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1.
车辆、坡顶堆载等造成的坡顶荷载是影响边坡稳定性的一个重要因素。首先,基于叠合悬臂梁模型和极限平衡理论,建立了坡顶荷载作用下岩质反倾边坡的力学分析模型,推导了坡顶荷载作用下边坡的剩余倾倒力和剩余滑移力计算公式,给出了岩层破坏模式判别条件,并通过大型数学分析软件Matlab将分析方法程序化;然后,通过与离散元模拟结果进行对比分析,验证了所提分析模型的准确性;最后,基于所提分析方法,进行了不同参数的敏感性分析。研究结果表明,坡顶荷载对岩层剩余力的影响较大,但对岩层破坏模式的影响不大;对边坡稳定性较为敏感的切坡角度为50°和岩层倾角为58°,当小于该值时,边坡稳定性将显著提高;层间黏聚力对自重边坡稳定性影响较大;数值模拟与理论分析得到的安全系数较为一致,验证了考虑坡顶荷载作用下弯曲倾倒破坏分析理论解的正确性,可为类似工程稳定性分析提供参考。 相似文献
2.
针对反倾层状岩质斜坡倾倒变形折断面空间展布缺乏定量判断的问题,以地质原型和变形机制分析为基础,考虑岩层自重、上覆岩层盖重、侧向压力、岩层间的摩擦力等作用,提出了岩板倾倒折断的独立悬臂梁模型和独立简支梁模型。采用板梁的最大拉应力破坏准则,推导出了倾倒变形各阶段岩层的临界折断深度公式。利用地质原型对推导的公式进行了验证,并通过离心试验获取了倾倒变形各阶段的坡形参数,对边坡各阶段折断深度进行了定量评价。研究表明：理论模型可计算倾倒变形层间剪切错动、弱倾倒破坏、强倾倒破坏等各阶段岩层的折断长度;岩层折断长度与岩层分布高程、拉应力、岩梁自身重度呈负相关,与岩层内摩擦角、岩层厚度、抗拉强度呈正相关;根据倾倒变形各阶段力学参数,计算倾倒体各级折断面分布位置,结果与地质原型和离心试验结果吻合。该研究成果对倾倒变形边坡稳定性评价具有一定的理论和实际意义。 相似文献
3.
倾倒变形常见于反倾结构边坡,特别在具有软硬互层结构边坡中,甚至可发育为深度上百米的大型滑坡。为进一步探明此类反倾边坡倾倒变形的破坏机制,以及边坡形态结构及岩体力学参数等因素的影响规律,以离心模型试验为原型,结合离散元数值模拟,分析了倾倒变形的形成过程以及在外界扰动下的破坏机制。并通过单因素分析法、正交设计法等,研究了多种因素对反倾边坡倾例变形的影响,通过极差分析获得了各因素的敏感性。通过在岩层内预置大量多边形随机裂隙,数值模拟较好地实现了对破裂面起裂及延展规律的模拟。结果表明:离心模型试验可较好地还原倾倒变形过程,而离散元数值模拟则可对实验结果进行有效的重现与扩展,两者吻合度良好;岩体变形过程存在3个阶段,即起始变形、稳态变形和失稳破坏等阶段;破裂面呈弧形,在变形积累到一定程度后快速形成;边坡可自下而上形成多级破裂面,并伴随岩层的强烈弯曲变形,在外界扰动下,倾倒变形体将由外到内沿不同破裂面形成渐进后退式破坏;多种影响因素中,边坡形态结构影响最大,层面参数次之,软硬岩岩石力学参数的差异影响较小;具体而言,边坡形态与坡体结构对倾倒变形的影响性大小表现为坡角＞倾角＞坡高＞坡形＞层厚比＞层厚,坡角、倾角、坡高越大,坡形越外凸,软硬岩层厚差越小,倾倒变形越容易发生;边坡变形规模主要受形态结构因素控制,倾角和坡角影响最显著。 相似文献
4.
