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1.
本研究了２．８Ｍ⊙和７Ｍ⊙恒星由于主序到红巨星和ＡＧＢ星阶段的演化,结果发现,湍流压的存在质量较大的７Ｍ⊙恒星的内部结构有较大的影响,它将使氢燃烧壳屋明显变厚并较早地消失,使恒星中心的温度降低,使ＨＲ图中的演化轨迹向温度降低和光度减小的方向变化,使氢壳层燃烧出现周期性脉动,氦壳层的热脉动周期变短等等。但是,对于质量较小的２．８Ｍ⊙恒星,湍流压的效应很微小。 相似文献
2.
至今国际上对ＡＧＢ星的超星风、热脉动及振动的理论研究工作中都忽略了湍流压的存在，然而对于一个整个外壳都处于完全对流的ＡＧＢ星，湍流压是存在的，并且由于湍流压的存在将对气体压强、密度、温度以及各热力学量产生影响，因而对ＡＧＢ星的超星风、热脉动及振动产生影响。本文以恒星结构演化理论中常用的混合程对流理论为基础，给出了湍流压以及考虑湍流压情况下恒星内部物态方程和各热力学量的表达式，并给出了判别恒星外壳产生动力学非稳定性的判据，并在此基础上研究了质量为２．８Ｍ⊙和７Ｍ⊙的恒星从主序到ＡＧＢ星的演化。目的是研究有湍流压情况下ＡＧＢ星的超星风及热脉动的机理。结果表明，对于７Ｍ⊙恒星，在红巨星及ＡＧＢ阶段，湍流压可以达到总压强的３０％，并且对恒星的结构产生重要影响，对于２．８Ｍ⊙恒星，在红巨星及ＡＧＢ阶段影响较小。由于湍流压的作用，２．８Ｍ⊙和７Ｍ⊙恒星在ＡＧＢ阶段和红巨星阶段，靠近表面的区域会出现动力学非稳定性，造成物质向外喷流，这就是ＡＧＢ星和红巨星产生强大星风的物质损失的原因。研究还表明，湍流压效应造成７Ｍ⊙ＡＧＢ星的氢燃烧壳层产生主周期为５０年的脉动现象，同时使氦燃烧壳层的热脉动提前发生和周期变短 相似文献
3.
本文以恒星结构演化理论中常用的混合程对流理论为基础，给出了湍流压以及考虑湍流压情况下恒星内部物态方程和各热力学量的表达式．在此基础上研究了质量为２．８Ｍ⊙和７Ｍ⊙的恒星由主序演化到红巨星和ＡＧＢ星阶段其湍流压的大小．结果证明，在红巨星和ＡＧＢ阶段，靠近恒星表面区域内湍流压可以达到总压强的３０％． 相似文献
4.
湍流压对中小质量恒星后期演化的影响：（Ⅰ）湍流压,物态方程及热… 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本以恒星结构演化理论中常用的混合程对流理论为基础，给出了湍流压以及考虑湍流压情况下恒星内部物态方程和各热力学量的表达式。在此基础上研究了质量为２．８Ｍ和７Ｍ的恒星由主序演化到红巨星和ＡＧＢ星阶段其湍流压的大小。结果证明，在红巨星和ＡＧＢ阶段，靠近恒星表面区域内湍流压可以达到总压强的３０％。 相似文献
5.
本提供了一个判别红巨星和ＡＧＢ星对流外壳中是否会产生动力学非稳定性的条件。根据这个条件和对２．８Ｍ⊙及７Ｍ⊙恒星从主序列到巨星阶段和ＡＧＢ阶段的演化计算,可以证明,湍流压效应是导致红居星和ＡＢＧ星靠近表达区域产生动力学非稳定性,从而造成质向外喷流的原因,并认为它就是造成红巨星和ＡＧＢ星表面温度很低（因而辐射压很低）从而产生强大星风物质损失的物理原因。 相似文献
6.
2.8M⊙碳AGB星的形成和演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蒋苏云 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》1998,(19):265-278
在混合程对流理论基础上建立了湍流压的恒星结构与演化理论,以及在对流外壳中出现动力学非稳定性的判据。在此基础上研究了初始质量为2.8M⊙的星族I恒星从主序星到碳AGB星的质量非守恒演化。结果表明,在RGB星和AGB星阶段,靠近恒星表面区域内湍流压可以达到总压强的30％。且湍流压效应可能是导致RGB星和AGB星靠近表面区域产生了动力学非稳定性,从而造成物质向外逃逸的原因,我们认为湍流压效应可能就是造成有效温度低因而辐射压也低的RGB星产生强星风,以及AGB星产生超星风的物理原因,还发现当氦燃烧层源厚度与层源质量的比值小于0.04R⊙／M⊙时,层源内会出现热核反应的非稳定现象,即出现热脉动,且2.8M⊙AGB星经过6次热脉动后,恒星表面的C／O超过1,恒星演化成碳AGB星。 相似文献
7.
