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鄂尔多斯高原植被生态分区及其水文地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
保护生态环境是鄂尔多斯高原地下水可持续开发利用中亟待解决的问题。在查清植被生态群落分布特征的基础上,通过分析植被演替的自然驱动因素,将鄂尔多斯高原的植被生态划分为基岩台地植被生态水文地质区、沙盖基岩植被生态水文地质区、沙地植被生态水文地质区和滩地植被生态水文地质区。结果表明,气象和地形地貌控制着区内植被生态的总体分布格局,包气带和地下水因素控制着植被生态的演替,沙地植被生态和滩地植被生态的生长发育与地下水关系密切,是地下水开发时保护植被生态的靶区。 相似文献
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《地下水》2017,(3)
民勤盆地位于我国甘肃省河西走廊石羊河流域的下游,上个世纪九十年代以后,该区域由于地下水大规模的开采,造成了水质恶化、植被退化、沙漠入侵等一系列的严重的生态和环境问题。为准确评价民勤盆地的地下水资源开采潜力,采用相对完整的地下水综合潜力评价方法,对民勤盆地地下水开采潜力进行定量评价。结果表明,民勤盆地地下水开采潜力指数P为1.16,潜力系数为1.18,地下水综合潜力模数为0.31,从综合地下水开发利用现状来看,地下水潜力一般,地下水开发利用处于临界值,地下水开发利用在保证当地国民经济规划用水中已处于极限状态。为今后地下水资源开发利用提供依据,保证民勤盆地生态环境安全。 相似文献
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本文是在新疆水利史上第一次沿塔克拉玛干沙漠最干旱剖面进行综合考察基础上，研究沙漠地下水成因，分布特征，概算其补给量、贮存量，并分析了沙漠地下水的开发利用条件。 相似文献
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张树桥 《水文地质工程地质》1980,(1)
一 陕北、陇东广大黄土丘陵区内的“涧地’、“掌形洼地”和内蒙南部毛乌苏沙漠区内的“滩地”中,蕴藏着较丰富的地下水,是干旱地区难得的富水地段。因地形平坦,土地肥沃,人口集中,农业发展急 相似文献
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生态植被与地下水关系研究是干旱半干旱地区地下水合理开发利用的基础。以植被空间分布和地下水埋深为基础资料,本文尝试提出大尺度生态植被与地下水关系半定量化分析的新方法——植被结构分析法,并以鄂尔多斯盆地内蒙古能源基地为例进行了示范研究。利用植被结构图分析法,可在定量研究生态植被与地下水关系基础上,统计分析地下水开发后生态植被出现演替的临界水位,并预测生态植被的整体演化趋势。 相似文献
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在阐述山西省晋中市地下水开发利用现状的同时,指出了环境问题,岩溶大泉衰减,地表水及地下水开发利用不平衡等方面存在的若干问题;提出了缓解地下水超采,合理开发利用地下水资源的一些对策和措施,为加强地下水保护,控制地下水超采、保证水资源可持续开发利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Comprehensive evaluation on the ecological function of groundwater in the Shiyang River watershed 
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下载免费PDF全文 Liu Min Nie Zhen-long Cao Le Wang Li-fang Lu Hui-xiong Wang Zhe Zhu Pu-cheng 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(4):326-340
With an arid climate and shortage of water resources, the groundwater dependent ecosystems in the oasis–desert ecotone of the Shiyang River Watershed has been extremely damaged, and the water crisis in the oasis has become a major concern in the social and the scientific community. In this study, the degeneration characteristics of the groundwater ecological function was identified and comprehensive evaluated, based on groundwater depth data, vegetation quadrat and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from Landsat program. The results showed that (1) the suitable groundwater depth for sustainable ecology in the Shiyang River Watershed is about 2-4 m; (2) the terms of degenerative, qualitative and disastrous stages of the groundwater ecological function are defined with the groundwater depths of about 5 m, 7 m and 10 m; (3) generally, the groundwater ecological function in the oasis-desert ecotone of the lower reaches of Shiyang River Watershed is weak with an area of 1 397.9 km2 identified as the severe deterioration region, which accounted 74.7% of the total area. In the meantime, the percentages of the good, mild and moderate deterioration areas of groundwater ecological function are 3.5%, 5.5% and 16.3%, respectively, which were mainly distributed in the Qingtu lake area and the southeastern area of the Shoucheng town; (4) the degradation and shrinkage of natural oasis could be attributed to the dramatic groundwater decline, which is generally caused by irrational use of water and soil resources. This study could provide theoretical basis and scientific support for the decision-making in environmental management and ecological restoration of the Shiyang River Watershed. 相似文献
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地下水具有重要的生态价值,地下水生态系统中的地下水位、水质和包气带含水率与含盐量的变化驱动着表生生态格局的演变,但目前对各变量的生态阈值研究尚处于起步阶段,理论与方法体系还不完善。以保定平原区为例,采用地下水位及地下水生态环境的历史回归法、GIS法、差分网格计算法等方法,从时空角度分析了地下水位变化的驱动力以及生态效应,在此基础上确定不同水文地质单元的生态水位阈值。研究表明:（1）20世纪50—60年代,研究区依赖于地下水的生态格局基本维持着天然状态;1959—2000年,地下水位持续下降,局部地段出现降落漏斗;2000—2008年,地下水位骤降,降落漏斗迅速扩张,地下水与地表水补排关系发生变异;2008年至今,部分区域地下水位逐渐上升。（2）研究区内山前地带地下水生态水位埋深为10~15?m,拒马河冲洪积扇群与漕河—瀑河冲洪积扇群为5~10?m,唐河—大沙河冲洪积扇群为3~5?m,冲积平原中定州—望都范围为3~5?m,保定市为10~15?m,其余均为5~10?m,冲湖积平原环淀区域小于3?m。（3）以确定的地下水生态水位为标准,初步估算研究区现状地下水位恢复至生态水位的需水量为57.14×108?m3。