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1.
G. Xu 《Ore Geology Reviews》1996,11(6):339-361
The sediment-hosted ZnPbAg deposit at Dugald River is situated 87 km northeast of Mount Isa, NW Queensland. It is a mid-scale base metal accumulation restricted to a black slate sequence of low metamorphic grade. The orebody is tabular and consists of fine- to medium-grained sulphides with a dominant mineralogy of sphalerite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, galena, quartz and muscovite. Three different ore types have been recognized based on mineralization textures; laminated, banded and brecciated. The present reserve stands at 38 million tons of ore averaging 13.0% Zn, 2.1% Pb and 42 g/t Ag. A structural investigation has revealed that six stages of deformation have affected the metasediments in the Dugald River area. The first four (D1, D2, D3 and D4) are characterized by the extensive development of folds and associated axial plane cleavage. They were all generated in a ductile regime and are of considerable significance for the structural evolution of this region as well as for the emplacement and localization of the sulphide mineralization. D5 provides a transition towards brittle deformation developing strong kink folds with subhorizontal axial planes. D6 was a brittle event, producing E-W-trending open folds and major NE and NW strike-slip faults crosscutting all the pre-existing structural elements plus segmenting the orebody. Correlation between the development of deformation and the formation of mineralization can be observed from macro- to microscales. Relationships of mineralization with folds and cleavage indicate a post-D2 (dominant deformation event) and probably syn-D4 deformation timing for the ZnPbAg mineralization at Dugald River, as suggested by the ubiquitous truncations of D2 fabrics by ore mineral assemblages throughout the deposit.  相似文献   

2.
The sediment-hosted Zn---Pb---Ag deposit at Dugald River is situated 87 km northeast of Mount Isa, NW Queensland. It is a mid-scale base metal accumulation restricted to a black slate sequence of low metamorphic grade. The orebody is tabular and consists of fine- to medium-grained sulphides with a dominant mineralogy of sphalerite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, galena, quartz and muscovite. Three different ore types have been recognized based on mineralization textures; laminated, banded and brecciated. The present reserve stands at 38 million tons of ore averaging 13.0% Zn, 2.1% Pb and 42 g/t Ag. A structural investigation has revealed that six stages of deformation have affected the metasediments in the Dugald River area. The first four (D1, D2, D3 and D4) are characterized by the extensive development of folds and associated axial plane cleavage. They were all generated in a ductile regime and are of considerable significance for the structural evolution of this region as well as for the emplacement and localization of the sulphide mineralization. D5 provides a transition towards brittle deformation developing strong kink folds with subhorizontal axial planes. D6 was a brittle event, producing E-W-trending open folds and major NE and NW strike-slip faults crosscutting all the pre-existing structural elements plus segmenting the orebody. Correlation between the development of deformation and the formation of mineralization can be observed from macro- to microscales. Relationships of mineralization with folds and cleavage indicate a post-D2 (dominant deformation event) and probably syn-D4 deformation timing for the Zn---Pb---Ag mineralization at Dugald River, as suggested by the ubiquitous truncations of D2 fabrics by ore mineral assemblages throughout the deposit.  相似文献   

