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1.
Maria L. Fercia Roberto Lonis Roberto Peretti Antonio Sau Antonello Serci Antonio Zucca 《Resource Geology》2009,59(1):15-24
An investigation was conducted into the Tertiary ignimbrite formations in the Romana area in NW Sardinia. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry indicated the presence of clinoptilolite and subordinate smectite, quartz, mordenite and calcite. Laboratory analyses of representative samples collected from the deposit indicated a cation exchange capacity ranging from 85 to 135 mEq per 100 g. Ion exchange experiments conducted in flasks containing different initial cation concentrations and in columns supplied with solution having constant cation concentration, showed different selectivity towards the cations examined, in the order: NH4 + > Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Mn2+ > Ni2+ . Compared to the untreated material, under the experimental conditions used and considering the eluate, and the Italian regulatory limits for discharge into surface waters, the zeolite treated with a 1-N NaCl solution yielded a 1.3–5-fold increase in the volume of treated water, depending on the cation examined. The experimental results obtained show that the cationic exchange properties of the zeolite rock from the Romana deposit are comparable with the average quality of zeolites currently imported into Italy from non-European countries. 相似文献
2.
为了对深变质岩区地热流体的成因和演化进行深入研究,在滇西陇川盆地开展了地质、放射性测量、磁法测量、水文地质和水文地球化学等调查工作,深入分析了盆地内尺巴处温泉的水文地球化学及同位素特征。结果表明：温泉水化学类型为HCO3·SO4·CO3-Na型,温泉中Li+质量浓度为0.220 mg/L,达到了锂矿泉水的命名标准,F-质量浓度为8.29 mg/L,可称为氟水,具医疗价值;温泉热水中冷水混入比例为0.72,热水补给高程为1 166.83 m,补给区温度为9.96℃,热储温度为191.71℃,循环深度为2 082.29 m,温泉天然放热量为9.49×1012 J/a;温泉水来源于大气降水,为深循环上升泉;地下水水化学组分的成因类型为岩石风化型,其主要组分来源于水岩相互作用;热源主要为深部未冷却的岩浆传导热及活动断裂产生的构造热,其次有少部分岩体中放射性同位素产生的放射热;深变质岩区温泉水中的pH值,SO42-、Cl-、Na+、SiO2质量浓度及总碱度高于冷水泉,Ca2+、Mg2+质量浓度低于冷水泉。 相似文献
3.
黔中地区是岩溶作用发育的喀斯特区域.1993年秋和1994年春末采自该地区不同类型水样的水化学分析表明:碳酸盐岩裂隙泉水呈中偏碱性,为[C]Ca-Ⅱ型;秋季离子总量、HCO3-及Ca2+浓度大于春季.裂隙泉水流经地表一定距离后,HCO3-降低,pH及SO42-、Cl-、K+、Na+明显增高.黄果树的天星桥、水帘洞及落水潭三个部位河水的SO42-、Na+以及Fe3+、NO3-等浓度的季节性变化也更加明显.春季因瀑布暴气,CO2的逸出,钙华生成更强烈一些.红枫湖作为喀斯特区域地表水的汇集地,HCO3-与SO42-的当量比值仅2.1～2.4;Ca2+与Mg2+比值上升为2.4～4.2,Cl-浓度较碳酸盐岩裂隙泉水增高1倍;Na+浓度增高一个数量级.说明流域内地表土层溶蚀及人为污染影响的增强.土层孔隙水属强矿化水,而湖水呈现过渡特征.碳酸盐沉淀作用、硫酸盐矿化作用及固氮氨化作用,导致水质组成的显着差异. 相似文献
4.
