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1.
湖泊沉积物有机地化指标在古气候解释中具有复杂性和多解性。TOC、C/N和δ^13Corg作为3种常用的有机地化指标,现已广泛运用于东、中亚全新世气候变化研究中。以这3种指标为例综述了东、中亚全新世湖泊沉积有机地化指标的变化机制及影响因素。根据数据的综合分析与对比,大部分湖泊全新世沉积物TOC百分含量较高时,C／N比值也较高。这与沉积物有机质的来源有关,因两者TOC和C／N作用机制不同,也存在少数湖泊,其两者对应关系不明显;同一湖泊δ^13Corg与TOC及δ^13Corg与C／N对应关系相似;由于不同区域影响有机地化指标的因素不同,TOC、C／N和δ1^3Corg间的关系存在区域差异,据此可将研究区分为中纬度地区、青藏高原区和低纬度季风区。上述区域规律存在于研究中所选的大部分湖泊,由于有机地化指标作用机理的复杂性,也存在不符合这种规律的湖泊,因而上述结论有待于进一步讨论。 相似文献
2.
河流在碳的运输过程中扮演着重要角色。为探究河流筑坝拦截后龙滩水库溶解无机碳(DIC)的来源和变化特征,于2016年7月和2017年1月采集水样,然后分析了河水DIC及其碳稳定同位素(δ13C)值。研究结果表明:(1)δ13CDIC值具有显著的时空差异,表明两个季节影响DIC的主要因素和DIC的来源并不相同。雨季,DIC及其δ13C主要分布在2.04~4.12 mmol·L^-1和-5.52‰^-2.87‰的范围内;旱季,水体DIC为3.33~4.61 mmol·L^-1,而δ13CDIC显著低于雨季为-15.90‰^-9.12‰。雨季,稀释效应显著降低了DIC浓度,由于水体热分层使得DIC在水柱剖面上差异显著,而旱季由于混合作用的影响,在剖面上差异较低。(2)在雨季,河流δ13CDIC较旱季明显偏正,碳酸盐岩的强烈风化输入大量HCO3-是DIC的主要来源。在旱季,DIC和δ13CDIC成反比关系,δ13CDIC在旱季变得更低,其大部分的DIC来自于土壤CO2输入和原位有机呼吸作用。旱季水体热分层消失,混合作用使得底部具有较低δ13C值的含碳水体上涌,并与表水层混合导致其δ13CDIC值低于雨季。这种季节性模式与自然河流不同,而是与湖泊的季节变化特征更为类似,说明河流拦截蓄水后逐渐湖沼化,并显著影响了DIC的循环。 相似文献
3.
柴达木地区近三百万年来古气候环境演化的初步研究 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：23
本文根据柴达木地区三口钻井岩心的湖相沉积矿物学分析、盐类矿物包裹水及介形类化石δD、δ~(18)O、δ~(13)C等分析,初步建立了长、短时间气候曲线。研究结果表明该地区近300万年来存在着5次较明显的气候冷暖波动,而干湿变化则更趋频繁。推测近5万年来湖泊水体经历了早期的相对稳定蒸发阶段、中期的低温干化阶段、晚期(冰后期)的前5千年在干化的基础上水体复苏和后5千年水体收缩的演化阶段。 相似文献
4.
《地理研究》2017,(8)
采用集合经验模态分解方法(EEMD),对贵州省董哥洞全新世石笋δ~(18)O、δ~(13)C记录进行多尺度分解,分别获得8、9个本征模分量。在254 a以下尺度上,石笋δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O的本征模分量基本一致,其中254 a和116 a两个周期都类似于大气Δ~(14)C表征的太阳活动周期,表明植被生产力和低纬水汽都受控于太阳活动。同一周期对应的δ~(13)C振幅几乎是δ~(18)O的2倍,说明洞穴地点的土壤生产率放大了太阳活动的初始信号。526 a周期对石笋δ~(13)C贡献最大(~20%),与北大西洋深层水体550 a周期一致,可能的机制是北半球高纬气候通过西风带影响了东亚大陆的环境变化。石笋δ~(13)C的趋势分量变化平稳,明显不同于δ~(18)O的趋势分量,表明洞穴地点的土壤生产率并不直接响应于轨道尺度的太阳辐射变化。 相似文献
5.