3.
The Bairendaba vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposit, hosted in a Carboniferous quartz diorite, is one of the largest polymetallic deposits in the southern Great Xing'an Range. Reserves exceeding 8000 tonnes of Ag and 3 million tonnes of Pb?+?Zn with grades of 30 g/t and 4.5% have been estimated. We identify three distinct mineralization stages in this deposit: a barren pre-ore stage (stage 1), a main-ore stage with economic Ag–Pb–Zn mineralization (stage 2), and a post-ore stage with barren mineralization (stage 3). Stage 1 is characterized by abundant arsenopyrite?+?quartz and minor pyrite. Stage 2 is represented by abundant Fe–Zn–Pb–Ag sulphides and is further subdivided into three substages comprising the calcite–polymetallic sulphide stage (substage 1), the fluorite–polymetallic sulphide stage (substage 2), and the quartz–polymetallic sulphide stage (substage 3). Stage 3 involves an assemblage dominated by calcite with variable pyrite, galena, quartz, fluorite, illite, and chlorite. Fluid inclusion analysis and mineral thermometry indicate that the three stages of mineralization were formed at temperatures of 320–350°C, 200–340°C, and 180–240°C, respectively. Stage 1 early mineralization is characterized by low-salinity fluids (5.86–8.81 wt.% NaCl equiv.) with an isotopic signature of magmatic origin (δ18Ofluid = 10.45–10.65‰). The main ore minerals of stage 2 precipitated from aqueous–carbonic fluids (4.34–8.81 wt.% NaCl equiv.). The calculated and measured oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the ore-forming aqueous fluids (δ18Ofluid = 3.31–8.59‰, δDfluid?=??132.00‰ to??104.00‰) indicate that they were derived from a magmatic source and mixed with meteoric water. Measured and calculated sulphur isotope compositions of hydrothermal fluids (δ34S∑S?=??1.2–3.8‰) indicate that the ore sulphur was derived mainly from a magmatic source. The calculated carbon isotope compositions of hydrothermal fluids (δ13Cfluid?=??26.52‰ to??25.82‰) suggest a possible contribution of carbon sourced from the basement gneisses. The stage 3 late mineralization is dominated (1.40–8.81 wt.% NaCl equiv.) by aqueous fluids. The fluids show lower δ18Ofluid (?16.06‰ to??0.70‰) and higher δDfluid (?90.10‰ to??74.50‰) values, indicating a heated meteoric water signature. The calculated carbon isotope compositions (δ13Cfluid?=??12.82‰ to??6.62‰) of the hydrothermal fluids in stage 3 also suggest a possible contribution of gneiss-sourced carbon. The isotopic compositions and fluid chemistry indicate that the ore mineralization in the Bairendaba deposit was related to Early Cretaceous magmatism.  相似文献   

4.
The Elshitsa volcanic hosted massive sulphide deposit occurs in the central part of the Srena Gora metallogenic zone in Bulgaria. The gold-bearing massive sulphide mineralization is considered to be the product of an island arc volcano-plutonic process and hydrothermal activity that took place during the Late Cretaceous. In addition to the major gold-hosted opaque minerals such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena there are minor phases of tennantite, goldfieldite, Se-bearing aikinite, native silver and bornite in the massive sulphide lenses and stringer zones. Most of the sulphide minerals are Se-bearing. All of the six mineral assemblages that were deposited during the pyrite and copper-pyrite stages of mineralization are gold-bearing. The gold tenor as a rule is less than 1 g/t. Native gold and electrum occur as blebs or intergranular particles in the sulphide minerals. Gold in the early massive pyrite is of submicroscopic type (< 0,1 μm) and of colloidal ori-gin. Pyrite deformation and recrystallization in the temperature range 250°–160 °C has led to Au and Ag migration to cracks and grain boundaries of the sulphide minerals. As a result of these process the native gold and electrum grain size increases from submicroscopic (< 0,1 μm) in the early colloform pyrite to microscopic (0,1–100 μm) and macroscopic (> 100 μm) in the late gold-sulphide assemblages. The electrum fineness in 41 individually studied grains varies between 780 and 992‰ with a mean of 895‰. Native silver was found in association with bornite. Cu, Te, Sb and Bi are the most common trace-elements in gold and electrum. The Cu-Zn-Pb association is most important as a Au-Ag-carrier. A model for gold behaviour during sulphide deformation is proposed involving coarsening of gold grain size from the earlier to the later sulphide mineral assemblages. Received: 4 December 1995 / Accepted: 23 September 1996  相似文献   

