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1.
通过瑞雷波频散曲线反演,可以建立近地表横波速度模型。瑞雷波频散曲线具有多个模态,一般情况下,基阶模态是具有最大能量的模态。目前对瑞雷波频散曲线的反演大多数是基于基阶模态,对于高阶模态的反演比较少。通过对基阶和高阶瑞雷波频散曲线反演对比分析,认为高阶模态和基阶模态频散曲线反演有比较好的一致性趋势,相对而言高阶模态频散曲线反演的横波速度比基阶要高;高阶和基阶模态能量加权反演,不仅保留了频散曲线基阶模态能量强,勘探深度深的特点,而且对浅层低速层也具有更好的响应,可有效提高反演的精度。 相似文献
2.
横波速度由于更能直接反映岩石的物理性质,从而在许多工程、环境和地下水勘查中有重要作用.多道面波分析方法(MASW)是一种新技术,通过求得的一维近地表横波速度剖面构建一个二维横波速度场,从而准确探测近地表介质情况.针对该方法数据的采集,提出了一种检波器排列自动安置的技术(自动安置排列),即使用牵引车辆的液压驱动装置在几秒内自动安置几十个检波器,并将其与传统安置排列的方法做了比较,结果表明,自动安置排列技术可用于多道面波分析方法,而且可以大大减少多道面波分析方法的采集时间和费用. 相似文献
3.
The best method to evaluate the seismic site response is by means of borehole vertical arrays that use earthquake records from different depths. In this paper we introduce the implementation of a single borehole sensor system (synchronized to a sensor on the surface) that is fixed at variable depths within a single well. This system is used for recording small amplitude earthquake signals at variable stiffness conditions in depth to compute empirical borehole transfer functions. The computed average empirical borehole transfer functions allow the estimation of an S-wave velocity model that is constrained using the frequency peak observed in the H/V ratio curve.Pairs of surface and borehole earthquake records were obtained with the borehole sensor placed at − 10, −20, −50, and − 100 m depth in a test site in Managua, Nicaragua. The average velocity of the final model down to − 100 m appeared to be in good agreement with the average velocity computed via cross-correlation using the surface and borehole signals. Likewise, an inverted MASW profile and H/V ratio at the same site agree with the S-wave velocity model obtained. 相似文献
4.
This paper presents the technique to demonstrate reliable two-dimensional (2-D) tomography of near-surface soil through multichannel
analysis of surface wave (MASW) method. The MASW method is used as seismic method for determining the shear wave velocity
profile of near-surface soil with better performance. Normally, this method represents one-dimensional (1-D) soil layer profile
to delineate anomalous subsurface materials and detect soil characteristics in geotechnical investigations. Conventionally,
the MASW method is able to represent depth corresponding shear wave velocity through 1-D representation. In this paper, this
method is improved through representation of depth and distance versus shear wave velocity profile using 2-D tomography analysis
in geotechnical investigations. The outcomes of the newly developed method are more reliable and informative in comparison
to the outcome of the conventional MASW method. The significance of this research is incorporating advanced tomography technique
with MASW method to obtain 2-D tomography of geotechnical characteristics with consistency. 相似文献
5.
复杂的浅层气云使地下波场严重扭曲,地震剖面呈现模糊带,影响工区的构造认识和储层描述。品质因子Q是地震波在地层中的衰减属性,Q深度偏移是考虑了地层吸收衰减的偏移成像技术,是提高气云区成像质量的有效方法;但是当浅层气云和深层底辟构造复杂发育时,常规Q场建模的精度往往不能满足Q偏移精细建模的需求。为解决以上难题,本文创新性地提出了全波形反演（full wave inversion, FWI）约束Q场建模技术思路：基于常规网格层析建立初始速度模型,利用FWI技术精细刻画速度异常进而约束Q模型的建立。这一“常规层析-FWI-Q反演”迭代的技术思路在白云凹陷Q深度偏移成像中得到成功应用,不仅提高了气云模糊区的成像质量,而且避免了油气勘探认识的多解性,证明了FWI约束Q场建模和Q深度偏移技术方法对改善复杂气云发育区的成像有效性。 相似文献
6.