本文提供了一个判别红巨星和ＡＧＢ星对流外壳中是否会产生动力学非稳定性的条件．根据这个条件和对２８Ｍ及７Ｍ恒星从主序到巨星阶段和ＡＧＢ阶段的演化计算,可以证明,湍流压效应是导致红巨星和ＡＧＢ星靠近表面区域产生动力学非稳定性,从而造成物质向外喷流的原因．并认为它就是造成红巨星和ＡＧＢ星表面温度很低（因而辐射压很低）从而产生强大星风物质损失的物理原因． 相似文献
8.
8M⊙恒星演化过程中湍流应力作用效果的分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以恒星结构与演化理论中常用的混合程理论为基础，将湍流作用表现出来的宏观应力引入恒星结构与演化模型中的流体静力学平衡方程．通过计算8M⊙恒星从主序星到早期AGB星演化过程中湍流应力梯度与引力的比值来研究湍流作用对恒星演化与结构的影响．结果发现：在核燃烧阶段其比值很小，湍流作用几乎可以忽略；但在RGB和早期AGB演化阶段，发现在恒星外部存在一个湍流应力梯度为引力的几倍到几十倍的很小区域，而该小区域以外的对流区内湍流作用力能达到引力的65％，这些对AGB星的中心温度变化与热脉动发生的时间等恒星结构与演化规律有不同程度的影响． 相似文献
9.
天体物理学家第一次成功地计算中等质量恒星演化到中心氦燃烧阶段，就发现蓝拐现象，它是赫罗图上形成黄巨星分支的重要理论条件。但由于蓝拐对很多输入物理，如对流的混合长理论，对流超射，初始元素丰度等都十分敏感稍稍不同就会抑制或触发蓝拐，因此蓝拐的激发机制一直没有满意的理论。本文回顾了蓝拐的研究历史，并对中等质量恒星在演化过程中的蓝拐的激发机制问题进行理论分析，给出一个蓝拐整个过程的物理图象。本文探寻了氢燃烧核反应的CNO循环过程对蓝拐的影响，用两种不同的方法处理CNO循环，在第一种模型中保持^14N丰度不变；而在第二种模型中计算了^16O向^14N的转化过程。结果模型一中出现了蓝拐而模型二中没有蓝拐。在对两种模型的比较中，我们进一步研究蓝拐的触发机制。我们注意到蓝拐的一个重要特性，恒星内部的核反应产能增加决定了蓝拐光度的上升；同时对于一个内部产能恒定的恒星，恒星外壳的膨胀和收缩将决定恒星表面的有效温度。根据这点，对恒星内部和外壳的各种物理量进行了研究，并着重注意了恒星外壳对内部产能变化的反应。我们发现RGB阶段产生的氢丰度不连续区的跳变是恒星光度上升的一个关键因素，当氢壳层的外边缘接触到氢跳变的时候，突然增加的氢丰度使氢燃烧壳层变宽，产能也增大。氢壳层产能的增加伴随着氢壳层温度的增加，过多的热量需要传输，使氢壳层膨胀，这样密度降低就可以控制氢壳层燃烧稳定增加。我们发现恒星外壳遵循位力定理，位力定理结合光度公式，决定了中心氦燃烧期间光度上升时只有两种选择，外壳膨胀有效温度变小，或者外壳收缩有效温度上升。恒星外壳对内部产能增加的响应，选择哪种方法，取决于外壳的对流程度。对流居优的外壳，氢壳层过多的热量导致外对流继续发展，有效温度下降，恒星沿RGB向上移动；辐射居优的外壳将升温提高自己的热传导能力，并发现恒星是否发生蓝拐取决于一个关键的值ηcrit，RGB底部η值小于ηcrit的模型将有蓝拐，ηcrit值在0.3-0.5之间，并与恒星的总质量有一定的关系。依靠本文得出的蓝拐机制，我们对一些影响蓝拐的物理因素做了解释。主序期间的中心对流以超射导致氢跳变也将离中心远，氢燃烧壳层将难以到达氢跳变，蓝拐向蓝延伸的距离也就短了。外对流超射使氢跳变的位置更靠近中心，氢壳层可以在较早的时间到达氢跳变，蓝拐产生的可能性增大。质量损失将把恒星表面的物质抛弃，使恒星的氢轮廓处于温度更低的位置，氢壳层向氢跳变移动的速度减慢，从而压制蓝拐。OPAL不透明度较大的区域产生额外的对流区，η较大，实现蓝拐过程比LAOL的更难。本文第一章概述中等质量星的演化，蓝拐和各种输入物理关系，包括了不透明度，对流超射等对蓝拐的影响，介绍已有的蓝拐激发机制，蓝拐的重要性。第二章对CNO双循环核反应对中等质量星的产能贡献和CNO循环的处理方法进行介绍，并对计算结果进行初步分析。第三章通过对两个典型恒星演化模型的比较描述了蓝拐的物理机制。第四章总结了整个工作。 相似文献
10.