介形虫化石壳体被认为是反映古湖泊沉积环境的理想对象。在过去的30年,介形虫壳体的δ13C和δ18O测定已经被广泛应用到湖泊沉积古气候及古环境的重建。由于湖泊生物碳酸盐样品不同的前处理方法可能会影响到稳定同位素测试结果的重现性和辨析率以及实验室之间数据的可比性,采用有效的方法对介形虫壳体进行预处理是保证介壳稳定同位素测试的一个关键环节。在总结目前常用的湖泊生物碳酸盐稳定同位素测试样品处理方法的基础上,通过对青海湖现代和古代沉积物中介形虫的测定,讨论各种处理方法对介形虫壳体稳定同位素测试结果(δ13C和δ18O)的影响。实验表明:不同处理方法对所测介壳样品的δ13C值和δ18O值不会产生大的影响,在介壳样品的稳定同位素测试之前不需要对介壳样品进行处理。 相似文献
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7.
对天目山两株柳杉(分别简称CF-1与CF-3),分别测定了不同方位上的树轮δ13C年序列。方差分析表明:天目山柳杉树轮δ13C值存在显著的方位差异和年际变化。不同方位上δ13C序列年际变化趋势基本一致,但极值出现的方位存在明显的年际漂移。同一树体各方位之间及两树体对应方位之间δ13C值均存在较好的相关性,表明区域环境背景条件对树轮δ13C值方位变化及年际变化趋势的影响是共同的。重点分析了局部环境差异对树轮δ13C方位变化的影响。不同坡向及树冠不同方位光照条件的差异是造成树轮δ13C值方位变化的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
对采自西藏东南部的喜马拉雅冷杉和林芝云杉交叉定年后 ,进行了过去 1 0 0年的年轮δ13 C分析。结果表明 :冷杉和云杉年轮δ13 C序列记录了大气CO2 浓度升高引起大气CO2 的δ13 C下降的全球性趋势 ,但两者的响应程度不同。冷杉和云杉年轮δ13 C高频变化包含共同的气候环境变化信息 ,但在细节变化上存在差异。在对气候变化的响应上 ,两者记录的信息可以进行相互比较 ,以便利用不同地区不同树种的δ13 C进行大区域气候重建。 相似文献
9.
湖泊生物碳酸盐形成于湖水底层,化学碳酸盐形成于湖水表层;处于湖积物同一层位的两种成因类型的碳酸盐氧同位素组成(δ18O)差异可能反映了二者形成时的环境差异,如湖泊不同深度的水温差异、碳酸盐质生物如介形类小生境水体δ18O值、两种成因碳酸盐形成的时间先后、湖泊表层水体蒸发情况等。在进行碳酸盐δ18O环境意义分析时,应分开测试生物碳酸盐和化学碳酸盐δ18O。 相似文献
10.
天目山柳杉树轮δ13C年序列的共性与个性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定天目山3株柳杉树轮的δ^13C年序列,发现δ^13C年序列值存在差异,但序列的变化趋势基本一致。对3个树轮δ^13C序列作相关分析,相关系数为0．47～0．65,通过了α为0．001的信度检验;用二项式拟合法与差值法对3个δ^13C序列含有的高频与低频成分进行分离,3个低频序列间的相关系数达0．93～0．99,3个高频序列间的相关系数达0．79～0．84,相关性显著提高;低频部分与大气CO2浓度高度负相关,高频部分与季节的气温、降水高度相关。分析3个树轮δ^13C序列间差异形成原因,结果表明：3个树轮δ^13C序列含有相似的高频与低频变化,气候因素与大气因素（如CO2浓度）对不同柳杉个体δ^13C年序列高、低频变化的影响是共同的;3个δ^13C序列的差异主要由树木立地处局部环境条件的差异引起。不同树木个体其δ^13C序列的共性变化是主要的,个性差异并不影响树轮δ^13C作为研究气候变化代用资料的适宜性,利用同一地区不同立地处的树轮δ^13C序列可以重建基本一致的历史气候和大气CO2浓度变化。 相似文献
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12.
WANG Hong-ya 《地理学报(英文版)》2000,(1)
ChalacteriStics of lacustrine sediments are often capable of ~ring the hydrological regales of the lakeand its environment and human achvihes in itS catclunent during the sedimentahon of these sedimentS.Therefore, by identifying these characteristics of sedimentS, it is likely to postUlate the physicalconditions in and around the lake during geological periods. Such reconstrUction of palaeoenvironmentshas become an increasingly important branch of ear sciences as there has been an expanded n… 相似文献
13.
青海湖Q14B沉积物柱芯560~415 cm(约14.0~10.5 ka B.P.)段,介壳1δ8O高于无机碳酸盐1δ8O可能反映了此时青海湖表层水温高于底层水温;介壳1δ8O与无机碳酸盐1δ8O之间的较小差值可能揭示了此时青海湖水位很浅,气候干冷;介壳1δ8O变幅大于无机碳酸盐1δ8O变幅,则可能源于此时青海湖水位大幅度波动导致的底层水温变幅超过表层,以及无机碳酸盐1δ8O测自全碳酸盐所致。在利用湖泊碳酸盐1δ8O进行气候及环境变化研究时,有必要分别测试不同种属介形虫及不同无机碳酸盐矿物的同位素值。 相似文献
14.