Summary Mechanisms of flexural toppling failure of slopes in foliated rock masses are investigated both experimentally by testing
small scaled models in a centrifuge and theoretically by using a limiting equilibrium model and a finite element model based
on the Cosserat theory. Both theoretical models include bending moments of rock layers in their formulation. Two main failure
mechanisms are observed: (1) instantaneous failure involving a large volume of failed material and (2) progressive failure
where the fracture initially localises near the toe region and then progresses further into the rock mass with increasing
load. These two mechanisms of slope failure are observed to be controlled by the magnitude of the joint friction angle. The
joint friction angles of about 20° and above are most likely to cause instantaneous failure while the lesser friction angles
result in a progressive failure. Joint cohesion is not found to have a similar effect on the failure mechanisms, provided
that it is low enough to allow sliding between the rock layers – a prerequisite for flexural toppling. 相似文献
5.
次生倾倒破坏是层状反倾岩质边坡的一种主要破坏模式,极限平衡理论是分析倾倒破坏的常用方法,研究反倾节理岩质边坡次生倾倒破坏机理对边坡工程众多的西南山区基础设施建设具有重要的工程指导意义。在Goodman和Bray块体倾倒破坏极限平衡分析方法的基础上,建立了考虑地下水压力、节理连通率、岩体黏聚力等影响因素的反倾岩质边坡在坡后土体推力作用下的次生倾倒地质力学模型,提出了坡后土体推力作用下的反倾节理岩质边坡次生倾倒破坏的解析分析方法,推导出了边坡各岩层下推力的解析表达式,提出了边坡倾倒破坏的综合安全系数,并编写了对应的matlab计算程序,为该类边坡的设计和加固提供了理论依据。通过算例分析表明,与单纯岩质边坡块体倾倒破坏相比,该类边坡次生倾倒破坏形式的特点是破坏基准面以上岩层自上而下依次分为滑移区、倾倒区和稳定区3个部分;地下水压力、节理连通率、底裂面岩体黏聚力对各岩层的破坏形式、稳定安全系数大小都具有明显影响,尤其是在坡体中下部及坡脚部分最为敏感;而各岩层稳定安全系数最小的区域集中于边坡中上部。 相似文献
6.
Centrifuge Modeling of Rock Slopes Susceptible to Block Toppling 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary This paper presents the results of centrifuge tests that were aimed at validating the Goodman-Bray method for rock slope toppling
analysis. The Goodman-Bray method was extended by the authors to accommodate non-persistent basal planes of rock columns.
Two gypsum column models, with and without anchors were used to represent the failure modes. Measured critical centrifuge
accelerations were in agreement with the results obtained from numerical modeling. A background of the toppling slope failures
associated with a large hydropower project in China instigated the need for the centrifuge study. The centrifuge model tests
used an artificial rock. The observed failure mode did not follow a straight failure plane as proposed by Goodman and Bray.
The failures revealed a bi-planar slip surface with a deep-seated portion near the toe of the slope. The outcomes of the centrifuge
tests illustrated the need to search for the critical failure surface when performing a toppling analysis. The search technique
is similar to that usually performed in a conventional sliding analysis. 相似文献
7.
反倾层状岩质边坡悬臂梁极限平衡模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于悬臂梁理论和运用极限平衡法研究反倾层状岩质边坡变形破坏是一种既注重变形过程又注重力学分析的可行方法。在国内外研究现状基础上,研究悬臂梁极限平衡分析模型。首先通过野外现象的观测,提出能对反倾层状边坡变形几何空间条件进行分区的“基准面”的概念,再利用“基准面”分析岩层分区破坏模式的力学机制,认为破坏面的形成机制是弯曲拉裂和压缩剪切的共同作用结果,对悬臂梁极限平衡分析模型中的各参数确定给出假设或理论分析,建立了计算模型。以重庆市巫溪县中梁水库硝洞槽-郑家大沟库段反倾岸坡为例,在边坡变形破坏模式识别基础上,应用悬臂梁极限平衡模型理论分析实例,验证该模型的合理性,同时也给出反倾层状边坡悬臂梁极限平衡模型计算步骤,用数值模拟方法验证该分析模型的正确性。模型计算结果表明,破坏区大体分为滑移区、倾倒区和倾倒变形影响区,破坏区大小由坡角、岩层倾角、坡高共同决定,当三者关系（见式（13））大于0时,才存在破坏区,才有可能发生变形破坏。研究成果对反倾层状岩质边坡稳定性评价与防治具有理论指导意义和应用价值。 相似文献
8.
