of penetration than the other method, providing more information on the subsurface structure without any disturbance to the environment. This work provides reliable estimates of the seismic velocity structures of both shallow and deep sedimentary layers within the area of interest. 相似文献
5.
D.Yu. Demezhko A.K. Yurkov V.I. Utkin A.V. Klimshin 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2012,53(3):313-319
The study presents the result of continuous temperature monitoring in a 300 m deep borehole located on the Pacific coast of the Kunashir Island. Temperature variations at of 20–240 m depths with periods from a few tens of minutes to a few tens of days and amplitudes in the order of thousandths to tenths of degree are found to result from three main causes: tidal variations of groundwater level in the borehole, natural convection in the borehole, and nonperiodic and spatially heterogeneous changes of the pore pressure resulting in the appearance of an anomalous subsurface fluid regime and generating crossflow between the different aquifers through the annular space. Joint analysis of temperature and seismic data revealed that shallow-focus (up to 30 km) earthquakes with M > 5 occurred southeast of the seismic station created more expressed temperature response at 240 m depth. This response has the form of a 0.05–0.3 K temperature drop, which precedes a seismic event within a period of a few hours to a few days. Tidal analysis of borehole temperature measurements can be used to calculate the strain sensitivity and the method of borehole temperature monitoring can be used to investigate the tectonic regime of the Earth’s crust. 相似文献
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当常规地震勘探数据处理方法不能对地下存在的陡倾角地质构造获得满意的成像效果时,应用虚拟震源方法将垂直地震剖面( VSP,vertical seismic profile) 数据重构成单井剖面( SWP,single well profile) 数据,可以使得观测系统重构到更接近于井附近目标体的位置,震源和检波器都位于复杂的覆盖之下并避免井和地表之间未知速度信息的影响,从而获得对地下地质构造更好的成像分辨率。尤其是当地下存在诸如断层这样的陡倾角地质构造时,虚拟震源方法可以对目标体产生很好的成像效果。本文进行了声波数据和弹性波数据的模拟实验,将模型中的陡构造设置为断层,测试虚拟震源方法用于探测地下陡倾角地质构造的能力,对声波和弹性波介质都获得了满意的成像结果; 在应用稀疏观测系统进行测量时,仍然可以得到较好的成像效果。 相似文献
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地下物探(测井和井中物探,下同)在小西弓金矿区的试验结果表明,它可以解决地面物探所不易解决的某些地质问题。如查明同一孔内不同深度矿层间、相邻孔内矿层间、孔内矿层与地表矿体间的相互关系;寻找井周、井底盲矿并确定其相对钻孔的位置,探测孔内矿层的产状及其在走向上的延伸范围和在倾向上的延深情况,校正钻探工程质量与指导劈样;确定局部地段的地质构造等。 相似文献
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A near-surface seismic refraction survey was conducted at a new mining area located in southeast Cairo, Egypt, to explore the subsurface clay layer for future economic use in mining and cement industry. The purpose of the survey has been to provide geological and geophysical information because no borehole was existent in the area under investigation. The aim of study had been to explain the main characteristics of the subsurface layers. For this purpose, a new technique has been used to acquire and process the data. This technique provides critical information to determine the depth of the subsurface layers, as well as morphology, stratigraphy, and potential locations of the clay layer for future economic use. The thickness and general shape of the clay layer in the whole area were determined and are illustrated in maps. 相似文献
10.
Dorra Tanfous Hakim Gabtni Hajer Azaiez Mohamed Soussi Mourad Bedir 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(3):513-524
A gravity and seismic analysis was conducted over and around Jebel Es Souda-Hmaeima, located on the eastern border of the Tunisian Mountains between the Atlasic block to the west and the Pelagian Block to the east, as part of a study to investigate the subsurface structures. These data, together with outcrop geology, well data, and measurements of physical properties of rock samples, were integrated with a new interpretation of the tectonic model of Jebel Es Souda-Hmaeima anticline. This structure represents a backfolded anticline associated with a steep east-vergent thrust above a blind thrust fault along the base of Triassic formations. The proposed model emphasizes the role of transpressional deformation along deep-seated basement faults and has implications for petroleum generation, migration, and entrapment in central Tunisia. 相似文献
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YANG Can Sayed Hesammoddin KAZEMEINI FAN Wenfang Christopher JUHLIN LIU Dameng 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(5):1118-1126
An important component of any CO2 sequestration project is seismic monitoring for tracking changes in subsurface physical properties, such as velocity and density. Different reservoirs have different amplitude variation with offset (AVO) responses, which can define underground conditions. In the present paper we investigate walkaway vertical seismic profile (VSP) AVO response to CO2 injection at the Ketzin site, the first European onshore CO2 sequestration pilot study dealing with research on geological storage of CO2. First, we performed rock physics analysis to evaluate the effect of injected CO2 on seismic velocity using the Biot-Gassmann equation. On the basis of this model, the seismic response for different CO2 injection saturation was studied using ray tracing modeling. We then created synthetic walkaway VSP data, which we then processed. In contrast, synthetic seismic traces were created from borehole data. Finally, we found that the amplitude of CO2 injected sand layer with different gas saturations were increased with the offset when compared with the original brine target layer. This is the typical class III AVO anomaly for gas sand layer. The AVO responses matched the synthetic seismic traces very well. Therefore, walkaway VSP AVO response can monitor CO2 distribution in the Ketzin area. 相似文献
12.