Transformation of magnetite to hematite and its influence on the dissolution of iron oxide minerals 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
L. E. LAGOEIRO 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1998,16(3):415-423
Deformed rocks of the Itabira Iron Formation (itabirites) in Brazil show microstructural evidence of pressure solution of quartz and iron oxides; it appears that magnetite was dissolved and hematite precipitated. The dissolution of magnetite seems to be related to its transformation to hematite by oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ . The transformation of magnetite to hematite occurs along {111} planes, and results in the development of hematite domains along {111} that are parallel to the foliation. The difference in volume created by the transformation of magnetite to hematite and the shear stress acting on the interphase boundaries allow fluids to migrate along these planes. The dissolution of magnetite involves the hydrolyzation of the Fe2+ —O bonds at interphase boundaries of high normal stress. The high fugacity of oxygen in the fluid phase promotes the reaction of Fe2+ (in solution) with oxygen. Fe2+ ions oxidize to Fe3+ and precipitate as hematite platelets with their longest axes oriented parallel to the direction of maximum stretching. The transformation of magnetite to hematite during deformation plays an important role in the fabric evolution of the iron formation rocks. The transformation along {111} creates planes of weakness that facilitate fracturing. The fracturing plus the dissolution result in a reduction of magnetite grain size, and the oriented precipitation results in layers of hematite platelets. These processes produce a new fabric characterized by a penetrative foliation and lineation. 相似文献
5.
The playa Areg el Makrzene is situated in the north of the escarpment of the Djebel Rehach in southern Tunisia. It is characterised by more than 70 spring mounds which are bound to faults in the Triassic sandstone, and by (sub-) recent calcareous and iron hydroxide precipitations. The artesian spring water contains high amounts of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl−, SO42−, and HCO3, shows slightly alkaline character and a temperature of 25 °C. The spring mounds consist of porous travertine (calcite), goethite, gypsum and of Na–Mg evaporites and are up to 10 m high. Few metres away from the springs the amorphous iron hydroxides have altered to badly ordered goethite and ferrihydrite and finally to well ordered goethite. The muddy precipitate has altered to hard crusts (calcrete, ferricrete). The source of the precipitated material is discussed.
The faults in the sandstone are filled with (hydr-)oxides of iron and manganese, e.g. with goethite, hollandite and pyrolusite. The amount of Mn-oxides may reach 60 mass%. 相似文献
6.
温泉的水化学和成因研究对地热资源的开发利用有重要意义。四川巴塘县茶洛温泉的分布受茶洛—松多断层带的控制,沿北东—南西向的河流两岸出露,附近出露三叠系灰岩、砾岩和燕山期花岗岩。在温泉区出露有近20个泉眼,对其中10个泉眼进行采样测试。受出露点冷水混入的影响,东北部的两个泉眼温度为45~51 ℃,中西部地区的泉眼温度为77~89 ℃,部分为沸泉泉眼;各泉眼流量为0.01~1.8 L/s;pH值为6.1~8.1,矿化度为0.39~1.06 g/L,F-含量为15~22 mg/L,偏硅酸含量为69~356 mg/L。泉水主要阳离子为Na+、K+和Ca2+,主要阴离子为 、 、Cl-和 ,水化学类型为HCO3-Na型。氢氧同位素数据表明,研究区地下热水来源于大气降水,补给高程约为4 400~4 800 m,补给区年均气温在-10 ℃左右。利用SiO2温标估算茶洛温泉热储层温度约为150~200 ℃,热水循环深度约为2 810~3 480 m。茶洛温泉为大气降水入渗后在地下深循环过程中被大地热流加热,再沿断层带在河谷涌出地表而形成的温泉。在河流西北岸分布有灰岩,地下水溶蚀形成空洞,来自浅处的冷水和来自深部的热水在空洞中混合并被加热至沸点,导致热水间歇性上升喷出地面,形成间歇喷泉。 相似文献
7.
