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1.
基于热模拟实验的富有机质泥页岩成岩作用及演化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
富有机质泥页岩蕴含丰富的油气资源,但成岩研究基础薄弱,已成为制约页岩油气勘探开发进程的重要因素。通过开展成岩热模拟实验,结合扫描电镜观察、流体成分测试及有机酸测试等实验测试手段,全面描述实验过程中所发生的水-岩化学反应,试图揭示泥页岩成岩过程及成岩演化规律。研究结果显示,有机质热演化过程中存在一个较宽的有机酸生成窗口,对孔隙流体性质具有重要影响;长石和方解石存在接力溶蚀现象,长石溶蚀高峰过后紧接着出现方解石溶蚀高峰,但方解石溶蚀窗较窄,此后出现方解石重新沉淀结晶;黏土矿物转化及长石的溶蚀过程中会产生大量自生微晶石英,成链状或簇状胶结泥页岩骨架。泥页岩地层作为一个相对封闭体系,各类成岩作用之间相互关联,相互影响,构成错综复杂的成岩体系,进一步增加其成岩作用研究难度。 相似文献
2.
为了分析含气陆相页岩中石英矿物的成因、分布及其影响因素,以四川盆地自流井组含气页岩层段为主要研究对象,利用X射线衍射分析、普通薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、电子探针及元素地球化学分析测试手段,识别出陆源石英和成岩过程中形成的石英。陆源石英在阴极光下表现为棕色光,粒径较大。成岩过程中形成的石英在阴极发光下不发光,晶形较好,粒径较小。根据成岩作用的不同,将成岩过程中形成的石英细分为黏土矿物转化过程中形成的石英和硅质交代介壳边缘形成的石英。分析不同成因的石英分布特征发现,东岳庙段内石英矿物主要为陆源输入和黏土转化成因;马鞍山段内的石英主要为陆源石英;大安寨段内的石英则为硅质交代自生和陆源输入成因。在此基础上,总结了陆相页岩中不同成因石英的影响因素,包括沉积环境和地层压力。在沉积环境方面,随陆源物质输入的增加,陆源石英增加。同时,适合的湖水盐度,有利于介壳生物的生存,为硅质交代介壳形成石英提供物质基础。此外,地层的异常高压会抑制黏土转化,减少硅质析出,阻碍自生石英的沉淀。 相似文献
3.
为了解页岩气储层石英类型和特征,以四川盆地龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,对样品进行了薄片观察、氩离子抛光-场发射环境扫描电镜观察、能谱分析、X-射线衍射分析、有机碳含量测试。结果表明,龙马溪组页岩石英含量在23%~83%之间,平均值为52%。根据成因,可分为5类:陆源碎屑石英、生物骨骼相关石英、沉积期-成岩早期混合石英、成岩期自生石英和裂缝中石英脉。石英含量与有机碳含量成正相关,其中有机石英在还原环境下能更好地指示有机质的发育情况。有机石英是指保留有软体并演化成干酪根的生物骨骼石英、交代生物骨架石英和与沥青伴生石英。与沥青伴生石英堆积在页岩原生孔隙中,降低了储层的孔隙度,但在一定程度上抑制了后期成岩作用,为沥青的充注保留了空间,且石英与沥青之间发育的缝隙与有机孔一起形成连通的孔隙网络。 相似文献
4.
