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1.
南海真光层深度的遥感反演 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
海水真光层是指海洋浮游植物进行光合作用的水层,海水真光层深度的反演有利于对海洋初级生产力的估算。介绍了真光层深度的遥感反演算法,并根据实测资料,通过经验拟合得到南海海水真光层深度与海水漫衰减系数Kd(490)的关系:zeu=2.784/Kd(490)。经过与实测资料的对比发现,与其它通过叶绿素估算真光层深度的算法相比,本算法的精度明显提高。利用遥感估算的Kd(490)数据计算2003年南海的真光层深度,结果表明,南海陆源营养成分的输入以及南海环流是影响南海真光层变化的主要因素。 相似文献
2.
2007年11月-2008年2月在北极阿蒙森湾进行了冰上积雪的光学衰减性质的观测实验。该实验是在极夜条件下,通过人造光源研究波长313～875nm范围内的光在雪中传播的衰减性质。实验结果验证了可见光在冰上积雪传播过程中,其辐射强度随积雪厚的增长呈指数迅速衰减的规律特征,而且光在积雪中的衰减率远大于海冰中的衰减。根据不同雪厚的光学观测结果,计算出不同波长的可见光在雪中传播的衰减系数。结果表明,465～625 nm范围内的光在雪中衰减系数最小,并且随波长变化基本为常量,其平均值为20 m~(-1)。当波长在此范围之外,可见光的衰减系数迅速升高,衰减系数最高甚至超过30 m~(-1)。此外,根据观测初步分析了雪的密度变化对光在雪中的衰减系数的影响,结果表明,积雪密度的变化对不同波长光的衰减系数影响不同。入射光的波长越大,光的衰减系数受积雪密度变化的影响越大。本文还估算了积雪密度变化造成的光的衰减系数的误差率。 相似文献
3.
海水中光合作用有效光强(PAR)的变化受多种因素影响,其中分布在海水中的悬浮颗粒物是造成PAR在水中衰减的重要因素之一,尤其是在风与潮混合作用较强的近海。已有的研究表明:PAR在水中是呈指数衰减的,并且在悬浮物颗粒物分布比较稳定时,光衰减系数k与悬浮物体积浓度线性相关。在生态模型中,往往需要利用k获得水下光强,而衰减系数k很难直接通过观测得到,因此本文目的就是建立衰减系数与悬浮颗粒物体积浓度的关系,后者可通过观测得到。经过对2个航次与2个定点观测数据的处理,得到了PAR衰减系数分别与所有粒径悬浮物颗粒物总体积浓度以及3种粒级(黏土、粉砂、细砂)悬浮物体积浓度之间的线性关系式,并且发现相对于细砂,较小粒径的黏土、粉砂的浓度能更好的表征PAR的衰减特性。 相似文献
4.
菲律宾海三种微微型浮游生物颗粒丰度及其光散射作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2004年秋季在菲律宾海取得了微微型生物颗粒样品和光衰减剖面资料,然后对三种常见的微微型颗粒(原绿球藻,聚球藻和自养真核细胞)丰度及其光学性质做了初步分析和估算。研究结果表明,菲律宾海原绿球藻的丰度最高,其次为聚球藻,自养真核细胞的丰度最低。3种微微型颗粒的光散射系数同水体剖面的光衰减系数(cp)具有明显的相关关系。3种微微型颗粒的散射作用仅占总光衰减系数的5.1%,其中原绿球藻、自养真核细胞和聚球藻分别占2.6%,2.2%和0.3%。 相似文献
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6.
基于同轴差距测量法的南海深水海底沉积物声衰减特性研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
通过分析沉积物声波测量过程能量损失的实质,阐述平行轴差距衰减测量法和垂直轴差距衰减测量法的研究基础——差动式衰减测量方法原理,并推导了其衰减系数公式。根据南海沉积物的柱状样品分装的特点,结合以上两种方法,提出了同轴差距衰减测量法,这种方法具有原理上的合理性并且其可操作性强;运用此方法测量了沉积物在常温和温度控制变化条件下的声波信号,计算了衰减系数,研究了温度对沉积物声波传播能量的影响,得出南海深水海底沉积物具有以下声衰减特性：沉积物含砂量高,声衰减系数大;随着温度的升高,沉积物的声衰减系数变化具有不均匀性,整体呈非线性减小趋势。以上研究将为声学遥测和反演海底沉积物的物理力学特性提供数据和方法支持。 相似文献
7.
海洋光合有效辐射分布的计算模式 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
针对一类海水，采用美国标准大气模型和一类水体海洋生物-光学特性的半分析方法，建立了海洋光合有效辐射计算模式。模式比较全面地考虑了大气、海-气界面和水体的光辐射传输过程，能较好地用于分析叶绿素浓度以及光辐射场的角分布对光俣有效辐射分布的影响。对模拟结果的分析以及与实测结果的比较表明，该模式能较好地应用于计算衰减系数、光谱辐照度随深度的分布、光合有效辐射随深度的分布和真光层深度，在海洋生态系统的光动力学研究和水色遥感方面有效好的应用前景。 相似文献
8.