以疏勒河源区为研究区,自2018年12月至2019年11月分别采集河水、泉水和雪样样品44个、4个和7个,综合运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比值法定性分析不同水体水化学特征及控制因素,利用质量平衡法（正向地球化学模型）量化不同来源对不同季节河水水化学成分的贡献率。结果表明：疏勒河源区不同水体水化学特征存在差异,TDS含量为泉水>河水>冰川融水>雪水,河水水化学类型冬季为HCO3--Mg2+?Ca2+型,春季为HCO3--Ca2+?Mg2+?Na+型,夏、秋季均为HCO3--Ca2+?Mg2+型,泉水和雪水分别为HCO3--Ca2+?Mg2+型、HCO3--Ca2+型;受多种因素共同影响,不同季节河水主离子时空变化均存在差异;河水和泉水水化学组成受岩石风化作用控制,主离子来源于以白云石为主的碳酸盐岩风化、硅酸盐岩风化和盐岩、石膏、硫酸盐矿物等蒸发岩溶解;正向地球化学模型计算结果表明冬春季河水阳离子主要来源于硅酸盐岩风化溶解,夏秋季碳酸盐岩对河水阳离子贡献率大于硅酸盐岩,总体河水阳离子主要来源于碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩风化。 相似文献
8.
北京延庆县松山温泉的特征与成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
松山温泉位于北京市延庆县松山森林公园内,附近为燕山期花岗岩,岩体裂隙较发育。在该温泉附近施工的2个钻孔自流热水。温泉及其附近自流孔热水水温为32~42 ℃,主要阳离子为Na+、K+和Ca2+,主要阴离子为SO42-、HCO-3和Cl-,水化学类型为SO4-Na型;热水矿化度为0.548~0.566 g/L,pH值为9.14~9.21,H2SiO3含量为87.1~97.1 mg/L,F-含量为19.0~20.8 mg/L。氢、氧同位素资料表明,研究区地下热水来源于大气降水;估算的补给高程为1 256~1 351 m,补给区温度为4.4~8.8 ℃,热水年龄为14.19~48.95 a,地下热储温度为114~119 ℃,热水循环深度为2 236~2 274 m。松山温泉为花岗岩中地下水在山区获得大气降水入渗补给后,在经历深循环过程中获得深部热流加热后上升在山坡上出露形成的温泉。 相似文献
9.
Additional analytical data for the thirteen oxides usually determined in a rock analysis by wet methods and estimates and, conclusions from the analysis of variance are presented for the eight new USGS rock standards STM-1, RGM-1, QLO-1, SCo-1, MAG-1, SDC-1, BHVO-1 and SGR-1. The "single-solution" method of sample dissolution, and the "rapid methods" described by Shapiro were used. Three bottles of each standard were analyzed in duplicate, providing six replicate analyses of each sample. Relative standard deviations ranged from 0. 00 to 202 %, with only 12 of the possible 104 sample-oxide combinations exceeding 10 %. Most deviations exceeding 10 % occur with oxides at very low concentrations or with the determi-nation, of H2 O+ and CO2 , all of which often yield poor precision. These data indicate that the rapid wet chemical methods, except possibly for H2 O+ and CO2 , or when very low concentrations are present, can be considered reliable. Of the 104 F-ratios calculated during the analysis of variance for sample-oxide combinations, only eight equal or exceed the tabled value of 9. 55 for F0.95 (d. f. 2, 3). These data strongly support the conclusion that the contents of the bottles may be considered homogeneous for most oxides determined. When our data for an oxide in the several samples are plotted versus similar data in the USGS Prof. Paper 840 by several methods, the plots generally show good agreement for most sample-oxide combinations, but approximately thirty of the 104 show substantial differences, with no obvious correlation between the various methods used or the nature or magnitude of the differences. 相似文献
10.
Akiko UCHIDA Takushi YOKOYAMA Yoshinobu MOTOMURA Akane MIYAZAKI Yoshihiro OKAUE Koichiro WATANABE Eiji IZAWA 《Resource Geology》2002,52(3):223-230
Abstract: The adsorption of gold on iron(III) and aluminum hydroxides from solutions containing Au(III) complexes has been studied as a function of pH and chloride concentration at 30C. Iron(III) hydroxide was more effective in adsorbing gold from solution than aluminum hydroxide. However, both hydroxides controlled the behavior of Au(III) complex with very similar manner. The most effective gold adsorption occurred in aqueous solution with near neutral pH and low Cl concentration. In this solution condition, Au(III) complexes were mainly dissolved as AuCl2 (OH)2 - and AuCl(OH)3 - , and the surface charge for both hydroxides was positive. In addition, the adsorbed Au(III) complexes were spontaneously reduced to elemental gold in spite of the absence of a specific reducing agent.