Despite recent advances, diagenetic processes in fine-grained sediments are still relatively poorly understood. Key questions still to be resolved include the types of diagenetic minerals present in mudstones and the extent of element mobility in these low permeability systems. This study utilizes data from the Haynesville-Bossier Shale, USA, to analyze lithologies, discriminate authigenic phases and identify mobile elements during diagenesis. It has implications for understanding how authigenic minerals develop and the sources of those authigenic minerals in fine-grained sediments. On the basis of grain-size and mineralogy five lithologies are designated: (i) silica-rich argillaceous mudstones; (ii) argillaceous siliceous mudstones; (iii) mixed siliceous mudstones; (iv) mixed mudstones; and (v) authigenically-dominated mudstones. The diagenetic development of the Haynesville-Bossier Shale can be divided into early and late diagenesis. Ferroan and non-ferroan dolomite, framboidal pyrite and bioclast pore-filling kaolinite and calcite grain replacements and cements all formed during early diagenesis. Late diagenetic mineral phases include illite formed by the illitization of smectite, replacive and displacive chlorite, calcite-replacive albite, quartz-replacive calcite and replacive and/or displacive quartz. The presence of extensive late diagenetic mineral precipitates indicates that there was a degree of element mobility on at least the local scale. Aluminium present in albite is most likely to have resulted from the illitization of smectite. Quartz overgrowths probably resulted from illitization and the pressure dissolution at quartz silt grain boundaries. Externally, hydrothermal fluids resulting from regional-scale igneous activity appear to have played a role in the formation of chlorite and possibly albite. The work indicates that extensive mineral development and element mobility occurred during late diagenesis. 相似文献
5.
通过岩芯观察、镜下薄片、扫描电镜和X衍射分析等资料,对松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段砂岩的岩石学特征、成岩作用类型、成岩阶段划分和成岩共生序列及孔隙演化特征进行了研究。结果表明：龙西地区泉四段主要为长石质岩屑砂岩,局部为岩屑质长石砂岩;经历的主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、自生石英胶结作用、自生黏土矿物胶结作用、碳酸盐胶结作用、交代和溶蚀作用等;龙西地区泉四段砂岩为中成岩阶段A期,且细分为A1和A2亚期;随着成岩演化,压实和胶结作用使得原生孔隙减小,而溶蚀作用使得储层孔隙结构得到改善;孔隙类型由缩小粒间孔组成变为由缩小粒间孔和溶蚀粒间孔组合组成。 相似文献
6.
致密砂岩储层成岩作用复杂,成岩相分布表现出明显的差异性。以物性、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射、高压压汞等测试数据为基础,对鄂尔多斯盆地东部子洲气田山32段砂岩的成岩作用和成岩相进行了研究。结果表明:岩性以石英砂岩为主,岩屑含量自西向东表现出增加趋势;残余粒间孔、溶蚀孔和晶间孔为主要孔隙类型;压实压溶作用使原生粒间孔大量损失;胶结作用对储集空间具有双重影响,但整体使物性变差;溶解作用对石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩的影响不同,对石英砂岩的溶蚀程度更高;综合多项成岩阶段划分指标,子洲气田山32段砂岩已进入晚成岩B期,部分指标进入C期;参考多项定性和定量参数,划分出6种成岩相,分布于水下分流河道厚砂体中的石英加大粒间孔-溶蚀孔相是最有利的成岩相带,石英加大粒间孔-晶间孔相和粘土杂基充填晶间孔-溶蚀孔相次之,成岩相的平面分布受沉积微相和碎屑组分变化影响明显。 相似文献
7.
黄骅坳陷三马地区中-深部储层成岩作用及主控因素分析 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
黄骅坳陷三马地区储集岩样品的显微特征及成岩矿物的组合关系分析结果表明，三马地区下第三系中深层储层主要处于晚成岩A期，成岩现象包括石英、长石的次生加大、碳酸盐矿物胶结作用、矿物交代作用、溶解作用和粘土矿物转化作用等。其中石英次生加大于2700m左右开始出现，随埋深增大，石英增生加强；长石次生加大现象不十分普遍；碳酸盐胶结作用包括早期自生泥晶方解石胶结作用、连晶方解石和晚期白云石(或铁方解石)的胶结作用。在扫描电镜下可见到方解石与含铁方解石集合体充填在粒间孔隙中或与石英、钠长石及粘土矿物共生，白云岩多呈菱形粒状分布于粒间；常见的交代现象主要有方解石交代长石、石英及粘土矿物，粘土矿物交代长石、石英等；溶解作用主要有长石的溶解、碳酸盐颗粒的溶解和方解石胶结物的溶解等，粘土矿物的转化主要为蒙脱石、高岭石向伊利石(或绿泥石)转化。还讨论了储层岩相、岩性特征、孔隙水中有机酸含量、早期方解石的充填、烃类早期注入等因素对储层成岩演化的控制作用。 相似文献
8.