5.
Microstructural timing relationships indicate that the Rosebery massive sulphide ore, western Tasmania, Australia, formed by metasomatic replacement of 'sericite' schist during a Devonian deformation event (D3). This interpretation is contrary to earlier volcanogenic-based interpretations, but accords with the discordant position and inferred structurally controlled emplacement of the orebody. The main timing criteria are: overprinting of S3 by the late ore minerals, replacement textures in undeformed mineral parageneses, and a D3 structural control from the microscopic to the macroscopic scales. The consistent observation of these criteria in the orebody and the complete lack of pre-D3 ore argue against in situ dissolution of a primary orebody and local redeposition of sulphides by replacement.
D3 deformation at Rosebery is inferred to have been characterized by heterogeneous cleavage-parallel extension, which resulted in localized microfracturing and selective replacement of zones of maximum strain rate. Continuous shifts in the strain-rate distribution pattern during progressive mineralization led to the compositional ore banding.
Published Pb-isotope data point towards a Cambrian source rock for the orebody. This suggests a metamorphogenic origin by regional-scale dissolution of dispersed volcanogenic metals, focused solution transfer and concentrated redeposition in a structural trap.  相似文献   

6.
The Erlihe Pb–Zn deposit is an important mine of the Pb–Zn metallogenic zone in the South Qinling Orogen. It has been considered a sedimentary exhalative deposit in previous investigations because the ore body occurs concordantly at the transitional location of an upright fold. Re and Os isotopic analyses for paragenetic pyrites with sphalerite and galena from the ore body have been used to determine the timing of mineralization and to trace the source of metallogenic materials. The Re–Os isotopic data of four pyrite samples construct an isochron, yielding a weighted average age of 226±17 Ma (mean square weighted deviation=1.7), which is considered the main mineralization age. A dioritic porphyrite vein sample, showing weaker mineralization, was also dated using the SHRIMP zircon U–Pb isotopic method to constrain the youngest metallogenic age of the ore deposit, because it distributes along a group of tensional joints cutting not only the upright fold in the deposit field, but also the main ore bodies. The dioritic porphyrite sample yields a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 221±3 Ma, which is slightly younger than the Re–Os isotopic isochron age of the pyrites, considered as the upper age limit of the mineralization, namely the ending age of the mineralization. The Os isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals distribute within a range between Os isotopic compositions of the crust and the mantle, indicating that the ore deposit can be derived from magma-related fluid, and the metallogenic materials are most likely derived from the mixing source of the crust and the mantle. The Erlihe Pb–Zn deposit and associated dioritic porphyrite vein, important records of Qinling tectonic–magmatism–mineralization activities, were formed during the Triassic collisional orogeny processes.  相似文献   

7.
滇西北金顶巨型Zn-Pb矿田产于兰坪晚中生代—新生代盆地中北部,对其成矿作用机制仍存在分歧。跑马坪铅锌矿床是其北东部的一个大型隐伏矿床,由众多规模不等、呈筒柱状、大脉状及不规则囊状的矿体(群)组成。大量的地质填图及坑道观察表明,该矿床的形成严格受北西向逆断层破碎带的控制,矿体就位于云龙组(Ey)砂泥岩不整合面下伏的三合洞组(T3s)碎裂状灰岩、砂结灰岩质角砾岩内;断层破碎带中的矿化更强,而旁侧的次级裂隙多被砖红色砂泥岩充填。依据矿物组合及矿石组构特点,自矿体中心向外,依次可分为致密块状富锌矿带、脉状细粒硫化物矿化带、脉状胶粒状硫化物矿化带、方解石-天青石-铁氧化物矿化带和碳酸盐化带5个矿化带,各带之间多为渐变过渡关系。显微镜、扫描电镜观测和能谱面扫描分析发现,矿石中存在代表流体混合成矿特征的环-胶状构造及包含结构等显微组构,指示富含金属离子及硫酸盐的卤水与富含还原性硫的流体在高渗透性碎裂状灰岩或灰岩质角砾岩中混合而快速沉淀成矿。因此,逆断层控制的幕式流体混合作用可能是跑马坪铅锌矿床的重要成矿机制。  相似文献   