The results of this study suggest that adsorption and spontaneous reduction of gold complexes on the surface of hydrous metal oxides with positive charge play an important role in gold precipitation in subsurface environment. 相似文献
The results of this study suggest that adsorption and spontaneous reduction of gold complexes on the surface of hydrous metal oxides with positive charge play an important role in gold precipitation in subsurface environment. 相似文献
11.
The Influence of Chlorine on the Determination of Combined Water: An Investigation of a Correction Procedure 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Differential thermal analysis, pH determination and ion chromatography were used to investigate the interference of chlorine in the determination of combined water (H2 O+ ) by the Penfield tube gravimetric method. The magnitude of the chlorine interference was quantified and a correction method was proposed to obtain accurate results for H2 O+ . The method was applied to the determination of H2 O+ in deep sea sediments containing chlorine and certified reference materials of oceanic polymetallic nodules. 相似文献
12.
G. J. De Lange 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1986,50(12):2543-2561
Measured pore-water concentrations of iron in interbedded pelagic and turbiditic sediments from the Nares Abyssal Plain are in excellent agreement with sediment colour and measured redox potential. The organic carbon content of these sediments appears to define the redox conditions and consequently the porewater and solid-phase concentration of constituents that are involved in early diagenetic reactions. In the turbiditic sediments the concentration of NO3− generally goes to zero within a sediment depth of 1 m, whereas at 8 m in a pelagic core from the same area the concentration of NO3− is still higher than it is in the bottom water. The pore-water concentration of Mn2+ in the turbiditic sediments increases sharply down to a depth of approximately 3 m and from thereon remains nearly constant due to saturation with respect to Mn, Ca-CO3. The pore water of the turbiditic sediments is also saturated with respect to calcite. The few “diagenetic spikes” in the pore-water concentration of NO3− and Mn2+ and the concentration/depth profile of dissolved iron, H4SiO4 and phosphate all clearly demonstrate the inhomogeneous nature of interbedded pelagic and turbiditic sediments. The simultaneous occurrence of peaks of dissolved iron/silica and of sediment intervals with a relatively high organic carbon content is attributed to enhanced early diagenetic reactions associated with the decomposition of organic matter in these specific intervals. Linked with these reactions is the irregular pore-water concentration of phosphate, which is shown to originate partly from the oxidation of organic matter, but mainly from the desorption of phosphate from iron oxide. Potential concentrations of phosphate are calculated from the stoichiometric early diagenetic reactions and compared with measured concentrations. Due to the unique combination of low porosity and relatively high sedimentation rates, the sediments from the Nares Abyssal Plain are an ideal basis for the study of such interbedded sequences of pelagic and turbiditic deposits. 相似文献
13.
雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水离子组成特征及其控制因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水离子组成特征及其控制因素,利用2015年采集的8个河水水样,运用数理统计、聚类分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型以及离子比值等方法,分析了雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水水化学特征,并探讨了其主要控制因素。结果表明：河水中阳离子以Ca2+、Mg2+为主,阴离子则以HCO3-和SO42-为主,阴、阳离子分别约占其总量的96%和85%。河水水化学类型均为HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型。TDS含量介于202.46~371.27 mg·L-1,均值为299.30 mg·L-1,较世界河流平均值高。自上至下,河水水化学特征表现出一定的差异性,河水中主要离子以及TDS、TH、EC的含量沿程表现出下降的趋势,其原因主要有支流河水汇入和降水增加的稀释作用。河水水样均落在Gibbs模型图中部偏左,表明河水中主要离子化学组分主要受水岩作用控制。离子比值法分析表明研究区碳酸盐岩以及蒸发岩的风化溶解是河水水化学的主要控制因素,且存在硅酸盐类矿物的风化。 相似文献
14.
