共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
如何充分利用离散的观测数据,通过对维管植物物种分布丰富度及其与生境因子之间的相互作用和影响机理的定量分析,实现维管植物物种丰富度的空间分布及其情景模拟,是目前生物多样性研究前沿和核心内容之一。针对这一问题,在实现青藏高原37个国家自然保护区的维管植物物种数量收集和边界数据矢量化的基础上,分别进行维管植物物种数量与土地覆盖类型、环境因子和景观生态指数等三大类生境因子之间的相关关系的定量计算和对比分析,筛选和确定最佳相关分析方程,进而构建青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度的空间模拟分析模型。该模型中,维管植物物种丰富度与生境因子之间的复相关系数为0.94,模型验证结果表明,青藏高原的维管植物物种的平均丰富度为496.79种/100 km2,其空间分布格局整体上呈东南向西北逐渐减少趋势;另外,除柴达木盆地荒漠区域以外,维管植物物种的空间分布随海拔的升高而减少。基于CMIP5 RCP 2.6、RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5三种气候情景模拟获得的青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度未来情景结果显示,在T0-T4（2010-2100）时段内,青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度整体将呈减少趋势。RCP 8.5情景下青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度的变化幅度最大,而RCP 2.6情景下的维管植物物种丰富度的变化幅度最小。研究表明,本文构建的模型能够对青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度的空间分布格局及其未来情景进行模拟分析,模拟结果可为青藏高原生物多样性及其对气候变化响应的综合评估和情景模拟提供方法和技术支持。 相似文献
2.
截至2011年7月,福建省发现的维管束植物有250科1611属4839种（含亚、变种）,是中国植物多样性较为丰富的省份之一．福建维管束植物主要集中分布在武夷山脉和戴云山脉地区,其中武夷山脉北段具有物种丰富度高、特有种多等特点,是中国11个具有全球意义的生物多样性保护的关键区之一．武夷山脉中段是福建省自然保护区分布最为密集的区域,也是福建省植物物种多样性最为丰富的地区．以福建戴云山国家级自然保护区为核心的戴云山脉中段,分布着大面积的南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林,有着丰富的植物多样性,位于戴云山脉南段的博平岭则是福建省南亚热带雨林森林生态系统的典型分布区,其植物种类在福建省植物物种多样性中独树一帜．分布在福建滨海湿地的维管束植物虽然种类不多,但地域特色显著,是福建维管束植物的重要组成部分． 相似文献
3.
截至2011年7月,福建省发现的维管束植物有250科1611属4839种（含亚、变种）,是中国植物多样性较为丰富的省份之一．福建维管束植物主要集中分布在武夷山脉和戴云山脉地区,其中武夷山脉北段具有物种丰富度高、特有种多等特点,是中国11个具有全球意义的生物多样性保护的关键区之一．武夷山脉中段是福建省自然保护区分布最为密集的区域,也是福建省植物物种多样性最为丰富的地区．以福建戴云山国家级自然保护区为核心的戴云山脉中段,分布着大面积的南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林,有着丰富的植物多样性,位于戴云山脉南段的博平岭则是福建省南亚热带雨林森林生态系统的典型分布区,其植物种类在福建省植物物种多样性中独树一帜．分布在福建滨海湿地的维管束植物虽然种类不多,但地域特色显著,是福建维管束植物的重要组成部分． 相似文献
4.
北京翠湖湿地维管束植物多样性及保护对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合北京地区湿地植物相关研究和翠湖湿地维管束植物调查结果,对翠湖湿地的维管束植物进行分类、整理和分析。结果显示:翠湖湿地有维管束植物306种,隶属76科228属,占北京市维管束植物总数的17.1%。翠湖湿地分布有多种国家级和北京市级重点保护野生植物,如野大豆Glycine soja、芡实Euryale ferox、茭白Zizania latifolia、花蔺Butomus umbellatus等。翠湖湿地还统计到外来和入侵植物共计13种,如豚草Ambrosia artemisiifolia、凤眼莲Eichhornia crassipes等。翠湖湿地维管束植物多样性丰富,需加强植物多样性保护和管理以及科普教育。 相似文献
5.
TORSTEIN ENGELSKJØN 《Polar research》1987,5(1):79-127
A renewed survey of the flora of Bjornoya (74° 31'N) has yielded a total of 54 native vascular species. Details of their distribution are provided by local maps and vertical frequency tabulations. Soil preferences of species and various plant communities are outlined. The general climate and microthermal conditions of the prevailing vegetation place Bjerneya as a pronouncedly maritime part of the Svalbard archipelago, supporting mainly hygrophilous and chionophilous plant communitites and species. Only half of the island's vascular species persist at elevations above 200 m a.s.l., corresponding to a heat sum of July and August below approximately 190 Degree-Days. Ice-cored peat mounds coated by Rhacomitrium lanuginosum were discovered on plateaux above 400 m elevation.