8.
Summary A geochmmschl investigation of sulphide minerals from the Dugald River Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, northwest Queensland, Australia has been carried out using the electron microprobe. The data obtained here indicate a relative consistency in Fe, Zn, and Co contents, but significant variations in Mn, Cd, and Ni levels for sphalerite and pyrite within three different ore types. Zn/Cd ratios for sphalerite from laminated, crosscutting vein and breccia ore types average 629, similar to those associated with hydrothermal replacement in metamorphic terrains. Co/Ni values for pyrite are highly variable in the range of 2.7 to 19.3 and are in general typical of the metamorphic hydrothermal pyrite group, and therefore quite different from those of base metal deposits with sedimentary origin. FeS contents of the sphalerite from breccia ore average 17.0 ± mol% and give a pressure estimate of 2.8 ± kbar. This pressure is in good agreement with the upper limit of ore formation derived from fluid inclusion work. This study suggests a syntectonic replacement origin of the deposit, which is consistent with geological and paragenetic observations at Dugald River.
Geochemie von Sulfiden der Dugald River Lagerstätte (Nordwest-Queensland) und ihre Beziehungen zur Erzgenese
Zusammenfassung Eine geochemische Untersuchung von Sulfid-Mineralen der Zink-Blei-Silber-Lagerstäte Dugald-River, Nordwest-Queensland, Australien, wurde mit der Mikrosonde durchgeführt. Die analytischen Daten zeigen relative Konsistenz der Fe-Zn und Co-Gehalte, aber signifikante Schwankungen in den Mn, Cd, und Ni-Gehalten für Zinkblende und Pyrit innerhalb der drei definierten Erztypen. Zn-Cd-Verhältnisse für Zinkblende aus gebänderten Erzen, aus querschlägigen Gängen und aus Brekzienerzen liegen im Durchschnitt bei 629, ähnlich denen, die mit hydrothermalen Verdrängungen in metamorphen Terrains assoziiert sind. Co-Ni-Werte für Pyrit variieren stark von 2,7 bis 19,3 und sind im allgemeinen typisch für die Gruppe metamorpher hydrothermaler Pyrite und unterscheiden sich deutlich von denen für Buntmetall-Lagerstätten sedimentären Ursprunges. FeS-Gehalte von Zinkblenden aus Brekzienerzen betragen im Durchschnitt 17,0 Gew.% und führen zu einem abgeschätzten Druck von 2,8 kbar. Dieser Druck stimmt mit jenem der für die Obergrenze der Erzbildung aus Flüssigkeitseinschluß-Untersuchungen berechnet wurde überein. Die vorliegende Untersuchung legt eine Entstehung der Lagerstätte durch syntektonische Verdrängung nahe, ein Vorgang, der mit geologischen und paragenetischen Beobachtungen in Dugald River übereinstimmt.

With 8 Figures  相似文献   

9.
陕西马鞍桥金矿床成因探讨   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
马鞍桥金矿是南秦岭泥盆系铅锌金（银汞锑）多金属成矿带中具有代表性的大型金矿床。矿床产于上泥盆统桐峪寺组上部浅变质细碎屑岩系,层位稳定。矿床的地质地球化学特征表明,成矿物质主要来自前沿盆纪基底的地层和岩石,成矿溶液主要为盆地同生水与变质水及大气降水的混合流体。成矿经历了同生沉积、韧性剪切变质变形、矿质活化迁移聚集和构造－热液活动叠加富集的多期成矿过程。综合分析确定,该矿床属受韧－脆性剪切带控制、地下  相似文献   