Mehdi Amini Abbas Majdi Mohammad Amin Veshadi 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(4):519-532
Block-flexure is the most common type of toppling failure in rock slopes. In this case, some rock blocks fail due to tensile bending stresses and some overturn under their own weights. In this paper, first, a literature review of toppling failures is summarized. Then, a theoretical model is proposed for rock slopes with a potential for block-flexure toppling instability. Next, a new analytical approach is presented for the stability analysis of such slopes. Finally, a special computer code is developed for a quick stability assessment of the failures based on the proposed method. This code receives the rock slope parameters from the user as the input data and predicts its stability, along with the corresponding factor of safety against the failure, as the output. In addition, two case studies are used for practical verification of the proposed approach and the corresponding computer code as well. 相似文献
9.
在岩质边坡滑动-倾倒组合破坏地质力学模型的基础上,采用改进的传递系数法,提出了岩质边坡滑动-倾倒组合破坏的解析分析方法,并对初始下滑推力及岩块底部的凝聚力进行敏感性分析。与传递系数法相似,将边坡体几何力学参数及潜在倾倒岩块编号作为变量,使得每个倾倒岩块的稳定性分析具有统一的表达式,并易于采用Microsoft excel进行程序化分析。分析结果表明：岩块底面的凝聚力对下部潜在倾倒区域的破坏模式影响较大,随着岩块底面凝聚力的增加,潜在倾倒区域发生倾倒破坏的块体呈逐渐增加的趋势,而发生滑动破坏的块体则明显较少,岩块底面倾角对坡体整体稳定性影响较大;随着岩块底面倾角的增大,整个坡体的稳定性逐渐降低。 相似文献
10.
In this study, two types of small-scale physical modeling tests have considered the impact of the infiltration of rainfall and groundwater level in order to investigate the processes involved in rock slope deformation and failure. The study conducted the physical tests under controlled conditions of groundwater level with rock block shape for two rock slope types (cataclinal and anaclinal slopes). Observations obtained during each stage of deformation and failure were used to explain how gravity deformation varies with groundwater conditions on cataclinal and anaclinal slopes, and infer how rainfall and groundwater influence slope failure. Our results indicate that groundwater level is a crucial factor in the deformation failure of slopes. The failure mechanisms of cataclinal slopes differ considerably from those of anaclinal slopes. The infiltration of surface water and groundwater can have a significant influence on rock layer deformation and the speed of failure. Different shapes of rock block have two toppling types of rock slope, the spherical rock model relatively close to flexural toppling type and the triangular rock model relatively similar to block flexural toppling type, respectively. Details of the failure characteristics of cataclinal and anaclinal slope models are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
11.
The stability of slopes and underground openings against flexural toppling and their stabilisation 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
Summary The stability of slopes and underground openings during and after excavation is always of great concern in the field of rock engineering. Depending upon the geologic conditions and material properties of rock and discontinuities, and the geometry of excavations and topography, various kinds of instabilities are likely to be encountered. One of these is the flexural toppling failure which has become to be known recently. A stability analysis method for slopes and underground openings under various loading conditions against the flexural toppling failure is proposed. In addition, for the stabilisation of structures, a method is suggested to take into account the reinforcement effect of fully grouted rockbolts. The applicability and validity of the proposed method is checked through model tests carried out in laboratory under well controlled conditions. 相似文献
12.