光生物反应器中光衰减特征与螺旋藻生长动力学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了光照强度在光生物反应器中的分布特征，结果表明，当光波长及光传播的路径确定时，光生物反应器中光衰减特征主要受培养物生物量浓度的影响，由回归的模型对实验数据的拟合可分析光衰减特征与培养物生物量浓度的相关性，为光生物反应器中平均光照强度的确定奠定基础。在光生物反应器中，当营养底物和环境温度不是螺旋藻生长限制因子时，通过平均光照强度对螺旋藻比生长速率的影响分析，结果表明，在实验条件下，螺旋藻比生长速率与平均光照强度的动力学模型可用Aiba光生长抑制方程描述，光亲和系数Ks为238.29umol/(m^2.s)，光抑制系数Ki为0．00493s.m^2/umol，光生物反应器中螺旋藻生长的饱和光照强度出现在190－272umol/(m^2.s)的范围内。 相似文献
9.
胶州湾悬浮颗粒现场剖面测量与结果分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用LISST-100现场激光粒度仪于2003年3月在胶州湾首次进行了悬浮颗粒剖面测量,获得了2个剖面的悬浮颗粒现场粒度分布光衰减资料。2个剖面的悬浮颗粒分布自上而下非常相似,颗粒平均大小多为38~74μm,其中1~20μm细颗粒组分所占的比重高。水柱表层悬浮颗粒略粗于底部悬浮颗粒,而且内湾悬浮颗粒比外湾粗。水柱近底层悬浮颗粒粒径同底质浮泥颗粒粒径大小相近,颗粒组成也非常相似。悬浮颗粒浓度自上而下逐渐增大,接近底部颗粒浓度急剧增高。根据现场测量数据可以马上对悬浮颗粒有效密度、颗粒沉降速率和通量做粗略估算。分析结果表明,光衰减系数同颗粒浓度显著相关,推断光衰减主要是由1~250μm悬浮颗粒的散射作用引起的,而<20μm的悬浮粒子对光衰减作用起着主要控制作用。光衰减系数与颗粒投影面积显著相关,表明颗粒投影面积可以作为遥感离水反射率的替代指标。 相似文献
10.
在文献[1]中,我们讨论了声在海洋沉积物悬浮液中衰减测量的问题。本文由实验测量的数据,研究了低体积浓度范围内,在不同频率时,体积浓度的测量值和衰减系数测量值的相关关系,相应的回归直线。利用回归直线由衰减值估计体积浓度时,估计的标准误差。以及利用四种不同的悬浮液中声衰减理论,由衰减系数测量值估计体积浓度时,估计的标准误差。讨论了它们之间的差异。 相似文献
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12.
水体中有色可溶性有机物的研究进展 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)是水体中一类重要的光吸收物质,在短波的吸收大大降低了紫外辐射在水体的衰减,因而其光学行为和生物地球化学循环将对水体生态系统产生重要影响。CDOM在水体生态系统、水色遥感和全球碳循环研究中具有广阔的应用前景。文章综述了国内外CDOM研究现状与动态,其中包括CDOM的光吸收特性、荧光特性、光化学降解以及CDOM和DOC浓度的水色遥感,最后提出在内陆水体湖泊中开展CDOM研究的设想。 相似文献
13.
《Marine Policy》2014
In this study the use of ocean color data as a diagnostic tool in integrated coastal zone management was investigated as part of the Science Policy Integration for Coastal Systems Assessment (SPICOSA) project. Parallel to this, an operational coastal monitoring system has been set up in close collaboration with end-users. The core work of the bio-optical part in the project was to develop Secchi depth and attenuation of light as indicators for coastal zone management, by linking remote sensing with the socio-economic and ecological model developed in SPICOSA. The article emphasizes the benefits of stakeholder involvement and end-user feedback for efficient and improved system development. Furthermore, conceptual models were developed on how to integrate remote sensing data into coastal zone management and into a physical-biological model of the Baltic Sea. One of the work packages in the SPICOSA project was academic training. In this work package, on-line teaching material in the field of remote sensing and bio-optics was developed and disseminated on the SETnet web page. The article presented here may act as supportive material for training in bio-optics and remote sensing. 相似文献
14.