10.
Summary The timing of Zn–Pb mineralization hosted by early dolomitized lagoonal limestones (Crest facies) at Bleiberg (Carinthia, Austria) has been constrained using Sr-isotopes. This late stage Zn–Pb mineralization is a special feature of the Bleiberg deposit. Samples of the mineralized Crest facies are characterized by higher concentrations of minor and trace elements (except Ba and Sr) compared to samples from the weakly mineralized Wetterstein limestone of the lagoonal facies. The samples from the Crest facies indicate that a fluid with a minimum 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7083 reacted at 210±30 Ma with carbonate rocks having 87Sr/86Sr ratios of approximately 0.7077 during a late stage of ore formation. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios correlate with the Mn and Cl concentrations. Lead isotope data of whole rock samples of Bleiberg yielded an isochron age of 180±40 Ma. They furthermore confirm the presence of two types of common lead; an isotopically distinct ore lead component is present within and close to the ore bodies. The other common Pb component is present in host rocks and in gangue minerals and is distinguished from the ore lead by lower 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios. The Sr and the Pb ages are consistent with geological evidence indicating a Triassic age of Pb–Zn mineralization and support genetic models emphasizing the role of bacteriogenic sulfate reduction at low temperatures prior to subsidence and burial. Elevated 87Sr/86Sr values (>0.7080) of gangue minerals indicate an epigenetic origin of strontium. Our results are consistent with a genetic model postulating formation of the ore-bearing hydrothermal fluids “at depth” where they leached lead from pre-Upper Carboniferous basement rocks.  相似文献   

11.
The Cu ore of Ifri is a chalcopyrite stockwork hosted by Cambrian formations and was until now interpreted as a syngenetic massive sulphide deposit. Textural studies highlight two generations of pyrite early (Py I) and late (Py II) with respect to the regional deformation. The chalcopyrite stockwork overprinted Py II, outlining the epigenetic nature of the Cu mineralization. Regarding the origin of Cu-depositing fluids, the presence in the stockwork paragenesis of an U, W, Sn association and preliminary Pb/Pb dating of a brannerite belonging to this association suggest a contribution of the Tichka granite. To cite this article: L. Barbanson et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

12.
The Chitudian Zn‐Pb ore deposit, Luanchuan, Henan province, was recently discovered in the southern margin of the North China Craton. The Zn‐Pb orebodies are hosted in the Proterozoic Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups, occurring as veins in interbedding fracture zones mainly in a WNW‐ and partially in a NS‐direction. The Zn‐Pb ores are characterized by banded, massive, and breccia structures, coarse crystal grains, and a simple mineral composition mainly of galena, sphalerite, pyrite, quartz, dolomite, and calcite. In addition to the vein type orebodies, there are Mo‐ and Zn‐bearing skarn orebodies in the northwest of the Chitudian ore field. Four types of primary fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite were recognized in the Chitudian Zn‐Pb ores, including aqueous, aqueous‐CO2, daughter‐mineral‐bearing aqueous, and daughter‐mineral‐bearing aqueous‐CO2 inclusions, with aqueous inclusion being most common. The homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions from the main mineralization stage are from 290°C to 340°C, and the salinities mainly from 3.7 to 14.8 wt% NaCl equivalent. In addition to CO2, CH4 and H2S were detected in the vapor phase and HS‐ in the liquid phase of the fluid inclusions by Laser Raman spectroscopy. The δ34SV‐CDT values of ore sulfides from the Chitudian deposit range from ?0.32‰ to 8.30‰, and show two modal peaks in the histogram, one from 1‰ to 4‰, and the other from 5‰ to 7‰. The former peak is similar to that of porphyry‐type Mo‐W deposits in the area, whereas the latter is relatively close to the sulfur in the strata. The ore sulfur may have been derived from both the magma and the strata. The Pb‐isotopic compositions of the ore minerals from Chitudian, with 206Pb/204Pb from 17.005 to l7.953, 207Pb/204Pb from 15.414 to 15.587, and 208Pb/204Pb from 37.948 to 39.036, are similar to those of Mesozoic porphyries in the Chitudian ore field, suggesting that the ore‐forming metals were mainly derived from the Mesozoic magmatic intrusions. The Chitudian Zn‐Pb deposit is interpreted to be a distal hydrothermal vein‐type deposit, which was genetically related to the proximal, skarn‐type Mo ore deposits in the region.  相似文献   