Spectacularly developed lower Eocene chert in the Corones platform carbonates of the Spanish Pyrenees is concentrated within a restricted, brackish-water, laminated ostracod-rich facies, which also contains abundant sponge spicules. The chert occurs as nodular, bedded and mottled varieties, and four petrographic types of quartz are developed: microquartz; length-fast (LF) chalcedony; megaquartz; and microspheres. δ18 O values of chert range from 29·6‰ to 30·9‰ (SMOW), which correspond to a broad isotope rank common for biogenic and diagenetic replacement cherts. Calcian dolomite crystals with high Fe and Na are disseminated within the microquartz and LF-chalcedony, but are absent from the megaquartz and host carbonate. The chert is closely associated with desiccation cracks and with interstratal dewatering structures. Load casts are silicified, and laminae rich in sponge spicules are convoluted. Early cracks related to dewatering are filled by microquartz and quartz cements. Ostracod shells within chert are locally fractured; those in the host carbonate are commonly flattened. Late fractures are filled by LF-chalcedony and megaquartz. There is much evidence for the dissolution of sponge spicules and their calcitization in the carbonate host rock. Silica for the Corones cherts was derived from sponges during early diagenesis and shallow burial. Early mechanical compaction and sediment dewatering played a major role in sponge spicule dissolution, migration of silica-rich fluids and the consequent precipitation of chert. Quartz cements continued to be precipitated into the burial environment. 相似文献
9.
运用X射线衍射技术,对柴北缘中侏罗统46块岩心泥页岩样品和15块露头泥页岩样品进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明研究区泥页岩矿物成分中黏土矿物含量最高,介于33%~79.7%之间,平均54.3%;其次为石英,含量介于14.5%~57.8%之间,平均35.4%;碳酸盐矿物含量较少,总量一般介于0~13%之间,个别样品大于15%,露头样品与岩心样品矿物成分有差别。黏土矿物组合特征反映出研究区进入中成岩阶段,对应有机质演化的成熟阶段,具有适宜页岩油气形成的成熟度条件。扫描电镜显示,研究区泥页岩发育3种孔隙类型。与海相页岩相比,柴北缘中侏罗统泥页岩黏土矿物含量高但敏感性矿物含量低,石英、长石等脆性矿物含量偏低但达到湖相泥页岩开发标准,脆性指数平均为42.6%,整体上具有较好的脆性和可压性,有利于该区湖相页岩的压裂改造。 相似文献
10.
页岩粒度细小、岩石致密、微观非均质性显著,在成岩作用改造下发育形成页岩气储层,成岩作用的研究可以为优质页岩储层发育机理提供依据。以渝西地区綦江观音桥剖面、南川泉浅1井、南川三泉剖面、大足Z-203井等代表性剖面、钻孔为例,通过X射线衍射、氩离子抛光—场发射扫描电镜、能谱、岩石薄片/光片显微观察、有机地球化学测试、力学特征测试等手段,对储层成岩作用及其对储层力学脆性的影响展开系统研究。结果表明,研究区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩物质组分、岩石结构、力学性质存在层段性差异,成岩作用阶段介于晚成岩作用阶段至极低级变质作用阶段之间;储层主要成岩作用类型可以划分为压实作用等物理性成岩作用、矿物溶蚀作用等矿物相关化学性成岩作用和有机质生烃作用等有机质相关化学性成岩作用三类。研究区五峰组—龙马溪组底部存在部分脆性矿物高于80%的超高脆性矿物含量层段,碳质—硅质富层理页岩在特殊储层成岩作用的影响下形成大量自生微晶石英,构成以微晶石英+赋孔有机质为主的显微物相组合,兼具良好的力学脆性与储集能力,而其他层段缺乏持续演化不断形成微晶石英的物质基础。储层成岩作用发生的物质基础、岩石结构、类型、作用强度在层段间的差异,是储层脆性矿物与力学性质差异的关键影响因素,应纳入储层评价与优质储层机理研究的关注范畴。 相似文献
11.