利用高频面波反演横波速度一直是浅地表地震工程研究的热点。为深入认识利用高频面波（瑞雷波和勒夫波）评价横波速度的能力,本文首先采取高阶交错网格有限差分法实现两层模型的瑞雷波和勒夫波数值模拟,并应用τ-p变换形成频散能量图。相比瑞雷波,不同模式的勒夫波频散能量很接近,这说明易于实现多模式勒夫波反演。然后利用线性映射实现广义模式识别这种非线性反演方法对含软弱夹层的四层模型的基模式、多模式瑞雷波和勒夫波的变厚度反演。若初始模型很拙劣,相比勒夫波,瑞雷波基模式反演不能重建地层中含有软弱夹层这一特征,瑞雷波多模式反演则可以重建这一特征;勒夫波基模式和多模式反演都可以重建这一特征。即使在地层的泊松比与估计值相差很大时,瑞雷波多模式反演仍能重建地层结构,但其频散曲线总是存在"模式接吻"现象,容易模式误判;而勒夫波反演则不用估计地层泊松比,也不存在"模式接吻"现象。一系列算例表明：高模式瑞雷波的加入会显著提高横波速度评价结果的精度;而高模式勒夫波的加入会令反演系统对半空间以上异常层的参数过于敏感,造成参数过度估计,但也会显著提升对半空间横波速度的评价能力。最后,应用本文方法实现了对实测勒夫波数据的分析。 相似文献
7.
多道面波分析技术在近地表勘探领域有着广泛应用,准确的提取频散曲线成为面波勘探成像的关键。文章介绍了一种新的地震背景噪声互相关面波频散成像方法——拓距相移法。该方法在传统相移法的基础上,利用阵内相移对小孔径范围的面波中高频信号进行提取,并利用阵外相移对大孔径范围的面波中低频信号进行提取,然后将两部分频散曲线融合从而得到更宽频带的面波频散曲线用于地下速度结构的反演。该方法在保证对近地表结构进行较高分辨率成像的同时,大大增加对深部结构的有效约束。2019年9月到10月期间,作者在湖南沃溪布设了8条密集测线,进行了1个月的地震背景噪声数据采集,并利用上述拓距相移法提取了0.1~2 s的瑞利面波宽频带相速度频散曲线。通过初步反演其中3条测线的背景噪声数据,获得了该矿区深度2.5 km以浅的地震横波速度结构。经与已知地质资料比对,160测线的地震横波速度反演结果与断层、岩性分界面及矿脉有着较好的对应关系,表明获得的沃溪矿区地震横波速度结构较好地反映了控矿构造、岩性分界以及矿体的分布位置等信息,为该区中—深部找矿提供了重要依据。该研究利用实际数据检验了拓距相移法的有效性,为今后深部找矿提供了一个有效的高精度成像方法。 相似文献
8.
9.
We determined the seismic model of the soil column within a residential project site in Istanbul, Turkey. Specifically, we conducted a refraction seismic survey at 20 locations using a receiver spread with 484.5-Hz vertical geophones at 2-m intervals. We applied nonlinear tomography to first-arrival times to estimate the P-wave velocity-depth profiles and performed Rayleigh-wave inversion to estimate the S-wave velocity-depth profiles down to a depth of 30 m at each of the locations. We then combined the seismic velocities with the geotechnical borehole information regarding the lithology of the soil column and determined the site-specific geotechnical earthquake engineering parameters for the site. Specifically, we computed the maximum soil amplification ratio, maximum surface-bedrock acceleration ratio, depth interval of significant acceleration, maximum soil-rock response ratio, and design spectrum periods TA-TB. We conducted reflection seismic surveys along five line traverses with lengths between 150 and 300 m and delineated landslide failure surfaces within the site. We recorded shot gathers at 2-m intervals along each of the seismic line traverses using a receiver spread with 4 840-Hz vertical geophones at 2-m intervals. We applied nonlinear tomograpby to first-arrival times to estimate a P-wave velocity-depth model and analyzed the reflected waves to obtain a seismic image of the deep near-surface along each of the line traverses. 相似文献
10.
因对初至旅行时层数的确定和拐点拾取存存不确定性．导致时间项反演方法在近地表复杂区建立的速度模型精度不高,静校正效果不理想。对此提出了利刚旅行时差值曲线方法进行层数确定和拐点拾取。理论分析认为,运用旅行时差值曲线方法时,应尽餐选择相邻的激发点。通过对三层近地表速度模型进行射线追踪。得到初至旅行时,根据其旅行时曲线初步判定层数,再运用旅行时差值曲线进一步确定层数。观察时间项反演速度模型,其与近地表速度模型较接近,经计算反演速度模型与设计的近地表速度模型之间的均方根误差仅为0．95m,可见该方法可有效提高时间项反演的精度。 相似文献
11.