四川某水库大坝左坝肩边坡变形破坏机制及整治对策探讨 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
王士天 《地质灾害与环境保护》1999,10(3):1-5
以现场考察和变形监测资料为依据,探讨一个下部有软弱基底,上部为硬脆性坡体的“二元结构”边坡的变形破坏问题,揭示这类边坡的变形总是以下部软弱岩体的不均匀压缩流变为先导,进而引起上部硬脆性坡体的拉裂与倾倒,最终通过渗入水的作用,使下部承载状况已进一步恶化了的软弱岩体,沿剪应力集中带发生剪切破坏而导致整个变形坡体的下滑。 相似文献
13.
14.
在地质调查基础上,将反倾边坡的各岩块概化为受自重弯矩及外力作用的悬臂梁,利用弯曲-拉裂模型研究其破坏模式。通过力学分析,建立了反倾层状岩质边坡各条块的力学模型。基于最大拉应力理论,给出条块倾倒失稳判据,以此判定边坡的稳定性,并定量分析了反倾边坡倾倒破坏的影响因素。结果表明:反倾边坡倾倒破坏发生在每个条块的上边界处,条块所受拉应力大小与其容重呈线性关系,与高度呈二次幂函数关系,与其宽度呈-1次幂函数关系,即板梁容重越大、高度越大、宽度越小,其倾倒破坏越明显。而当条块底面倾角满足一定条件时,才会发生倾倒破坏,其范围边界值与条块的高度和宽度有关。 相似文献
15.
以往研究中倾倒变形研究在反倾边坡较多而在顺倾边坡中很少,对两种不同结构的边坡形成倾倒体的异同点更是存在较多空白。在总结大量倾倒体实例基础上,对层状反倾和顺倾边坡倾倒变形形成条件及发育规模特征进行了详细研究。结果表明,顺倾边坡若发生倾倒,通常表现为坡高 100 m,边坡坡角 35°,岩层倾角 60°,岩性为薄层或薄层与中层互层的软岩、软硬相间的岩石;反倾边坡当坡角 30°及岩层倾角 30°就可能发生倾倒,其岩性为薄层～中厚层状的软岩、硬岩及具有似层状结构的坚硬岩石均可;提出层状岩质边坡“倾倒临界倾角 ”的概念,对于顺倾边坡, 60°,当 时边坡将可能产生倾倒破坏,当 时边坡通常产生顺层面的“滑移-弯曲”或“滑移-拉裂”型破坏;反倾边坡 30°,当 时边坡才可能演化成明显倾倒变形,当 时边坡不会倾倒或倾倒不明显;对于地质条件基本相同而坡体结构不同的两种边坡,反倾边坡形成的倾倒体无论是发育分布面积还是倾倒深度通常是大于顺倾边坡的,而且一旦形成倾倒体,二者的规模通常是深层的、大型或特大型的;倾倒体的分布面积和倾倒深度均呈现一种随坡高的增加而增加的趋势,坡高 250 m时其分布面积和倾倒深度表现为陡然增加,并且反倾边坡增加幅度大于顺倾边坡。 相似文献
16.
以甲西倾倒体为典型实例,从赋存环境、发育特征、形成条件等基础层面上分析雅砻江上游互层斜坡倾倒变形破坏机制及演化过程。研究表明:区内大型倾倒体是斜坡岩体在叠加有残余构造应力的自重应力场中长期演化的产物,软硬相间的岩性组合、陡倾内的岸坡结构,加之垂直层面密集节理的切割是斜坡发生倾倒变形的控制性因素;斜坡倾倒是受节理面和层面控制的复合倾倒模式,即:硬岩发生块状-弯曲倾倒,而软岩发生弯曲倾倒;受河谷演化控制,斜坡变形破坏主要经历了4个演化阶段:卸荷回弹陡倾面拉裂阶段,初始变形阶段,板梁根部折断、剪切面贯通阶段以及破坏阶段,并最终转化为蠕滑-拉裂模式形成滑坡。该滑动面受倾向坡外破裂面控制,而并非沿最大弯折带发育。 相似文献
17.