为明确克拉美丽气田滴西地区石炭系蚀变熔结凝灰岩储层经历的流体作用及成岩孔隙演化过程,利用铸体薄片观察、扫描电镜、电子探针、阴极发光、荧光、微量/稀土元素分析及U-Pb同位素定年等方法技术开展综合研究.结果表明,火山碎屑物质的溶解及成岩转化为自生矿物的形成提供了物质基础;成岩过程中因埋藏、生烃、热液充注等活动而产生的成岩环境改变是控制区内孔隙形成及演化的重要因素:伴随着有机质的成熟,有机酸溶蚀形成大量晶屑铸模孔并在孔隙中沉淀出高岭石及石英;随着酸性流体向碱性转变,在溶蚀孔隙中沉淀出钠长石以及方解石,其充填作用使孔隙急剧减少;燕山中期（135±27 Ma）的构造热事件对储层形成及演化起到关键作用:高温、含硅热液流体的充注使基质中的伊利石转变为钾长石,同时二次溶解形成的Ca2+与流体携带的P5+、Ti4+、F-等离子结合形成含氟磷灰石、榍石充填孔隙,多余的SiO2则在孔隙中沉淀出石英.随着成岩环境再次向碱性、还原环境转变,含砷黄铁矿进一步在孔隙中形成,高岭石则进一步向绿泥石转化.温度升高引起的脱玻化、黏土矿物/沸石矿物转化、重结晶作用以及溶解作用在一定程度上增加了岩石中的次生储集空间,有利于油气的储集. 相似文献
12.
Variations in the oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of five cherts from the 1.9 Ga Gunflint iron formation (Canada) were studied at the micrometer scale by ion microprobe to try to better understand the processes that control δ18O values in cherts and to improve seawater paleotemperature reconstructions. Gunflint cherts show clearly different δ18O values for different types of silica with for instance a difference of ≈15‰ between detrital quartz and microquartz. Microquartz in the five samples is characterized by large intra sample variations in δ18O values, (δ18O of quartz varies from 4.6‰ to 6.6‰ at the 20 μm scale and from ≈12‰ to 14‰ at 2 μm scale). Isotopic profiles in microquartz adjacent to hydrothermal quartz veins demonstrate that microquartz more than ≈200 μm away from the veins has preserved its original δ18O value.At the micrometer spatial resolution of the ion probe, data reveal that microquartz has preserved a considerable δ18O heterogeneity that must be regarded as a signature inherited from its diagenetic history. Modelling of the δ18O variations produced during the diagenetic transformation of sedimentary amorphous silica precursors into microquartz allows us to calculate seawater temperature (Tsw at which the amorphous silica precipitated) and diagenesis temperature (Tdiagenesis at which microquartz formed) that reproduce the δ18O distributions (mean, range and shape) measured at micrometer scale in microquartz. The two critical parameters in this modelling are the δ18O value and the mass fraction of the diagenetic fluid. Under these assumptions, the most likely ranges for Tsw and Tdiagenesis are from 37 to 52 °C and from 130 to 170 °C, respectively. 相似文献
13.
作者应用阴极发光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针及包体测温等手段,对华北太原组石英砂岩的硅质胶结现象、形成温度、物质来源及其对储集性的影响作了研究。结果表明:太原组石英砂岩有两期硅质胶结,第二期规模大;其形成温度为130°-140℃;砂岩处于中成岩阶段晚期;硅质胶结作用是使该砂岩丧失良好储集性能的主要因素。 相似文献
14.