黄海、东海二类水体漫衰减系数与透明度反演模式研究 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
黄海、东海是典型的二类水体区域,总悬浮物含量高,水体光学特性复杂.利用2003年春秋季黄海、东海水色联合试验中获取的高质量现场实测数据,建立了由遥感反射比反演水体在490nm波段的漫衰减系数和海水透明度的统计反演模式.这两种模式皆采用490,555,670nm三个波段的组合,漫衰减系数的反演值和实测值的相关系数为0.96,平均相对误差为17.2%;透明度的反演值与实测值的相关系数为0.95,平均相对误差为16.8%.对两种反演模式对遥感反射比输入误差的敏感性进行了分析,结果表明反演模式对±5%的遥感反射比输入误差导致490nm波段的漫衰减系数反演误差最大为27.3%,透明度最大误差为22.7%,并利用2003年春秋季同一海区的实测数据对模型进行了检验,漫衰减系数的平均相对误差为25.0%,透明度的为16.5%.给出了412,443,510,520,555,565nm各波段的漫衰减系数同波段490nm的漫衰减系数之间的关系,结果表明,在400~600nm波段中的每一个波段的漫衰减系数与490nm波段的漫衰减系数的相关性较高,相关系数都超过了0.98.这样利用建立的各波段漫衰减系数关系模型可以从一个已知波段的漫衰减系数反演出其他任何波段的漫衰减系数,这就在水色反演和应用中大大减少了未知因子的个数. 相似文献
15.
The concentration of 15 amino acids in hydrolyzed particulate matter from different regions and depths of the Pacific Ocean has been measured by gas—liquid chromatography. The relative composition was similar for all samples in the euphotic zone, where the particulate amino acid (PAA) concentration ranged from 370 to 2260 nmoles/1 in coastal waters and from 90 to 260 nmoles/1 in the open ocean. Total PAA concentration dropped rapidly with depth, levelling off at 10–40 nmoles/1 below 200 m. Glycine, serine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the most abundant PAA in deep equatorial water and in deep off-shore California water. The nitrogen content of PAA could often account for 100% of the total particulate organic nitrogen present, while PAA carbon contributed up to 50% of the total particulate organic carbon in euphotic waters and down to 20% in deep waters. The protein equivalent to the total PAA content of particulate matter in near-surface waters amounted to 11–32 μg/1 at oceanic stations and up to 270 μg/1 at coastal stations. 相似文献
16.
Data collected during 7 years of seasonal surveys are used to investigate the distribution of phytoplankton biomass within the estuarine waters of the Strait of Georgia and Juan de Fuca Strait. Variability of the chlorophyll distribution is examined in relation to the density stratification, light availability and nutrient concentration. In the Strait of Georgia, both the horizontal and vertical distribution of chlorophyll are found to be linked to the presence of a near-surface layer of increased density stratification. Despite important year-to-year variability, the seasonal cycle of chlorophyll in the Strait of Georgia is dominated every year by relatively large near-surface concentrations in the spring that are linked to the seasonal increase in solar radiation onto the stratified near-surface layer. In the vertical, a sub-surface peak is observed around 10 m depth, corresponding to the depth of maximum water column stability. Nutrients within the euphotic zone are in general abundant, with the exception of the Strait of Georgia in summer where phytoplankton growth is potentially limited by low nitrate concentration near the surface. The depth of the euphotic zone is estimated along the thalweg of the estuary from transmissometer profiles. It appears to vary relatively little within the estuary from a minimum of 20 m in spring, near the mouth of the Fraser River, to an autumnal maximum of about 30 m in the northern Strait of Georgia. Finally, the estimated self-shading contribution to light attenuation is shown to be generally significant (5–10%) in the surface waters of the Strait of Georgia, during spring and summer, reaching values as high as 35% during the spring bloom. 相似文献
17.
Variability in the Relative Penetration of Ultraviolet Radiation to Photosynthetically Available Radiation in Temperate Coastal Waters, Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Victor S. Kuwahara Tatsuki Toda Koji Hamasaki Tomohiko Kikuchi Satoru Taguchi 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(4):399-408
UVR and PAR wavelengths are attenuated to different extents within the water column, causing variations in spectral composition with depth. The present investigation (a) describes the variability of UVR and PAR penetration at a station in the temperate coastal waters of Sagami Bay and determines (b) the characteristics of relative UVR penetration to the euphotic zone. Examination of the seasonal irradiance profile measurements indicated eight measurements displaying two distinct attenuation coefficients (K
d) for specific UVR wavelengths and PAR. The two attenuation coefficients observed from specific wavelengths in the water column may be caused not only by chlorophyll pigments, but also by dissolved organic material in the upper layer. The 1% depth of surface UVR at 305, 320, 340, and 380 nm averaged 10.8 ± 5.7, 14.9 ± 9.5, 19.8 ± 12.1, and 30.4 ± 17.6 m, respectively. The depth of euphotic layer displayed less variability averaging 62 ± 15 m throughout the entire study. Relative UVR penetration within the euphotic zone averaged 17.8 ± 8.1, 22.9 ± 10, 30.5 ± 13.8, and 46 ± 46.9% for 305, 320, 340, and 380 nm, respectively. A large variation of the relative transmission of UVR within the euphotic zone was found although the spectral composition was relatively stable in the air throughout the study. 相似文献
18.