Electrical resistivity ground imaging (ERGI): a new tool for mapping the lithology and geometry of channel-belts and valley-fills 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dave Baines Derald G. Smith Duane G. Froese Paul Bauman† Grant Nimeck† 《Sedimentology》2002,49(3):441-449
Efforts to map the lithology and geometry of sand and gravel channel‐belts and valley‐fills are limited by an inability to easily obtain information about the shallow subsurface. Until recently, boreholes were the only method available to obtain this information; however, borehole programmes are costly, time consuming and always leave in doubt the stratigraphic connection between and beyond the boreholes. Although standard shallow geophysical techniques such as ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and shallow seismic can rapidly obtain subsurface data with high horizontal resolution, they only function well under select conditions. Electrical resistivity ground imaging (ERGI) is a recently developed shallow geophysical technique that rapidly produces high‐resolution profiles of the shallow subsurface under most field conditions. ERGI uses measurements of the ground's resistance to an electrical current to develop a two‐dimensional model of the shallow subsurface (<200 m) called an ERGI profile. ERGI measurements work equally well in resistive sediments (‘clean’ sand and gravel) and in conductive sediments (silt and clay). This paper tests the effectiveness of ERGI in mapping the lithology and geometry of buried fluvial deposits. ERGI surveys are presented from two channel‐fills and two valley‐fills. ERGI profiles are compared with lithostratigraphic profiles from borehole logs, sediment cores, wireline logs or GPR. Depth, width and lithology of sand and gravel channel‐fills and adjacent sediments can be accurately detected and delineated from the ERGI profiles, even when buried beneath 1–20 m of silt/clay. 相似文献
13.
源－汇系统研究已成为世界范围内地球科学领域广为关注的重要课题.陆相盆地作为源－汇系统研究的重要方面,相对于洋陆边缘源－汇系统,其源－汇系统要素多样、过程复杂、沉积体系多变,耦合模型预测难度大,且尚处于起步阶段.陆相盆地源－汇系统研究主要集中于驱动机制及地球动力学过程、深时古气候、沉积盆地古物源区演化恢复与古水系重建、源－汇系统要素分析及剥蚀－搬运－沉积过程单因素分析与耦合模式探讨.基于钻井、岩心、分析化验数据的多方法物源示踪分析与三维地震数据的地震地貌学或地震沉积学分析,为地下陆相盆地古源区恢复、古水系重建及沉积体系的沉积地貌和沉积过程研究提供了重要的技术支撑.关注不同母岩区源－汇系统差异,开展现代考察与古代源－汇相结合,并尝试定量化源－汇系统耦合－过程研究,最终形成工业化标准与规范是陆相盆地源－汇研究的发展趋势. 相似文献
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新-煤矿施工-投料孔，因钻孔偏斜，未打到大巷中，为测定其终孔位置，采用了地震直达波方法，即将地面设计的输料钻孔座标投影到-253m的大巷中，在其周围有规则的布设24道检波器，将少量炸药下到投料孔底部进行激发，根据初至波时间确定投料孔的终孔位置。 相似文献
16.
对一种能增强工程地震勘探数据质量的新叠加技术——零偏移距共反射面叠加进行了研究。目前模拟零偏移距剖面常规方法存在需要精确宏速度模型及不能对地下反射界面产生最佳照明的问题,而零偏移距共反射面叠加具有完全数据驱动、与宏速度模型无关、能够产生对地下反射界面最佳照明及提高模拟零偏移距剖面成像质量的优势。针对零偏移距共反射面叠加还未在国内工程地震勘探中进行广泛应用的现状,详细介绍了零偏移距共反射面叠加基本原理及其实现过程,并使用一套人工合成断层模型数据及来自某高速公路段附近一条二维测线的实际工程地震勘探数据进行了测试计算。理论模型试算结果及在工程地震勘探实际资料处理中的应用表明零偏移距共反射面叠加可提高地震数据信噪比,增强地震反射同相轴连续性,改善模拟零偏移距剖面质量,是一种非常有发展前景的工程地震成像方法。 相似文献
17.