13.
The Don Sixto mining area in Mendoza province, central‐western Argentina, contains an epithermal low sulfidation Au–Ag deposit. It is a small deposit (～4 km2), with a gold resource of 36 t. In Don Sixto, ore minerals are disseminated in the hydrothermal quartz veins and hydrothermally altered volcanic‐pyroclastic rock units of Permian–Triassic age. On the basis of the texture, ore mineral paragenesis and cross cutting relationship of gangue minerals, seven stages of mineralization were recognized and described. The first six stages are characterized by quartz veins with minor amounts of base metal minerals and the last stage is represented by fluorite veins with minimal quantities of base metal minerals; the precious metal mineralization is mainly related to the fourth stage. The hydrothermal veins exhibit mainly massive, crustiform and comb infilling textures; the presence of bladed quartz replacement textures and quartz veins with adularia crystals are indicative of boiling processes in the system. Fluid inclusion and complementary stable isotope studies were performed in quartz, fluorite, and pyrite samples from the vein systems. The microthermometric data were obtained from primary, biphasic (liquid‐vapor) fluid inclusion assemblages in quartz and fluorite. The maximum values for salinity and homogenization temperature (Th) came from the stage IV where quartz with petrographic evidence of boiling has average values of 4.96 wt% NaClequiv. and 286.9°C respectively. The lower values are related to the last stage of mineralization, where the fluid inclusions in fluorite have average salinities of 1.05 wt% NaClequiv. and average homogenization temperatures of 173.1°C. The oxygen and sulfur isotopic fractionation was analyzed in quartz and pyrite. The calculated isotopic fractionation for oxygen in the hydrothermal fluid is in the range of δ18OH2O = ?6.92 up to ?3.08‰, which indicates dominance of a meteoric source for the water, while sulfur reaches δ34SH2S = 1.09‰, which could be reflecting a possible magmatic, or even a mixed source.  相似文献   

14.
The Polaris Zn–Pb Mine in Nunavut, Canada was one of the largest single Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits in the world. Over 20 Mt of sphalerite (ZnS) and galena (PbS) was hosted in brecciated carbonate rocks of the Upper Ordovician Thumb Mountain Formation. Three paragenetic stages are recognized: 1) early dolomite and marcasite; 2) main stage sulphide and dolomite; and 3) late calcite, marcasite and barite. Ore mineral textures range from discrete crystals to massive crystal aggregates and formed as replacements of the dolomite host rock or as fracture- and open space-filling mineralization. Zinc concentration is highest in the core of the deposit where botryoidal aggregates predominate, whereas iron is concentrated in the upper part. Observations of temperature and in situ sulphur isotope fractionation support a genetic model for the Polaris deposit in which thermochemical sulphate reduction occurred within the deposit, with locally generated hydrocarbons acting as a reducing agent. Information from the Polaris Mine indicates that hydrothermal alteration including dolomite, marcasite and barite; complex paragenesis with numerous ore textures; Th values > 100 °C associated with organic-rich strata; and a geochemical signature that includes in situ sulphur fractionation are effective predictors for determining which showings are prospective in the vast central Arctic Pb–Zn district.  相似文献   

15.
广东省新榕锰矿地质特征及成因探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  
新榕锰矿是广东省重要的锰矿床 ,主矿体产于地下岩溶空洞内 ,矿石中伴生银的平均含量达 10 0×10 -6以上。锰矿石中含有少量的脆银矿、溴角银矿、含锑银黝铜矿、银金矿、单斜绿铜锌矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿及重晶石等矿物。据各类岩石、矿石的矿物成分 ,以及成矿元素、稀土元素地球化学特征等方面研究 ,认为Fe、Mn成矿物质主要来源于元古宇云开群和泥盆系桂头组中的富铁锰质岩层 (锰铝榴石片岩、含锰千枚岩 ) ,部分来源于矿区北部断裂带中的热液硫化物 ,伴生元素Ag、Pb、Zn等也来源于矿区北部断裂带的热液多金属硫化物。有机质 (微生物 )可能参与了成矿物质的风化淋滤、迁移、沉淀富集等成矿作用。地下岩溶空洞是最有利的成矿场所。锰矿的成矿期为新生代。矿床成因类型属迁积_岩溶堆积型锰矿  相似文献   