Maria Fajer Jan Maciej Waga Mariusz Rzetala Artur Szymczyk Ma?gorzata Nita Robert Machowski Martyna A. Rzetala Marek Ruman 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,48(4):651-667
Jezioro Lake is the only natural lake in southern Poland outside mountainous areas to have existed continuously since the Pleistocene. The record of environmental change in the Late Vistulian (Weichselian) and Holocene is preserved in the deposits and landforms around the lake. This paper presents the results of paleogeographical and paleoecological research that emabled us to reconstruct the history of the Jezioro Lake. At the end of the Vistulian period, the outlet of the lake was blocked by a parabolic dune moving in from the west. Limnic sedimentation was evident in the sediment core at all levels from the Holocene, with remains of Cladocera, Chironomidae larvae, and aquatic plants. The lake did not disappear at that time, although its area decreased by a factor of 12 by the end of the period. Paleobotanical research permitted the reconstruction of sequences of plant communities and changes in nutrient status and water level. An initial oligotrophic lake, as indicated by the presence of Iso?tes lacustris L., changed to a eutrophic lake, as indicated by the presence of Potamogeton natans L. and Nuphar sp., then the lake progressed to the present-day dystrophic lake that is surrounded by a swamp. The profile of organic deposits contains a record of environmental change at least since the Younger Dryas in southern Poland. 相似文献
15.
Identification of the sources of organic matter in sedimentary records provides important paleolimnologic information. As the types and abundances of plant life in and around lakes change, the composition and amount of organic matter delivered to lake sediments changes. Despite the extensive early diagenetic losses of organic matter in general and of some of its important biomarker compounds in particular, bulk identifiers of organic matter sources appear to undergo minimal alteration after sedimentation. Age-related changes in the elemental, isotopic, and petrographic compositions of bulk sedimentary organic matter therefore preserve evidence of past environmental changes.We review different bulk organic matter proxies of climate change in tropical and temperate sedimentary records ranging in age from 10-500 ka. Times of wetter climate result in enhanced algal productivity in lakes as a consequence of greater wash-in of soil nutrients, and these periods are recorded as elevated Rock-Eval hydrogen indices, lowered organic C/N ratios, less negative organic 13C values, and increased organic carbon mass accumulation rates. Lowering of lake water levels, which typically depresses algal productivity, can also cause an apparent increase in organic carbon mass accumulation rates through suspension of sediments from lake margins and redeposition in deeper basins. Alternations between C3 and C4 watershed plants accompany climate changes such as glacial/interglacial transitions and wet/dry cycles, and these changes in land-plant types are evident in 13C values of organic matter in lake sediments. Changes in climate-driven hydrologic balances of lakes are recorded in D values of sedimentary organic matter. Visual microscopic examination of organic matter detritus is particularly useful in identifying changes in bulk organic matter delivery to lake sediments and therefore is important as an indicator of climate changes. 相似文献
16.
藏南沉错沉积物的粒度特征及其古环境意义 总被引：35，自引：2，他引：35
通过对藏南沉错粒度参数的分析 ,并结合与其它环境代用指标的比较 ,可以将本地区约 1 40 0年来环境变化分为四个阶段 :约 5 93A.D.～ 82 1 A.D.是湖泊水位相对较高而且变化频繁的时期 ,反映了波动较大且比较湿润的气候状况 ;约 82 1 A.D.～ 1 343A.D.是一个较长的气候相对稳定时期 ,粒度指示该阶段湖泊扩张 ,湖面升高 ,反映了湿润的气候状况 ;约 1 343A.D.～ 1 892 A.D.是一个气候波动十分剧烈且频繁的时期 ,其中约 1 60 2 A.D.前后可能出现了一次短时间的流水突然增加 ,而在这前后各有一个浅水阶段 ( 1 343A.D.～ 1 5 1 2 A.D.和 1 670 A.D.～ 1 892 A.D.) ,反映了湖泊补给程度的减弱 ;1 892 A.D.～1 998A.D.是一个相对稳定的时期 ,湖面变化不太明显 ,而 1 892 A.D.前后具有一个明显的补给水动力减弱的变化。粒度参数所反映的湖面波动与环境变化得到了其他环境代用指标较好的支持。 相似文献
17.