中等质量恒星在赫罗图中由E-AGB星进入TP-AGB星的分界点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对3～10 M_☉恒星在赫罗图上演化轨迹的研究,分析恒星内部氦壳层燃烧峰值处能量、密度、温度、氦壳层表面光度与恒星表面光度比及恒星半径的变化,给出了中等质量恒星由早期AGB星演化至热脉冲AGB星阶段在赫罗图上的分界点,与119颗碳星的观测结果吻合得相当好.同时提出:在恒星演化至该分界点之后,其星风物质损失公式可能需要引入一个与表面光度无关的量以主导超星风的形成.在此基础上,通过对考虑湍流压效应下5 M_☉恒星的结构和演化及星风物质损失率的分析,发现湍流压在热脉冲AGB星阶段对星风物质损失影响较大,从而使得热脉冲AGB星的湍流压不可忽略,进而提出了影响热脉冲AGB星星风物质损失的可能的物理因素. 相似文献
11.
Rudolf Dvorak 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1997,69(1-2):103-118
In this investigation the orbits of 21 Atens (semimajor axes smaller than the Earth) are studied with the aid of numerical
integrations over the time interval of one million years. The dynamical model was a 6-body Solar System, where the perturbations
of Uranus and Neptune were ignored, and where Mercury's mass was added to the Sun's mass. Thus mean motion resonances, secular
resonances and the Kozai resonance were fully taken into account. The evolution of the semimajor axes shows the typical step
function like pattern which we know also from comets although some Atens have a very fuzzy development of the orbital elements,
and some of them stay in a mean motion resonance for very long time. The evolution from Atens to Apollos (with semimajor axes
larger than the Earth) and vice versa is also a phenomenon which we could observe. The main goal was the study of encounters
of the Atens with the Earth and Venus. We found out that Venus encounters occur somewhat more often than Earth encounters
(approximately one within the distance Earth - Moon every 40000 years with Venus, one every 50000 years with the Earth).
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Gerhard Hensler 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1999,265(1-4):397-407
A two-dimensional chemodynamical model of the Milky Way Galaxy is presented that can account for the structural, kinematical,
and chemical pecularities of the galactic components in a self-consistent way. The dynamics of three stellar components and
the multi-phase interstellar medium consisting of clouds and intercloud gas are followed in detail. Mass interchange and energetic
interaction processes between the stars and the gas phases are treated simultaneously according to the astrophysical experience
including star formation, supernovae type I and II, planetary nebulae, stellar winds, evaporation and condensation, drag,
cloud collisions, heating and cooling, and stellar nucleosynthesis. These processes are coupling large ranges on temporal
and spatial scales, and allow for feedback and self-regulation mechanisms, which play a significant role in galactic evolution.
In comparison with observations the capability of the chemodynamical treatment is convincingly proved by the excellent agreement
with various observations. In addition, also well-known problems (G-dwarf problem, the discrepancy between local effective
yields, etc.), which so far could be only explained by artificial constraints, are solved in the global scenario. Here we
wish also to focus on temporal behaviours of the radial abundance gradient and abundance ratios in order to stimulate further
more specific observations and to make particular predictions which can test the validity of used model ingredients like stellar
yields.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Javier Ballesteros-Paredes 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2004,292(1-4):193-205
We review the main results from recent numerical simulations of turbulent fragmentation and star formation. Specifically, we discuss the observed scaling relationships, the “quiescent” (subsonic) nature of many star-forming cores, their energy balance, their synthesized polarized dust emission, the ages of stars associated with the molecular gas from which they have formed, the mass spectra of clumps, and the density and column density probability distribution function of the gas. We then give a critical discussion on recent attempts to explain and/or predict the star formation efficiency and the stellar initial mass function from the statistical nature of turbulent fields. Finally, it appears that turbulent fragmentation alone cannot account for the final stages of fragmentation: although the turbulent velocity field is able to produce filaments, the spatial distribution of cores in such filaments is better explained in terms of gravitational fragmentation. 相似文献
14.