16.
Polymetallic sulfide ores (Zn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Ag, and Cd) found in the Alanish locality of northern Iraq are hosted by dolostone in the Late Permian Chia Zairi Formation. The Alanish locality is one of several Zn–Pb deposits that are widespread in northern Iraq, situated along the northern passive margin of the Arabian plate. This paper describes the ore deposit classification, mineral chemistry, and paragenetic sequence of the area and proposes an ore formation model. We report the presence of acanthite and greenockite for the first time in Iraq. A brine solution derived from the sedimentary basin formed the primary sulfide ore minerals (sphalerite, galena, acanthite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, greenockite, and marcasite). The pre-tectonic mineralization is characterized by replacement textures including (1) high-Fe, low-Zn, dark-colored, coarse-grained sphalerite; (2) deformed anisotropic coarse-grained galena; and, (3) idiomorphic cubes of crushed pyrite. Conversely, the post-tectonic mineralization is characterized by open-space filling textures, including (1) low-Fe, high-Zn, light-colored, fine aggregated sphalerite; (2) fine-grained galena; and, (3) the existence of acanthite and marcasite. Although galena is an Ag carrier, both mineralization phases contained non-argentiferous galena. Non-sulfides (smithsonite, cerussite, and goethite) have replaced older sulfides in many areas due to supergene process. Gangue minerals present are dolomite, calcite, barite, and siderite. Open spaces and cavity filling of small paleo-karsts, replacement, veins, and veinlets are common features of the ore body. Metals were sourced from brines generated in the sedimentary basin, whereas sulfur was derived from nearby evaporates. Sediment compaction and tectonic activity, probably during Late Cretaceous, were the driving forces that squeezed and moved ore-bearing fluids derived from the sedimentary basin. Multiple stages of ore-bearing fluids were epigenetically intruded into the Late Paleozoic dolostone, forming an epigenetic strata-bound Mississippi Valley-type deposit precipitated under a temperature of 120 °C, as indicated by the cadmium fractionation in sphalerite and galena. Dolomitization and tectonic activity provided the necessary permeability for accumulating ores. The main ore body is directly connected to a fault plane and to adjacent dolostone that is frequently fractured and brecciated.  相似文献   

17.
The Gol-e-Zard Zn-Pb deposit is one of several sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits found in the central part of the Sanadaj-Sirjan Zone, known as the Isfahan-Malayer belt, western Iran. Mineralization occurs in Upper Triassic to Jurassic phyllites and meta-sandstones. Sphalerite and galena are the most abundant metallic ores, with minor chalcopyrite. Calcite and quartz are the main gangue minerals. Fissure filling, replacement textures and especially mineralized faults, suggest an epigenetic stage in the Gol-e-Zard deposit formation. Geochemical studies of mineralized rocks show high concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cu, (Zn and Pb > 10000 ppm and Cu average 3000 ppm). LREE enrichment (LREE>HREE, La/Lu average 1.44) and positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*>1 average 1.67) indicate reducing conditions during the deposition of deposit. However, some samples do not display negative Ce anomalies, which indicate that localized oxidizing conditions are also present. This study indicates that the Gol-e-Zard deposit formed due to circulating hydrothermal fluids in a marine environment. A SEDEX-type genesis, which is defined by circulating hydrothermal fluids through sediments in a marine environment, and syngenetic precipitation of Zn and Pb sulphides, is suggested for the Gol-e-Zard deposit. Emplacement of some granitoid intrusions such as the Aligudarz granitoid intrusion remobilized mineralizing fluids and metamorphosed the Gol-e-Zard deposit.  相似文献   

