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前人对北川湔江袭夺湾位置的争议引发了对古湔江流向演化模式的争议。通过对断裂构造的水系响应方式的研究并辅以河流地貌证据,表明湔江的流向演化经历了银屏口分水岭迁移的主动袭夺过程和新构造运动造成湔江改道的被动袭夺过程,都坝河与通口河近似直角的交汇端应为袭夺湾的准确位置。具体来说,沿断裂发育的古都坝河在曲山镇附近首先注入古湔江,通口河溯源侵蚀切穿银屏口分水岭,古都坝河上游河段被通口河袭夺后改道注入通口河,古都坝河下游河段成为断头河。随后,因构造隆升而南流受阻的古湔江在曲山镇附近改道,水流沿已成断头河的古都坝河下段河道注入通口河。计算表明,北川湔江由古流向向现代流向转变的时期大致为距今970 ka的早更新世晚期。 相似文献
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区域地壳隆升或地槽回返褶皱成山后，斜坡上出现平行状水系。随着河流的溯源侵蚀，分水岭后退，水系适应内外力条件演变成不同型式，并发生河流袭夺。导致河流发生袭夺的决定性原因，一是袭夺河的快速溯源侵蚀，二是位于分水岭反面的高位被袭夺河的河床下与古分水岭下潜蚀作用和块体运动。湔江支流之一海子河在早更新世末依次袭夺了古花园沟河（已消失）和古银厂沟河（原石亭江右支流）等河。 相似文献
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地震导致河流改道与古蜀文明的变迁 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对三星堆文明的突然消亡,至今没有令人信服的解释,而岷江支流雁门沟,沱江支流湔江及其上游支流白水河的特殊河流地貌,尚未引起人们的重视.实地考察雁门沟、白水河及湔江,通过其河流地貌特征推断白水河和湔江为断头河,雁门沟为反向河;再利用3S技术,找到了光光山一带大规模滑坡遗迹,从而判定岷江曾在今汶川雁门向东南流,穿越光光山,沿今白水河、湔江流向沱江.岷江及其支流杂谷脑河、雁门沟、文政沟的纵剖面特征,也反映出河流曾发生过大的变迁.结合三星堆、金沙遗址考古资料以及历史文献的进一步论证,最终得出发生于1099 B.C.的地震引起山崩、滑坡堵江,进而引起河流改道,并导致三星堆文明的消亡和金沙文明的传承,以及杜宇时代的严重水灾. 相似文献
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区域地壳隆升或地槽回返褶皱成山后,斜坡上出现平行状水系.随着河流的溯源侵蚀,分水岭后退,水系适应内外力条件演变成不同型式,并发生河流袭夺.导致河流发生袭夺的决定性原因,一是袭夺河的快速溯源侵蚀,二是位于分水岭反面的高位被袭夺河的河床下与古分水岭下潜蚀作用和块体运动.湔江支流之一海子河在早更新世末依次袭夺了古花园沟河(已消失)和古银厂沟河(原石亭江右支流)等河. 相似文献
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《地理与地理信息科学》2015,(4)
河流廊道景观显著区别于其他景观类型,深入细致地分析其热环境效应有助于掌握城市热环境变化的内在规律。以四川省绵阳市为例,以Quick Bird、TM遥感影像为主要数据源,借助ArcGIS数据处理平台,研究河流廊道景观的热环境效应。首先,利用缓冲区分析方法确定涪江、安昌河和芙蓉溪的降温范围分别为300m、250m和150m,然后针对三条河流降温范围内的平均温度和河面宽度进行分析,结果表明:河面宽度、水域面积和流经区域共同影响其降温效果,三条河流中涪江降温效果最显著,且同一条河流左右两侧的降温效果也存在一定差异。 相似文献
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学习目标
掌握黄河的自然概况（发源地、长度、注人海洋、流经省区和主要地形区、上中下游的分界点、主要支流、主要水电站）——（知识目标）
理解“地上河”的成因以及黄河的综合治理（重点）,了解黄河的三个奉献。——（能力目标） 相似文献
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九龙江流域环境污染现状及整治对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、流域环境质量现状九龙江是福建省第二大河流，它位于福建省的西南部流域面积14081平方千米，主要分西溪，总长1148千米。九龙江北溪发源于连城、永定城瑁山脉东麓，主要支流有雁石溪、万安溪、新桥河、双洋河、溪南河。流经的主要具（市）有：龙岩市、漳平市、华安县、长泰县；西溪发源于博平岭南段东侧金面山-大母山-大芹山之中，主要支流有船场溪、永丰溪、萝江溪、花山溪。流经的主要具（市）有：平和县、南靖县、漳州市芗城区和龙海市。北溪下游的浦南水文站实测多年平均流量260立方米／秒，年径流量82．2亿立方米，西援下游郑店水… 相似文献
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The blocking or reversing effect of the downstream trunk river on its tributary lakes is an essential aspect of river-lake hydraulics. To measure how and the extent to which a trunk river can influence its tributary lakes, we made a case study in Changjiang River and one of its tributary lakes, Lake East Dongting (Lake ED) during a 35-year study period (1980–2014). Specifically, we investigated Lake ED’s discharge ability into Changjiang River using stage-discharge relationship curves, and hence the changes of the lake discharge ability under different hydrologic conditions of the Changjiang River. The results show that (1) the Changjiang River does exert a huge impact