Miraj M. A. F. Shahzad S. Munawar M. J. Ahsan N. Saleem R. F. Afgan S. 《Geotectonics》2021,55(6):874-887
Geotectonics - The subsurface structure analysis of the Southern North Sea through the interpretation of 2D seismic data set (SNSTI-NL-87 and SNST-NL-83) is carried out. The subsurface structural... 相似文献
18.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2024,15(1):101688
Utilizing both borehole and Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) data in soil stratification helps to get more convincing soil stratification results. However, the soil classification results revealed by borehole (Unified Soil Classification System, USCS) and CPT tests (soil behavior type, SBT) are commonly not consistent. This study proposes a feasible solution to integrate the borehole and CPT data with the tree-based method. The tree-based method is naturally suitable for soil stratification tasks as it aims to divide the subsurface space into several clusters based on the similarities of the soil types. A novel boundary dictionary method is proposed to enhance the model performance on complex soil layer conditions. A probabilistic mapping matrix between the USCS-SBT system is built based on a collected municipal database with collocated borehole and CPT data. The optimal soil stratification results can be selected based on considering multiple borehole information and pruning the structure of trees. The structure of the trees can be optimized in a back analysis perspective with the Sequential Model-Based Global Optimization (SMBO) algorithm which aims to maximize the possibility of observing the borehole information based on the USCS-SBT probabilistic mapping matrix. The uncertainties of the optimal soil stratification results can be estimated based on a weighted Gini index method. The performance of the proposed method is validated based on a real case in New Zealand with a cross-validation method. The results indicate that the proposed method is robust and effective. 相似文献
19.
Normal faulting and the deep subsurface flow of salt are key processes controlling the structural development of many salt-bearing sedimentary basins. However, our detailed understanding of the spatial and temporal relationship between normal faulting and salt movement is poor due to a lack of natural examples constraining their geometric and kinematic relationship in three-dimensions. To improve our understanding of these processes, we here use 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the Egersund Basin, offshore Norway, to determine the structure and growth of a normal fault array formed during the birth, growth and decay of an array of salt structures. We show that the fault array and salt structures developed in response to: (i) Late Triassic-to-Middle Jurassic extension, which involved thick-skinned, sub-salt and thin-skinned supra-salt faulting with the latter driving reactive diapirism; (ii) Early Cretaceous extensional collapse of the walls; and (iii) Jurassic-to-Neogene, active and passive diapirism, which was at least partly coeval with and occurred along-strike from areas of reactive diapirism and wall collapse. Our study supports physical model predictions, showcasing a three-dimensional example of how protracted, multiphase salt diapirism can influence the structure and growth of normal fault arrays. 相似文献
20.
对海滩地下结构的认识是海岸带研究的一个重要方面,也是海滩保护和开发的基础。目前对于海滩的研究大多集中在表面动态变化监测和研究,而对于海滩内部结构和基底形态研究还非常有限。现有的钻探和探测手段一般只能研究表层砂体,难以探测到砂体的底部,无法建立海滩的整体结构模型,不利于分析砂的储量和研究海滩的演化。因此,需要一种探测手段,以便快速有效地开展砂体结构的大范围探测。本文把多尺度地震层析成像方法应用于海滩结构研究,以山东半岛东南部花岗岩石质海岸的一个典型海滩—青岛石老人海水浴场为例,对石老人海滩下方从地表到结晶基底的整体结构开展研究。通过采用新研制的重锤震源得到较高信噪比的地震数据,使用多尺度地震层析成像方法对海滩地下结构进行建模,建立了青岛石老人海水浴场海滩下方深达50 m的速度结构模型。所建立的速度结构模型与该区域已有的对砂体厚度的认识,以及海滩钻孔取样得到的柱状样品的砂粒度变化曲线吻合。该速度结构模型显示,测线下方砂体北厚南薄,在后滨的厚度约为15 m,而在前滨仅有5 m左右。我们推测,海滩下方的砂体中可能存在直立的岩石和未风化完全的岩石,海滩下方的不均匀风化作用导致其下方基底呈现下凹的形态,这种基底形态可能具有稳定砂体的作用。本文方法能够快速有效地构建海滩下方速度结构模型,并且可以方便地推广到其他海滩的结构探测,对于研究海滩结构、演化过程和沙滩保护具有重要意义。 相似文献