基于MODIS的青藏高原湖泊透明度遥感反演 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
湖泊透明度是湖泊水体性质的一个重要参数,是湖泊浮游生物和进入湖泊的有机和无机颗粒溶解程度的综合反映,对湖泊生态环境研究具有重要的科学及实践意义。遥感影像是获取面积广、时间长的湖泊透明度的重要手段,但由于实测数据缺乏,目前对青藏高原地区湖泊透明度的遥感反演研究相对不足。本文基于青藏高原地区24个湖泊实测透明度SD(Secchi Depth)值和相应的MODIS遥感影像,建立了该地区湖泊水体透明度SD值MODIS遥感反演模型。结果表明：基于MODIS绿色波段B4的单波段幂函数模型在该地区反演效果最好,精度较高(R2=0.91, N=24),并具有较好的稳定性。以当惹雍错为例,选用该模型反演得到湖泊透明度的时间变化序列,发现该湖存在明显的季节波动和较为明显的年际变化。初步分析得出,降水/融水季节的湖泊透明度与湖泊所在流域的降水率具有密切的关系。本文结果表明,利用遥感手段能够有效地开展青藏高原地区湖泊透明度的反演,可为进一步深入研究该地区湖泊透明度及其影响要素奠定基础。 相似文献
18.
Holocene development of aquatic vegetation in shallow Lake Njargajavri,Finnish Lapland,with evidence of water-level fluctuations and drying 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Holocene development of aquatic plant communities in subarctic Lake Njargajavri, Finnish Lapland, was studied using plant macrofossil analysis. Sediment lithology, grain size, and C/N ratios showed distinct lithological phases, indicating past water-level fluctuations. The colonization of limnophytes took place right after the formation of the lake (after ca. 11,500 cal. BP). The earliest plant macrofossil assemblages indicate nutrient-rich conditions and a warmer climate than at present. After this primary succession phase, aquatic vascular plants were replaced by aquatic bryophytes (before ca. 10,200 cal. BP). Together with lithological evidence, we interpret this as being related to the lowering water table. According to palynological, chronological, and sedimentological evidence, Njargajavri underwent a very shallow phase between ca. 10,000 and 9500 cal. BP and dried out for an unknown period of time between ca. 8000 and 5000 cal. BP. After the dry phase, the water level started to rise and sedimentation at the coring point began again. Despite re-establishment of the lacustrine habitat, late-Holocene plant macrofossil data show no marked recolonization of either vascular limnophytes or bryophytes. The reason for all limnophytes being presently absent from the lake remains speculative. The lack of nutrients and/or the cooling climate (especially shortening of the open-water season) during the latter part of the Holocene may explain why limnophytes failed to recolonize the lake. 相似文献
19.
P. Anadón R. Utrilla A. Vázquez M. Martín-Rubio J. Rodriguez-Lázaro F. Robles 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(3):399-419
Stable isotopes and trace-element content of calcite ostracod valves and aragonite mollusc shells from the Pliocene lacustrine
succession of Villarroya allow depicting the geochemical record of environmental changes and to compare our data to the paleoenvironmental
reconstruction obtained from other proxies. The lower sequences (A and B) are characterized by relatively high isotopic and
Me/Ca values in the biogenic carbonates. The recorded large variations of δ18O in these carbonates mainly reflect variations in the δ18Ow due to precipitation–evaporation processes and, to a lesser extent, variations in temperature of calcification. The δ13C data inform about changes in DIC although they are probably biased by the vital effects of the studied taxa. Minor and trace
element contents in ostracod (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) and mollusc shells (Sr/Ca) are mainly linked to the Me/Ca of the lake water (Me/Caw), and to a lesser extent to temperature and to uptake kinetic effects. Several possible mechanisms may make the Me/Caw to vary: long periods of Ca-carbonate (calcite, aragonite) deposition after charophyte development, and different inputs
for Ca and Mg to the lake due to changes in drainage area configurations through time, including the changes in saline inputs
(Na-Cl type) to the lake. The stable isotopes and the calculated Sr/Caw and Mg/Caw from sequence C display lower values than those from sequences A and B. The isotopic values from biogenic carbonates of unit
C indicate isotopically diluted waters in a hydrologically open lacustrine environment. Distinct δ13C and δ18O plots for molluscs from unit C reflect the different biotopes and metabolism type. For several intervals of the Villarroya
succession there is no direct relationships among: (i) salinity changes inferred from invertebrate paleoecology, (ii) paleoenvironmental
slices based on isotopic signatures and Me/Caw calculations (from biogenic carbonate geochemistry) and (iii) climate in the hinterland deduced from pollen data. Lakes where
geochemical behaviour is constrained by sporadic saline inputs and/or relative depletion in Ca due to long periods of Ca-carbonate
precipitation or biomineralization, like the Pliocene Villarroya lake was, do not show clear correlation patterns between
geochemical signals and climate proxies. In these lakes only major environmental trends display unambiguous geochemical signatures,
and only some main shifts in the geochemical signature profiles may be correlated with significant global and/or regional
environmental changes that have been reported from other paleoenvironmental records.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献