on the water regimes of Lake ED. And this impact varies seasonally. A variation of 3000 m3/s in Changjiang River’s runoff would change the lake water level by about 1.1 m in dry seasons, by 0.4 m in wet seasons, and by 0.6 m during severe summer floods. (2) Changes in the Changjiang River runoff triggered by the Three Gorges Dam since 2003 have led to dramatic water regime variations in Lake ED. Other factors, including reduction of lake inflow and the lake bed erosion, also exacerbated the water regime variations in Lake ED. 相似文献
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怒江流域悬移质输沙时空分布特征及变化趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用怒江-萨尔温江上游地区怒江流域5 个水文站长序列日悬移质输沙与径流观测记录,运用Mann-Kendall 检验和R/S 分析等方法,分析了50 多年来(1956-2011) 怒江干流和支流南汀河输沙时空格局和变化特征及其与径流的关系.结果表明：(1) 怒江干流平均含沙量和输沙模数远小于支流南汀河,流域悬移质输沙率年际变异系数随控制面积增大而减小;(2) 怒江干流木城站悬移质输沙率小于其上游道街坝站,部分泥沙淤积在区间河床可能是其原因之一;(3) 怒江流域悬移质输沙年内分配极不均匀,干流悬移质输沙集中程度在月以上时间尺度高于支流南汀河,而在日时间尺度则低于支流南汀河;(4) 怒江干流和支流南汀河悬移质输沙率均呈明显上升趋势,且未来仍将延续上升趋势,二者的突变分别始于1987 年和1980 年;(5) 怒江干流中上游悬移质输沙与径流的相关性不显著,中下游、下游以及支流南汀河悬移质输沙与径流的相关性均显著. 相似文献
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宛川河阶地的年代与下切机制 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
宛川河是黄河一条小规模支流,在榆中盆地中发育了至少四级堆积阶地。以"古土壤断代法"为基础,结合OSL测年和14C测年,较准确的确定了宛川河四级阶地形成的年代为330、130、50和10 ka。区域构造表明榆中盆地相对下陷,地面抬升不是引起河流下切的主要原因,同时阶地位相说明作为宛川河侵蚀基准面的黄河对宛川河下切影响只限于距河口不远的一小段距离。每级阶地面上都堆积一层古土壤指示宛川河下切于古土壤开始发育时期,对应于气候由冷干向暖湿转换的时期,河流下切的主要原因是气候变化。 相似文献
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颖河上游全新世黄土古土壤物质来源研究 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
淮河支流颖河上游嵩山东麓丘陵台地与河流阶地一典型全新世黄土-古土壤剖面磁化率、粒度成分和 >0.1 mm粒级百分比含量分析结果显示, 该地黄土磁化率明显偏低, 粒度比黄土高原地区粗, 表明该地黄土具有不同的粉尘源区, 由不同风力系统形成。深入论证分析揭示出颖河上游黄土是近源风尘沉积物, 粉尘主要来源于孟津以东黄河冲积、洪积扇的松散河流沉积物。黄河下游的频繁决口、改道、泛滥沉积为风沙活动提供了丰富的物源, 形成风沙活动的动力是东北风。3 100 a B.P.以后气候趋于干旱, 黄河下游泛滥频率增加, 风沙活动范围扩大, 沙尘暴活动强烈。 相似文献
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Dylan J. Blumentritt Herbert E. WrightJr. Vania Stefanova 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,41(4):545-562
Study of Lake Pepin and Lake St. Croix began more than a century ago, but new information has permitted a closer look at the
geologic history of these two riverine lakes located on the upper Mississippi River system. Drainages from large proglacial
lakes Agassiz and Duluth at the end of the last glaciation helped shape the current valleys. As high-discharge outlet waters
receded, tributary streams deposited fans of sediment in the incised river valleys. These tributary fans dammed the main river,
forming riverine lakes. Lake Pepin was previously thought to be a single long continuous lake, extending for 80 km from its
dam at the Chippewa River fan all the way up to St. Paul, with an arm extending up the St. Croix valley. Recent borings taken
at bridge and dam locations show more than a single section of lake sediments, indicating a more complex history. The Minnesota