Calcium hydroxyapatite and calcite precipitates around bacteria were observed in 2-week-old alluvial topsoil (Roussillon area, SE France). This observation prompted a laboratory study of Ca2+ and PO4 3− incorporation into hydroxyapatite and Ca2+ into calcite mediated by bacteria using similar topsoil material, but free from apatite and calcite. Subsamples were prepared using three different grain sizes, and experiments were undertaken using sucrose and different contents of Ca2+ and PO4 3− . Mineralization experiments proceeded over 5 days. Calcium and PO4 3− sorption onto clay influenced the Ca/P ratio in the solutions. Hydroxyapatite and calcite precipitation only occurred in unsterilized samples. The presence of clay minerals promoted biomineralization. 相似文献
15.
位于云南省祥云县刘厂镇的王家庄温泉水样YMD10-1(王家热水井)与YMD10-2(聚龙温泉宾馆热水井)的矿化度为1.49~1.65 g/L,主要阳离子为Na^+,主要阴离子为HCO3^-,水化学类型均为HCO3-Na型。YMD10-1和YMD10-2的p H值野外测定数据分别为10.8和7,因YMD10-2暴露于空气使其pCO2较高导致其p H野外观测值偏低;实验室p H测定值分别为8和7.6,主要受到pCO2差异影响导致水中碳酸组分发生变化而改变了其p H值。水样的δ^2H-δ^18O数据显示温泉的补给来源为大气降水。利用Si O2温标估算了温泉的地下热储温度为89~92℃。利用226Ra-222Rn法估算出YMD10-1的热水年龄为446.84 a,YMD10-2的热水年龄为319.56 a。估算的地下热水的循环深度为3 808~3 898 m,利用δ^2H和δ^18O估算热水补给高程为2 845~2 865 m,补给区为周边的山区。地下水获得大气降水入渗补给后,经历深循环并获得深部热流加热,沿断裂带上升穿透浅部第四系出露地表。温泉显示碱性是由于长石与水和CO2发生反应,产生大量的HCO3^-,HCO3^-在溶液中有可能水解消耗H^+产生OH^-。王家庄温泉被当地人们用来晒制土碱,与热水Na^+和碳酸的含量高有关。 相似文献
16.
Abstract: A total of 189 runs were completed to determine the rate of dissolved oxygen consumption in water by the reaction humic acid at 25°, 45°, and 65°C. Glass vial bottles were used as reaction vessels, and humic aicd and pure water of different intitial O2 concentration was loaded with humic acid/water weight of 0.008 and 0.009. Vials were opened periodically to measure O2 concentrations. The pH of the solution fluctuated in the early stages of the experiments and gradually decreased to a constant value. Dissolved oxygen concentration decreased, for example, from initial value of 12 mg/l to 9 mg/l at 25°C, to 5 mg/l at 45°C, and to 2 mg/l at 65°C after the reaction of 500 hours. Analyses of rates suggest that the reaction is first order, and rate constants are 8.42 × 10-9 at 25°C, 2.22 × 10-8 at 45°C, and 1.28 × 10-7 moles m-2 s-1 at 65°C. 相似文献
17.
When Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms (attached to Sepharose surfaces) were subjected to dissolved Fe3+, most Fe was removed from solution within 25 h by surface complexation with negatively charged functional groups on the bacterial cell wall via a nucleation and mineralization process. Chemical formation of Fe-(hydr)oxides was partially responsible for dissolved Fe removal, which stemmed from a pH increase, facilitated by microbial activity. PAO1 used Fe3+ as an electron acceptor producing Fe2+ under localized anaerobic conditions over the first 50 h. The high ratio of Fe2+ to total Fe in solution produced a high proportion of Fe(II) in Fe precipitates; however, as the formation of Fe-(hydr)oxides started after 50 h, the Fe2+ content in solution began to diminish. Biofilms can so influence the local chemical conditions and metal speciation that the bulk solution phase is also affected, thereby mediating a wide-range (bio)geochemical cycling of iron. Long-term survival of natural biofilms, even under strict oligotrophic conditions, could have a broad lasting effect on the bulk geochemical environment. 相似文献
18.