Faisal Rehman Sherif M. El-Hady Ali H. Atef Hussein M. Harbi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(8):519
The present study deals with the seismic site classification of Bahrah area, Wadi Fatima, to characterize the local site conditions. The dynamic behavior of sediments was studied by the application of surface wave inversion. The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) shallow geophysical technique was utilized for site classification. MASW survey was carried out at 66 sites along with 13 seismic refraction profiles at suitable localities. MASW and seismic refraction profiles were processed and compared with the available borehole data. The integration of MASW techniques with seismic refraction and borehole data progressively enhanced the subsurface visualization and reliability of the shear wave velocity estimation in the subsurface in the study area. The subsurface shear-wave velocity model was achieved by the solution of an inverse problem-based dispersion of surface waves and propagation in a vertically heterogeneous medium. The 2D genetic algorithm was employed for the inversion of dispersion curves to obtain velocity and thickness of subsurface layers. The depth to engineering bedrock and velocity of shear waves in the first 30 m was deciphered and mapped. The depth of bedrock in study area varies from 4 to 30 m, and V S 30 ranges from 320 to 800 m/s. The most of study area falls in B and C class categories in addition to few sites of D class according to the NEHRP guidelines. 相似文献
12.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of using seismic attributes to detect near-surface cavities. The methods used in this study include interpreting dispersion curves and amplitude mapping of the multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) technique and interpreting the delay in first arrivals of compressional waves. To test these methods, a seismic survey was conducted above a known near-surface cavity in Al-Suman Area, Saudi Arabia. The cause of the cavity is carbonization in the area; there are many cavities similar to this one. The seismic data were collected using a seismograph system with 48 vertical geophones. Both techniques show a tangible result for detecting the cavity. The 2D section of shear wave velocity, which was obtained by inverting the dispersion curves from the MASW technique, leads us to determine the shape of the cavity, as described by a low-velocity zone. Frequency against relative offset is plotted and shows a significant frequency drop in the presence of the cavity, which also provides an indication to the presence of cavity underneath. This interpretation is matched by the interpretation of observed delays in first arrivals of compressional waves. The integration of both P wave seismic refraction and MASW gives confidence in the result and matches observations of the existing cavity closely. 相似文献
13.
This paper seeks to reconstruct the parameters of elastic layered media such as P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, density and thickness from the multioffset seismic reflection data. Since the data are highly non-linear to the low-wavenumber components, the non-linear waveform inversion method, with the aid of generalized ray theory, is proposed to solve this problem in space–time domain. As opposed to the layer-stripping method, the present method attempts to invert all layer parameters simultaneously, thus reducing the cumulative errors resulting from the upper layers. The parameters are inverted by minimizing the weighted square error between the observed data and the calculated data of the layered model, the optimization of which is based on the quasi-Newton method. In synthetic tests, we find that the inverted results are good when the variation of parameters between layers is not too large. The modified method for large variation of parameters is first to fix those of deeper layers and neglect the signals reflected from them, then recover some other parameters simultaneously until those of upper layers attain a stable value, and finally, invert all parameters simultaneously. The results so obtained show a significant improvement. This method was tested to be stable in the presence of noise in seismograms. 相似文献
14.
为了更好地研究神狐海域试采区天然气水合物的展布形态和赋存状况,基于高精度层析速度反演后的叠前深度偏移地震资料进行AVO反演技术研究。为在天然气水合物富集区有效地进行AVO研究,AVO处理前运用叠前深度偏移技术,通过高精度层析反演不断迭代速度模型;然后通过偏移来改善资料的质量,结合实测钻井资料进行AVO正演分析、反演可行性分析、属性交会分析;最后将具有高横向分辨能力的地震资料和高垂向分辨能力的测井资料与地质相结合进行叠前同时反演。该方法可反演出纵、横波阻抗等属性,直接进行岩性和流体识别,结果表明,在AVO反演中引入叠前深度偏移技术,为反演提供了较高质量的叠前共反射点道集和精细的层速度模型,改善了AVO技术在试采区的应用效果,提高了反演的可靠性。反演出的各种属性为AVO分析提供了丰富的信息,能够比较准确地反映地下水合物矿体的展布情况,可用于后续水合物储层的分析及综合研究,对未来的水合物勘探开采具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
15.
Based upon the deep seismic sounding profiles carried out in the Tengchong Volcano-Geothermal Area (TVGA), western Yunnan Province of China, a 2-D crustal P velocity structure is obtained by use of finite-difference inversion and forward travel-time fitting method. The crustal model shows that a low-velocity anomaly zone exists in the upper crust, which is related to geothermal activity. Two faults, the Longling–Ruili Fault and Tengchong Fault, on the profile extend from surface to the lower crust and the Tengchong Fault likely penetrates the Moho. Moreover, based on teleseismic receiver functions on a temporary seismic network, S-wave velocity structures beneath the geothermal field show low S-wave velocity in the upper crust. From results of geophysical survey, the crust of TVGA is characterized by low P-wave and S-wave velocities, low resistivity, high heat-flow value and low Q. The upper mantle P-wave velocity is also low. This suggests presence of magma in the crust derived from the upper mantle. The low-velocity anomaly in upper crust may be related to the magma differentiation. The Tengchong volcanic area is located on the northeast edge of the Indian–Eurasian plate collision zone, away from the eastern boundary of the Indian plate by about 450 km. Based on the results of this paper and related studies, the Tengchong volcanoes can be classified as plate boundary volcanoes. 相似文献
16.