and Mississippi Rivers did not always follow their current paths. Valleys cut into bedrock but now buried by glacial sediment
indicate former river courses, with the most recent of these from the last interglacial period marked at the surface by chains
of lakes. The morphology of the Mississippi valley bottom, and thus the morphology of Lake Pepin as it filled the valley,
is reflect in part by the existence of these old valleys but also by the presence of glacial outwash terraces and the alluvial
fans of tributary streams. A sediment core taken in Lake Pepin near Lake City had a piece of wood in gravels just below lake
sediments that dated to 10.3 ka cal. BP, indicating that the lake formed as the Chippewa River fan grew shortly after the
floodwaters of Lakes Agassiz and Duluth receded. Data from new borings indicate small lakes were dammed behind several tributary
fans in the Mississippi River valley between the modern Lake Pepin and St. Paul. One tributary lake, here called Early Lake
Vermillion, may have hydraulically dammed the St. Croix River, creating an incipient Lake St. Croix. The tributary fans from
the Vermillion River, the Cannon River, and the Chippewa River all served to segment the main river valley into a series of
riverine lakes. Later the growth of the Chippewa fan surpassed that of the Vermillion and Cannon fans to create a single large
lake, here called late Lake Pepin, which extended upstream to St. Paul. Sediment cores taken from Lake Pepin did not have
significant organic matter to develop a chronology from radiocarbon dating. Rather, magnetic features were matched with those
from a Lake St. Croix core, which did have a known radiocarbon chronology. The Pepin delta migration rate was then estimated
by projecting the elevations of the top of the buried lake sediments to the dated Lake Pepin core, using an estimated slope
of 10 cm/km, the current slope of Lake Pepin sediment surface. By these approximations, the Lake Pepin delta prograded past
Hastings 6.0 ka cal BP and Red Wing 1.4 ka cal BP.
This is one of eight papers dedicated to the “Recent Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi River” published in this
special issue of the Journal of Paleolimnology. D. R. Engstrom served as guest editor of the special issue. 相似文献
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金沙江金江街段河流阶地年代及对河谷水系演化历史的启示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
100多年来,关于金沙江独特水系格局的形成历史一直是地学界争论的重要话题之一。多数学者认为,现代金沙江水系是古长江袭夺古红河上游发展过来的。红河海底扇5.5 Ma泥沙供给中断被认为与这一袭夺事件有关。然而,长期以来人们一直没有找到与这一时代相匹配的地貌证据。最近在金沙江金江街段找到了多达8级的河流阶地序列,ESR测年结果显示这些阶地的形成年代为1.07 Ma、0.70 Ma、0.65 Ma、0.51 Ma、0.47 Ma、0.44 Ma、0.30 Ma和0.18 Ma,结合GPS高程测量数据,推算最近1.0 Ma以来的河谷平均下切速率为147 mm/ka。以填充河谷地形为主要手段的古地形恢复结果（基于DEM数据）显示,古长江袭夺古红河上游形成现代金沙江水系发生在这一区域内海拔2000 m左右的古地形面解体之后,依照河谷平均下切速率外推,古地形面解体时代为5.5 Ma,即现代金沙江水系形成于5.5 Ma之后。我们的研究结果与红河海底扇的资料形成一个相互呼应的证据链,为重建现代金沙江水系格局形成历史提供重要依据。 相似文献