18.
The Fule Pb–Zn deposit is located in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Province, and it is an important and giant low temperature metallogenic domain in China. In our research area, the Pb–Zn deposits are mainly hosted in the Permian Yangxin Formation and are composed of dolostone and limestone. The distance between the ore bodies and the Permian Emeishan basalt ranged from 50 to 160 m. In this study, the nickel rich minerals, including vaesite, polydymite and millerite, were reported for the first time in the Fule deposit. These minerals occurred as xenomorphic mineral aggregate and were sporadically distributed in the sphalerite–galena–calcite vein, which is the main ore type in the deposit. Our study indicated that the paragenetic sequence of minerals in the Fule deposit is the following order: polydymite?→?vaesite?→?millerite?→?sphalerite?→?galena?→?tetrahedrite (tennantite). The geological occurrence characteristics of those nickeliferous minerals suggested that the Permian Emeishan basalt is a possible barrier layer of Pb–Zn ore-forming fluid, and it is an important source for the Ni and part of the Cu in the deposit. The Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Pb–Zn mineralization province is a world-class production base of Pb and Zn, in which the Permian Emeishan basalt and Pb–Zn deposits have uniformly spatial distribution, but the relationship of mineralization between them is still under debate. This report provides new evidence for understanding the relationship between Pb–Zn mineralization and Permian Emeishan basalt in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Pb–Zn mineralization province.  相似文献   

19.
The Hongshan copper deposit is a typical cryptoexplosive breccia-type deposit, which occurs in a metamorphic rock series of the Mesoproterozoic Taoxiyuan Formation. Orebodies are distributed inside and outside porphyry-cryptoexplosive breccia pipes. The isotope geochemistry of the deposit is consistent with the origin of porphyry breccia: the δ18OH2O values ranging from 1.2‰ to 6.1‰ and the δ34S values varying from 0 to 2.5‰. 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of pyrite, which coexists with ore minerals, indicate it was derived from the orogenic belt. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the main metals were deposited largely as a result of the decreasing of proton concentrations associated with H2S and CO2 exsolution during explosion and temperature dropping. Based on K-Ar dating of quartz coexisting with ore minerals, the age of mineralization was estimated to be 97.1–98.8 Ma, which suggests that mineralization occurred between the Early and Late Cretaceous. According to the relevant information obtained, a diagenetic and metallogenic pattern in the area has been presented in this paper.  相似文献   

20.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1369-1380
This paper reports new geochronological (U–Pb) and isotope (C, O, and S) data to investigate the timing of mineralization and mode of ore genesis for the recently discovered Changtuxili Mn–Ag–Pb–Zn deposit, located on the western slopes of the southern Great Hinggan Range in NE China. The mineralization is hosted by intermediate–acidic lavas and pyroclastic rocks of the Baiyingaolao Formation. Three stages of mineralization are identified: quartz–pyrite (Stage I), galena–sphalerite–tetrahedrite–rhodochrosite (Stage II), and quartz–pyrite (Stage III). δ13C and δ18O values for carbonate from the ore vary from −8.51‰ to −4.96‰ and 3.97‰ to 15.90‰, respectively, which are indicative of a low-temperature alteration environment. δ34SV-CDT values of sulfides range from −1.77‰ to 4.16‰ and show a trend of equilibrium fractionation (δ34SPy ​> ​δ34SSp ​> ​δ34SGn). These features indicate that pyrite, sphalerite, and galena precipitated during the period of mineralization. The alteration mineral assemblage and isotope data indicate that the weakly acidic to weakly alkaline ore-forming fluid was derived largely from meteoric water and the ore-forming elements C and S originated from magma. During the mineralization, a geochemical barrier was formed by changes in the pH of the ore-forming fluid, leading to the precipitation of rhodochrosite. On the basis of the mineralization characteristics, new isotope data, and comparison with adjacent deposits, we propose that the Changtuxili Mn–Ag–Pb–Zn deposit is an intermediate-to low-sulfidation epithermal deposit whose formation was controlled by fractures and variability in the pH of the ore-forming fluid. The surrounding volcanic rocks yield zircon U–Pb ages of 160−146 ​Ma (Late Jurassic), indicating that the mineralization is younger than 146 ​Ma.  相似文献   

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