Phosphorus-rich alkali feldspars were found in three peraluminous highly differentiated albite-topaz-Li-mica granites in the W and S parts of the Bohemian Massif. The average contents of P2 O5 in K-feldspars (Křížovy kámen 0.57 wt%, Homolka 0.77 wt%, and Podlesí 0.83 wt%) are higher than the average contents of P2 O5 in albites (Křížovy kámen 0.23 wt%, Homolka 0.23 wt%, and Podlesí 0.39 wt%). The analyses of feldspars indicate that partition coefficient of phosphorus between K-feldspar and albite range from 1.5 to 2.5. Measured data in K-feldspars suggest a statistically significant difference from the Al3+ +P5+ =2 Si4+ substitution mechanism for higher phosphorus concentration. The P-content in K-feldspars from the Podlesí-granite represent the highest P-content in natural feldspar known to date (up to 2.5 wt% of P2 O5 )- It is suggested that all studied granites retained nearly all phosphorus of granitic melts and that their alkali feldspars represent major reservoirs of phosphorus. 相似文献
19.
Abstract: Transportation of various kinds of elements occurred in wall rocks (Quaternary andesites) during the hydrothermal alteration accompanied by the Hishikari epithermal gold mineralization. For example, K2 O and MgO contents of wall rocks decrease away from the gold-quartz veins, while (CaO+Na2 O) content increases, and SiO2 content is variable near the veins. Hydrothermal alteration zoning and bulk compositional variations in wall rocks suggest that the mixing of hydrothermal solution and acidic groundwater took place an important role as the cause for the hydrothermal alteration and bulk compositional variations. The relationship between dissolved silica concentration and temperature of hydrothermal solution mixed with groundwater is obtained based on precipitation kinetics-fluid flow–mixing model, and the computed results are compared with the distribution of SiO2 minerals (quartz and cristobalite) in the hydrothermal alteration zones. This comparison suggests that the most reasonable flow rate of fluids migrating through hydrothermal alteration zones, and A/M (A: surface area of rocks interacting with fluid, M: mass of fluid) are estimated to be ca. 10-4.2 m/sec, and ca. 0.10 m2 /kg, respectively. The mixing of two fluids (hydrothermal solution and acidic groundwater) can also explain δ18 O zoning in the altered country rocks, hydrothermal alteration zoning from K-feldspar through K-mica to kaolinite from the center (veins) to margin, and deposition of gold. 相似文献
20.
额尔齐斯河源春季水化学及稳定同位素特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于2018年4月额尔齐斯河源至富蕴段的河水样品, 综合运用Gibbs图、 Piper三线图、 相关矩阵分析等方法对河水中主要的化学离子、 pH值、 电导率、 TDS和氢、 氧稳定同位素等物理化学指标进行了分析。结果表明： 额尔齐斯河源春季河水呈弱碱性, TDS平均值为72.02 mg·L-1, 整体属于低矿化度水。河水中主要离子浓度序列为HCO3- > SO42- > Ca2+ > Na+ > Cl- > NO3- > Mg2+ > K+, 其中HCO3-、 SO42-和Ca2+是最主要的阴阳离子。水化学类型从库依尔特河的HCO3--Ca2+型转变为额尔齐斯河富蕴段的（HCO3-, SO42-）-Ca2+型。从源区至富蕴段各离子含量整体呈增大趋势, 但其增加过程受到复杂因素的影响而出现差异。河水离子主要受水-岩风化作用控制, 且以碳酸盐岩（石灰岩、 白云岩）为主的风化水解是离子的主要来源, 其次是长石类矿物的风化, 还包括下游人类活动的离子输入等。δD和δ18O沿程逐渐增大, 在下游出现了富集现象。 相似文献