研究成果对恢复当地地下水生态环境格局有重要意义,对华北平原地下水生态水位的确定也具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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The ultimate goal of the protection and restoration of water ecosystem is intended to facilitate the healthiness of ecosystems in rivers and lakes, and the basic premise of river healthiness is to ensure the ecological water demand of rivers. Shenyang City is the economic and cultural center of Northeastern China, and most rivers in the territory of Shenyang City are plagued with the ecology and environment problems such as dry-up of river way, wetland shrinkage and groundwater overdraft. In protection and restoration of water ecosystem, Shenyang City should first study the ecological water demand of rivers. In this paper, we first defined the connotation, composition and calculation method of ecological water demand of rivers and selected eight major rivers in Shenyang City for ecological water demand study and calculation according to the characteristics of the rivers and water resources conditions in Shenyang City. We calculated the basic eco-environmental water demand and consumptive water demand for evaporation and seepage of river ways respectively and thus obtained the total eco-environmental water demand for eight rivers. In total eco-environmental water demand of rivers, consumptive water demand for evaporation and seepage of river ways accounts for 51% and the eco-environmental water demand of rivers accounts for 49% 相似文献
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基于遥感的毛乌素沙地红碱淖面积变化趋势及其影响因素分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
红碱淖是毛乌素沙地最大的内陆湖泊,是集旅游、渔业和生态湿地于一体的功能区。近年来,红碱淖面积萎缩,影响了其综合功能的发挥。为了查明红碱淖面积的变化趋势及其影响因素,在收集前人资料和研究成果的基础上,借助MODIS遥感数据反演了湖面面积,建立了2000年以来红碱淖面积的时间序列。在分析红碱淖面积的变化特征和影响因素后发现,早期红碱淖面积变化主要受气象因素的影响,湖泊面积呈周期性有规律的变化;后期在自然因素的基础上叠加了上游截流、地下水开采等人为因素的影响,湖泊面积在周期性变化的基础上总体呈现出萎缩的趋势。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2021,4(3):421-432
The Badain Jaran Desert is the third largest desert in China, covering an area of 50000 km2. It lies in Northwest China, where the arid and rainless natural environment has a great impact on the climate, environment, and human living conditions. Based on the results of 1∶250000 regional hydrogeological surveys and previous researches, this study systematically investigates the circulation characteristics and resource properties of the groundwater as well as the evolution of the climate and ecological environment since the Quaternary in the Badain Jaran Desert by means of geophysical exploration, hydrogeological drilling, hydrogeochemistry, and isotopic tracing. The results are as follows. (1) The groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert is mainly recharged through the infiltration of local precipitation and has poor renewability. The groundwater recharge in the desert was calculated to be 1.8684×108 m3/a using the water balance method. (2) The Badain Jaran Desert has experienced four humid stages since the Quaternary, namely MIS 13-15, MIS 5, MIS 3, and the Early–Middle Holocene, but the climate in the desert has shown a trend towards aridity overall. The average annual temperature in the Badain Jaran Desert has significantly increased in the past 50 years. In detail, it has increased by about 2.5°C, with a higher rate in the south than in the north. Meanwhile, the precipitation amount has shown high spatial variability and the climate has shown a warming-drying trend in the past 50 years. (3) The lakes in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert continuously shrank during 1973–2015. However, the vegetation communities maintained a highly natural distribution during 2000–2016, with the vegetation cover has increased overall. Accordingly, the Badain Jaran Desert did not show any notable expansion in that period. This study deepens the understanding of groundwater circulation and the climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert. It will provide a scientific basis for the rational exploitation of the groundwater resources and the ecological protection and restoration in the Badain Jaran Desert.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
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干旱半干旱区的地下水开发利用容易对原本脆弱的生态环境造成不利影响。内蒙古鄂尔多斯市浩勒报吉水源地属于半干旱区的地下水水源地。2009—2014年间,该水源地为满足工业供水需求开采地下水6.0×104~7.3×104 m3/d,产生了负面的生态环境后果。为核查环境变化与地下水开采的确切关系,调查分析了2004—2016年气象条件、地下水开采历程、地下水位、湖泊面积和植被指数的变化特征,建立定量指标进行了地下水开采的环境影响判别。结果表明,在2008—2014年期间,距开采区中心10 km范围的地下水位普遍下降1 m以上,奎生淖和敖各窖淖2个湖泊的面积萎缩约30%,水源地的植被指数对气候条件变化的敏感性增强。该水源地以往论证得到的可开采量偏大,应考虑生态环境约束将开采规模控制在3×104 m3/d以下。 相似文献
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武威盆地位于祁连山北麓,河西走廊东段,腾格里沙漠西侧,是一个历史悠久的农业灌溉盆地。本文针对该区由于不合理开发水资源所引起的生态环境问题,采用系统工程的思想和方法,应用地下水系统管理模型确定地下水系统的最优开采方案,以使地下水的开采在取得最大经济效益的同时,保持良好的生态环境和社会环境。论文通过地下水系统的目标分析、环境分析、结构分析和模型化,确立了盆地地下水系统管理的目标、自然环境、技术经济环境和社会环境约束条件,校正了地下水系统的数值模型。在此基础上,用响应矩阵法把地下水系统的数值模型与最优化模型藕合起来,建立了盆地地下水系统的管理模型。通过运转管理模型,获得了盆地地下水的最优开采方案,为地下水合理开发利用,提供了科学依据。 相似文献