以南方早古生代海相页岩和华北石炭-二叠纪陆相（包括海陆交互相）页岩为研究对象,以场发射扫描电镜微观观测和相关物化测试结果为基础资料,重点对页岩的矿物成因、显微组分、有机质孔隙、岩石力学性质等进行对比性研究。结果表明:海相页岩与陆相页岩有异有同;海相页岩的基本特征是自生矿物多于陆源碎屑,自生石英含量丰富且与有机质同源分异,交互共生,显微组分是以低等生物为原始质料的沥青质体,且纳米级孔隙发育较好;陆相页岩的基本特征是陆源碎屑和泥质为主,自生矿物含量少,显微组分主要是以高等植物为原始质料的各种有机碎屑体,有机质纳米孔隙不发育。这些基本特征导致海相页岩和陆相页岩的生烃潜力、储层物性、岩石可压裂性等均有明显差异,页岩气资源评价与勘探开发需要区别对待。 相似文献
15.
以鄂尔多斯盆地苏77、召51区块山_2~3段储层为例,利用测井资料,岩心资料和铸体(普通)薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射及压汞等实验,对储层基本特征、成岩作用特征、成岩相类型及平面展布特征进行研究。结果表明:储层岩石类型以石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主,成分成熟度较高,结构成熟度较低,物性低孔-特低渗。成岩作用以中等-强压实、中等-强胶结及强溶蚀为主,处于中成岩B期。依据成岩作用强度、典型自生矿物和孔隙类型,划分出4种成岩相。优势沉积微相与有利成岩相密切相关,分布于边滩或河道砂坝主砂带上的中等压实-石英弱加大-粒间孔-溶蚀相属最有利成岩相带,中等压实-中等-强伊利石、高岭石胶结-晶间孔-溶蚀孔相次之。 相似文献
16.
通过对川西坳陷新场气田上三叠统须家河组须四、须二段储集层成岩作用类型及其特征研究,认为储集层主要经历了压实压溶作用、自生矿物胶结作用和溶解作用3种类型。储集层成岩-储集相可以划分成5种,即强溶解成岩-储集相、绿泥石衬边粒间孔成岩-储集相、压实压溶成岩-储集相、碳酸盐胶结成岩-储集相和石英次生加大成岩-储集相。不同的储集层成岩-储集相由于经历了不同的成岩演化序列,使得储集层中的残余原生粒间孔和次生溶孔的形成条件各不一样,储集层中孔隙的保存主要决定于孔隙被压实、自生矿物的充填、多期的溶解作用等因素,并与孔隙中发育的绿泥石衬边有紧密联系。在上述5种成岩-储集相中,有效的成岩-储集相只有两种,即强溶解成岩-储集相和绿泥石衬边粒间孔成岩-储集相,它们对须家河组须四、须二段优质储层的形成起着至关重要的作用,而其它几种成岩-储集相对优质储层的形成是无效的。 相似文献
17.
尽管泥页岩在埋藏过程中经历的复杂成岩改造会显著影响页岩油气储层发育潜力,但对其成岩作用,特别是泥页岩中成岩矿物的类型、成岩演化及其影响因素、成岩矿物元素在低孔低渗孔隙系统中的迁移等问题的认识仍很薄弱,因而制约了对泥页岩储层的深入认识。为此,本文以塔里木盆地西北缘下寒武统玉尔吐斯组发育的两套黑色岩系为例,在沉积环境认识的基础上,通过矿物组分、黏土矿物组合、有机碳含量及有机质成熟度等测定分析,着重研究了黑色岩系自生矿物的分布及在成岩演化阶段的变化特征,阐述了成岩变化的时空分布及其影响因素。研究结果表明：（1）在浅水缓坡台地环境下,玉尔吐斯组受两个较为完整的海进-海退沉积旋回控制而形成的两套黑色岩系主要经历了早成岩阶段和中成岩阶段;（2）受沉积环境和热液作用的影响,这两套黑色岩系在石英、重晶石、碳酸盐胶结物和黏土矿物等自生矿物的组合、分布及形成顺序上存在显著的差异,呈现出差异性成岩演化的特点;（3）伊利石、伊蒙混层、绿泥石、白云石、石英胶结等中成岩阶段成岩产物的广泛分布,反映出在成岩过程中特别是中成岩阶段低孔低渗的泥页岩仍存在一定程度的内部和外部来源的矿物元素迁移。本次研究对深入认识塔里木西北缘下寒武统黑色岩系成岩机制,以及分析页岩储层发育特征提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
18.