Remotely sensing in detecting the water depths and bed load of shallow waters and their changes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bed load is a type of sand drift and accumulation on the sea-bed. Sand drift is a very important index to survey the erosion or deposition of coastal zone. The change of water depths indicates the change of bed load in shallow waters. The conventional method for measuring water depth uses the shipboard echo sounder, which is accurate for point-measurement, but is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. For periodic survey of bathymetry as synoptic scale, the remote sensing method may be a viable alternative. Wave spectrum bathymetric (WSB) method takes advantages of remote sensing to obtain the bathymetry of shallow waters safely, economically and quickly. The WSB method is feasible to detect the change of water depths over coastal zones where water depths are less than about 12 m. This remote sensing method is worthy to be well developed and efficiently applied to change detection of water depths and bed load in shallow waters. 相似文献
19.
An attenuation depth is defined for remote sensing purposes as a depth above which 90% of the arising light leaving the water surface is originated.The deeper the attenuation depth,the more information of water is detectable by remote sensing,then the more precise information of water is extracted.Meanwhile,the attenuation depth is helpful to know water layer (by its thickness) from which remote sensing will be able to extract information.A number of investigators are using the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (or MODIS) for remote sensing of ocean color.It is necessary to have a rough idea of the effective attenuation depth of imagery in each of the spectral bands employed by the MODIS.The attenuation depth is directly determined from MODIS data.Though analyzing the spectral distribution of the attenuation depth on 7 August 2003 and the seasonal variation of the attenuation depth (551 nm) in the Bohai Sea indicated that:the spectral distribution of the attenuation depth for the spectral range between 400 to 700 nm is single-peak curve,and it''s similar and difference in different regions is consistent with other scholars'' results of zoning,moreover,it supports the Bohai Sea is Case 2 water; the maximum attenuation depth shifts toward longer wavelengths,liking the red shift,with increase of turbidity of water,just like the maximum attenuation depth in the outside of the northwest coast of the Bohai Sea and the Bohai Strait is at 531nm,in the central of the Bohai Sea is at 551nm,in the region controlled by the Huanghe (Yellow) River,the region impacted by the old Huanghe River,the western side of the Liaodong Bay and the eastern side of the Liaodong Bay is at 555 nm; the seasonal change of the attenuation depth is the largest in the summer,followed by the fall,and the ranking of winter and spring in different regions is distinct.The attenuation depth in different regions is dissimilar:the order of the attenuation depth in different regions from small to big is the region controlled by the Huanghe River or the eastern side of the Liaodong Bay,the western side of the Liaodong Bay,the region impacted by the old Huanghe River,the central of the Bohai Sea or the outside of the northwest coast of the Bohai Sea,the Bohai Strait (except at 412 nm and 645 nm),in which between the region controlled by the Huanghe River and the eastern side of the Liaodong Bay (and between the central of the Bohai Sea and the outside of the northwest coast of the Bohai Sea) it varies in different seasons and different bands. 相似文献
20.
Vertical variability in the bio-optical properties of seawater in the northern South China Sea(NSCS) including inherent optical properties(IOPs) and chlorophyll a concentration(Chl) were studied on the basis of in situ data collected in summer 2008 using an absorption/attenuation spectrophotometer. An empirical model was developed to estimate Chl profiles based on the absorption line height at long wavelengths, with a relative root mean square error of 37.03%. Bio-optical properties exhibited large horizontal and vertical spatial variability. As influenced by coastal upwelling and the Zhujiang River(Pearl River) discharge, both IOPs and Chl exhibited high values in the surface waters of the inner shelf, which tended to decrease with distance offshore. Subsurface maximum layers of IOPs and Chl were observed in the middle and outer shelf regions, along with significantly higher values of attenuation coefficients beneath this layer that rapidly increased towards the bottom. In the open ocean, both IOPs and Chl exhibited consistent variability, with the subsurface maximum layer typically located at34–84 m. Phytoplankton were found to be one of the major components in determining the vertical variability of bio-optical properties, with their vertical dynamics influenced by both physical forcing and light attenuation effects. The depth of the subsurface maximum layer was found to be closely related to the fluctuation of the oceanic thermocline and the depth of the euphotic zone, which also affected the total integrated biomass of the upper ocean. Typically high values of attenuation coefficients observed in the bottom waters of the continental shelf reflected the transport of particulate matter over the bottom boundary layer. Our results reveal large spatial differences in bio-optical profiles in response to complex marine ecodynamics in the NSCS. From the perspective of marine research, high-resolution optical measurements are clearly advantageous over conventional bottle sampling. 相似文献