动力学过程和恒星演化及二者的互相影响都会对球状星团的演化产生重要影响.由于金属丰度会影响恒星的演化轨迹,与之相伴随的恒星质量损失率的变化也会对球状星团的动力学过程造成影响.通过一系列N体模拟研究金属丰度对球状星团的质量损失率、半径等的影响,并分析其原因,同时研究了大质量恒星以及星团初始数密度分布的影响.模拟中采用的球状星团模型初始成员星数目N=50000,运行于类银河系的引力势中并考虑成员星的演化.结果显示,由于低金属丰度恒星拥有较快的演化时标,所以贫金属球状星团在早期会拥有较高的质量损失,但与此同时它们的核塌缩时间会比后者显著推迟,因此在核塌缩之后其质量损失会被富金属星团反超.另外由于大质量恒星演化导致的质量损失较大,所以大质量星的存在会使金属丰度更加显著地影响球状星团早期的扩张以及随后的核塌缩过程,同时星团的初始数密度分布也对该效应有着不可忽视的影响. 相似文献
15.
We investigate the evolution of high Earth satellite orbits under gravitational perturbations from the Sun and light pressure forces, without the Earth shadow effect. We present the disturbing function of the problem provided that the satellite is a sphere. The mean value of the disturbing function in the absence of resonances between the mean unperturbed motion of the satellite and the mean motion of the Sun has also been obtained. The semimajor axis of the satellite orbit and the mean value of the disturbing function are shown to be integrals of the averaged osculating equations. TheHill version of the problem, whereby the distance to the satellite is much smaller than the Earth–Sun distance, has been studied in detail: we have constructed the phase portraits of the oscillations at various parameters and described three types of quasiperiodic satellite trajectories—librational and rotational trajectories as well as Earth collision trajectories. Numerical simulations of trajectories have allowed the additional effects caused by light pressure to be described: the displacement of the bounded trajectory of the satellite as a whole relative to the trajectory of the classical three-body problem into a region more distant from the Sun. 相似文献
16.
Richard B. Stothers 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,314(1):L7-L9
It is suggested here that the laminar character of the large-scale deep convective flows appearing in numerical simulations of the convective envelope of the Sun arises from the effect of turbulent eddy viscosity. Previously, M. Schwarzschild suggested the same idea to explain the observed surface granulation in the Sun. 相似文献
17.
In this paper we review the chemical evolution models for the Galactic bulge: in particular, we discuss the predictions of
models as compared with the available abundance data and infer the mechanism as well as the time scale for the formation of
the Galactic bulge. We show that good chemical evolution models reproducing the observed metallicity distribution of stars
in the bulge predict that the [α/Fe] >0 over most of the metallicity range. This is a very important constraint indicating
that the bulge of our Galaxy formed at the same time and even faster than the inner Galactic halo. We also discuss predictions
for the evolution of light elements such as D and 7Li and conclude that the D astration should be maximum due to the high star formation rate required for the bulge whereas
the evolution of the abundance of Li should be similar to that observed in the solar neighbourhood, but with an higher Li
abundance in the interstellar medium at the present time.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
The viscosity (the angular momentum flux) in the disk of mutually gravitating particles of Saturn's rings is investigated. The hydrodynamic theory of the gravitational Jeans-type instability of small gravity perturbations (e.g., those produced by spontaneous disturbances) of the disk is developed. It is suggested that in such a system the hydrodynamic turbulence may arise as a result of the instability. The turbulence is related to stochastic motions of “fluid” elements. The objective of this paper is to show that in the Jeans-unstable Saturnian ring disk the turbulent viscosity may exceed the ordinary microscopic viscosity substantially. The main result of local N-body simulations of planetary rings by Daisaka et al. (2001. Viscosity in a dense planetary ring with self-gravitating particles. Icarus 154, 296-312) is explained: in the presence of the gravitationally unstable density waves, the effective turbulent viscosity νeff is given as νeff=CG2Σ2/Ω3, where G, Σ, and Ω are the gravitational constant, the surface mass density of a ring, and the angular velocity, respectively, and the nondimensional correction factor C≈10. We argue that both Saturn's main rings and their irregular of the order of 100 m or even less fine-scale structure (being recurrently created and destroyed on the time scale of an order of Keplerian period ) are not likely much younger than the solar system. 相似文献