Fang Xiang Yuwan Wang Qin Feng Deyan Zhang Junxing Zhao 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(7):507
Chlorite rims are the most common type of authigenic chlorite in sandstones, and attract particular attention because they are always found in high-quality sandstone reservoirs. This study researches chlorite rims in sandstones of the Chang 9 oil-bearing member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos basin, China. Using casting thin sections, a scanning electron microscope and porosity–permeability data, the following issues were addressed: (1) the formation stage of chlorite rims, (2) the relationship of chlorite rim formation to other diagenetic features, and (3) the relationship of chlorite rims with sandstone reservoir quality. From the results, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) chlorite rims form during the A–B phase of eodiagenesis, (2) chlorite rims cannot enhance the mechanical strength of rocks and their ability to resist compaction, (3) the reason that chlorite rims inhibit quartz secondary enlargement is a change in pH and silica concentration leading to the cessation of quartz growth. However, chlorite rims have no relationship with the formation of later idiomorphic authigenic quartz; (4) chlorite rims cannot enhance the reservoir quality of sandstone, but can be an indicator of high primary intergranular porosity. 相似文献
19.
鄂尔多斯盆地马家滩地区石盒子组是天然气的重点勘探层位。对马家滩地区石盒子组的岩石学特征和成岩作用研究表明,石盒子组的储层岩石类型主要为石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩,少量的长石岩屑砂岩。储层砂岩的成岩作用类型主要有压实和压溶、石英次生加大、胶结、溶解。根据成岩作用特征,建立了研究区储层砂岩的成岩共生序列: 自生伊利石--自生绿泥石--石英次生加大--高岭石--方解石。鄂尔多斯盆地作为中国CO2 地下埋藏的潜在目标区,开展CO2 可能埋藏层段的岩石学特征和成岩作用研究,可为CO2 地质储存的数值模拟研究提供岩石学信息。 相似文献
20.
Makoto Haruna Takahiro Hanamuro Kaoru Uyeda Hirokazu Fujimaki Hiroshi Ohmoto 《Resource Geology》2003,53(2):75-88
Abstract. The petrography, chemical, fluid inclusion and isotope analyses (O, Rb-Sr) were conducted for the shale samples of the Mount McRae Shale collected from the Tom Price, Newman, and Paraburdoo mines in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. The Mount McRae Shale at these mines occurs as a footwall unit of the secondary, hematite-rich iron ores derived from the Brockman Iron Formation, one of the largest banded iron formations (BIFs) in the world. Unusually low contents of Na, Ca, and Sr in the shales suggest that these elements were leached away from the shale after deposition. The δ18 O (SMOW) values fall in the range of + 15.0 to +17.9 per mil and show the positive correlation with calculated quartz/sericite ratios of the shale samples. This suggests that the oxygen isotopic compositions of shale samples were homogenized and equilibrated by postdepositional event. The pyrite nodules hosted by shales are often rimmed by thin layers of silica of varying crystallinity. Fluid inclusions in quartz crystals rimming a pyrite nodule show homogenization temperatures ranging from 100 to 240C for 47 inclusions and salinities ranging from 0.4 to 12.3 wt% NaCl equivalent for 18 inclusions. These fluid inclusion data give direct evidence for the hydrothermal activity and are comparable to those of the vein quartz collected from the BIF-derived secondary iron ores (Taylor et al, 2001). The Rb-Sr age for the Mount McRae Shale is 1,952 ± 289 Ma and at least 200 million years younger than the depositional age of the Brockman Iron Formation of ∼ 2.5 Ga in age. All the data obtained in this study are consistent with the suggestion that high temperature hydrothermal fluids were responsible for both the secondary iron ore formation and the alteration of the Mount McRae Shale. 相似文献