全波形反演是勘探地球物理领域兴起的核心技术之一,不但可以构建地下速度结构,也能够反演衰减参数(品质因子Q)模型,有助于识别地下介质类型和构造(如流体和煤层陷落柱),对煤和油气等自然资源的勘探和开发有重要意义。参数串扰是黏弹性全波形反演的关键难点,受速度误差影响,反演的Q模型会包含非常强的串扰噪声。针对该问题,提出了基于多目标函数的黏弹性全波形反演理论与方法,首先通过旅行时反演速度结构,再通过中心频率目标函数反演Q模型,最终使用波形差目标函数同时反演速度和Q模型。由于中心频率主要受衰减影响,因此,可有效减弱速度误差对Q反演的影响。最后,通过数值模拟验证了算法可有效地反演速度和Q模型。 相似文献
17.
叠前地震资料中包含纵波速度、横波速度、密度和吸收衰减系数等弹性及粘弹性信息,其中吸收衰减属性对储层物性及流体性质尤为敏感。本文从粘弹介质精确Zoeppritz方程出发,基于介质分解理论通过公式推导及近似,建立了包含纵波速度、横波速度、密度和吸收衰减系数的纵波反射系数特征方程,利用贝叶斯反演框架,实现了叠前纵波速度、横波速度、密度、衰减四参数同步反演。模型与实际资料反演效果均表明了该方法的可靠性。该方法较好应用于胜利油田东部海上探区的油气识别,相比于常规弹性介质流体因子,四参数同步反演方法得到的吸收衰减系数能更准确地表征油气的分布。 相似文献
18.
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19.
The lithospheric structure of the western part of the Mediterranean Sea is shown by means of S-velocity maps, for depths ranging
from 0 to 35 km, determined from Rayleigh-wave analysis. The traces of 55 earthquakes, which occurred from 2001 to 2003 in
and around the study area have been used to obtain Rayleigh-wave dispersion. These earthquakes were registered by 10 broadband
stations located on Iberia and the Balearic Islands. The dispersion curves were obtained for periods between 1 and 45 s, by
digital filtering with a combination of MFT and TVF filtering techniques. After that, all seismic events were grouped in source
zones to obtain a dispersion curve for each source-station path. These dispersion curves were regionalized and after inverted
according to the generalized inversion theory, to obtain shear-wave velocity models for rectangular blocks with a size of
1° × 1°. The shear velocity structure obtained through this procedure is shown in the S-velocity maps plotted for several
depths. These maps show the existence of lateral and vertical heterogeneity. In these maps is possible to distinguish several
types of crust with an average S-wave velocity ranging from 2.6 to 3.9 km/s. The South Balearic Basin (SBB) is more characteristic
of oceanic crust than the rest of the western Mediterranean region, as it is demonstrated by the crustal thickness. We also
find a similar S-wave velocity (ranging from 2.6 km/s at the surface to 3.2 km/s at 10 km depth) for the Iberian Peninsula
coast to Ibiza Island, the North Balearic Basin (NBB) and Mallorca Island. In the lower crust, the shear velocity reaches
a value of 3.9 km/s. The base of the Moho is estimated from 15 to 20 km under Iberian Peninsula coast to Ibiza Island, continues
towards NBB and increases to 20–25 km beneath Mallorca Island. While, the SBB is characterized by a thinner crust that ranges
from 10 to 15 km, and a faster velocity. A gradual increase in velocity from the north to the south (especially in the upper
25 km) is obtained for the western part of the Mediterranean Sea. The base of the crust has a shear-wave velocity value around
of 3.9 km/s for the western Mediterranean Sea area. This area is characterized by a thin crust in comparison with the crustal
thickness of the eastern Mediterranean Sea area. This thin crust is related with the distensive tectonics that exists in this
area. The low S-wave velocities obtained in the upper mantle might be an indication of a serpentinized mantle. The obtained
results agree well with the geology and other geophysical results previously obtained. The shear velocity generally increases
with depth for all paths analyzed in the study area. 相似文献