18.
多层软弱夹层边坡岩体破坏机制与稳定性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以大量的实际工程为基础,基于Sarma极限平衡法和有限元强度折减法探讨层状岩质边坡在不同岩层倾角θ、边坡坡角β、结构面间距h条件下的安全系数与破坏面位置的变化规律,揭示复杂多层软弱夹层边坡岩体的破坏机制及稳定性特征。结果表明：不同θ条件下边坡岩体失稳机制和破坏面位置不同,随着θ的增大,破坏机制表现为滑移破坏→滑劈破坏→崩塌破坏→倾倒破坏→滑移破坏;当β、h一定时,直立层状边坡的稳定性略大于水平层状边坡,反倾向边坡的稳定性明显大于顺层边坡;β直接影响边坡岩体破坏特征,当β由30°增大至60°时,顺层边坡的安全系数约降低53%;反倾向层状边坡的安全系数约降低40%;h对边坡岩体破坏机制的影响较小,但对稳定性的影响较大,建议工程实践中加强密集结构面岩质边坡的监测和加固工作。 相似文献
19.
Toppling is the foremost failure pattern of anaclinal rock slopes, and deep-seated toppling deformations (DSTDs) are common on high anaclinal slopes on the sides of gorges in western China. The DSTDs can develop to depths of more than 200 m, and may show distinct signs of zonal failure. Many DSTDs undergo transformation to large landslides involving rock volumes of more than 106 m3. However, the conditions for the formation and the basic evolving processes of DSTDs remain unclear. This study seeks to develop an inventory to classify the distribution, and the conditioning factors which govern the formation and deformation modes of DSTDs in western China and to analyze the effect of the geological and geomorphological variables on the toppling intensities. To this end, forty-nine DSTDs were analyzed. The results indicate that DSTDs in western China are commonly distributed along large deeply incised rivers in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The steep-dip anaclinal metamorphic soft or soft-hard-interbedded strata with near parallel strikes in the river channel, V-shaped deeply incised river channels, and convex slopes are favorable conditions for the formation of DSTDs in these settings. The dip angle, the gradient, and the height of most slopes which develop DSTDs are 60–90°, 30–50°, and 200–800 m, respectively. There is a highly positive relationship between the depth of toppling and the height of the slope. The toppled rock masses can be classed as extremely intense, intense, moderate, and weak toppling zones characterized by complete block detachment, tensile-shear fracture, tensile fracture, and reverse slip along foliations, respectively. Each zone corresponds to a specific range of the dip angle of the toppled strata, the aperture of the tensile cracks, the P-wave velocity, the state of rock weathering, and the degree of unloading. The extremely intense and the intense toppling zones tend to evolve into sliding failures. Overall, 94% of the DSTDs were derived from flexural toppling and 33% have developed into large landslides.
相似文献20.
陡倾煤层开采条件下上覆山体变形破坏物理模型试验研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
大型岩质滑坡是中国西南岩溶矿区的主要地质灾害类型,其破坏和成灾过程具有复合性。以我国重庆武隆鸡冠岭滑坡为例,通过离心物理模型试验研究了地下开采条件下陡倾灰岩斜坡的变形失稳机制。试验时随着煤层模型板被拔出,上覆岩层在拟重力作用下开始出现位移与层间错动,当煤层模型被拔出150 mm时,模型山体发生显著破坏。试验结果表明:陡倾灰岩斜坡在长期重力作用下,会出现弯曲倾倒的变形,随着地下煤层逐渐采空,上覆陡倾层状岩体失去支撑,岩层层面分离并产生拉张裂缝,岩体变形加剧发生倾倒破坏,并对煤层下部的稳定岩体形成挤压,下伏稳定岩体发生剪切破坏,最终导致鸡冠岭以倾倒-滑移的复合模式整体失稳。这一研究对中国西南山区大型岩质滑坡的早期识别与失稳机制分析具有指导意义。 相似文献