The impact of the Vistula glaciation is discussed in view of Quaternary evidence from the Barents Sea area. Probably only one third of the present vascular flora could endure full-glacial conditions in possible ice-free cliffs on the coast of Bjornaya. 相似文献
The impact of the Vistula glaciation is discussed in view of Quaternary evidence from the Barents Sea area. Probably only one third of the present vascular flora could endure full-glacial conditions in possible ice-free cliffs on the coast of Bjornaya. 相似文献
6.
Spatio-temporal distribution of vascular plant species abundance on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Journal of Geographical Sciences - For quantitatively explaining the correlations between the vascular plant species abundance (VPSA) and habitat factors, a spatial simulation method has been... 相似文献
7.
以长白山区泥炭地的6种泥炭藓孢子和8种维管植物种子为受试材料,进行室内模拟实验,对比研究了沙尘沉降对泥炭藓孢子和维管植物种子萌发的影响。数据分析显示,施加沙尘抑制除锈色泥炭藓外其他所有泥炭藓孢子的萌发,在接近自然沉降的50 g/(m2·a)水平时,这些泥炭藓孢子的萌发率均下降一半以上。无论沙尘施加量如何,有4种维管植物种子均未萌发。施加沙尘抑制了狭叶杜香（Rhododendron tomentosum）和小白花地榆（Sanguisorba parviflora）种子的萌发,但却对宽叶杜香（Rhododendron palustre）和燕子花（Iris laevigata）种子的萌发呈现一定的促进趋势。研究表明,沙尘沉降可抑制泥炭地泥炭藓孢子和部分典型维管植物种子的萌发,但可能会对非典型的或喜营养的泥炭地维管植物种子萌发产生促进作用。所以,长期存在的沙尘沉降,可能通过提高泥炭地N、Ca水平和pH值的作用,抑制泥炭藓孢子定居,阻滞中国长白山区泥炭地自发演替的进程。 相似文献
8.
Initial plant colonization is critical in determining subsequent ecosystem development. In a High-Arctic oasis showing atypical “directional primary succession”, we quantified the microhabitat characteristics associated with colonization by pioneer vascular plants of a bare moraine. The study moraine, formed during the Little Ice Age, is located within the proglacial area at the southern front of Arklio Glacier, Ellesmere Island, Canada. We established two line-transects on this moraine to quantify microhabitats for vascular species. Microsites favorable for plants were concave depressions, probably increasing the likelihood of colonization. At microsites distant from stable boulders, which probably protect seeds/seedlings from wind desiccation, plant colonization was less likely. Furthermore, favorable microhabitat properties differed depending on topographical location within the moraine, suggesting that, even within a single moraine, microhabitats favorable for plant colonization are heterogeneously-distributed. This moraine was characterized by two major pioneer species, Epilobium latifolium and Salix arctica. Their species-specific microhabitat requirements highlight the importance of biotic factors in colonization processes. Favorable sites for plants are generally distributed at random in harsh environments. However, we showed that initial plant colonization is a deterministic process rather than random, indicating the possibility of non-stochastic processes even during the early phase of ecosystem development in High-Arctic ecosystems. 相似文献
9.
毛乌素沙地低湿地维管植物区系特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用植物学及植物地理学方法,结合野外实地调查,对毛乌素沙地低湿地植物区系组成、地理成分、生活型及水分生态类群特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,低湿地共有维管植物59科182属323种,其中被子植物占总数的99.07%。单种科、寡种科和单种属、寡种属是低湿地植物区系的主体,是植物区系复杂性及物种多样性的主要来源,寡种属优势明显。中型科属和较大科属虽不占主体,但却往往是构成植物群落的建群种或为植物区系的代表成分,对植物区系的构成及植被的分布格局都有很大的影响。植物区系地理成分多样,温带分布型是低湿地植物区系地理成分的主要组成部分,低湿地植物具有典型的温带特征。低湿地草本植物占数量优势,草本植物以多年生为主,多年生草本植物对低湿地环境影响作用较为明显。低湿地植物地理成分及分布特征也说明气候、环境条件,植物种的生态幅度及其对环境的适应能力对植物地理分布具有决定性影响。 相似文献
10.
干旱区生物土壤结皮对种子植物多样性的影响 总被引：21，自引：13，他引：8
通过调查古尔班通古特沙漠筑路形成的严重干扰样方与自然状态下轻微干扰样方种子植物多样性的差异,结合人为干扰生物土壤结皮样方的结果,综合生物土壤结皮土壤种子库、结皮上种子萌发、生长以及土壤养分与水分的特征,研究生物土壤结皮对种子植物多样性的影响。结果表明：完整结皮与适度干扰后结皮样方内植物多样性指数D分别为0.3296和0.5291,多样性指数H分别为0.8400和1.2957,差异均达到显著水平;严重干扰样方的多样性指数D和多样性指数H均显著低于轻度干扰样方的对应指标。说明对生物土壤结皮 “适度”干扰使其保持在早期发育阶段有利于增加种子植物多样性,而“严重”干扰使结皮变为流沙阶段会降低种子植物多样性。结皮影响种子植物多样性的机理主要在于发育后期的生物土壤结皮会降低土壤种子库,也会抑制多数种类种子萌发,夏秋季结皮深层土壤水分的减少也不利于深根植物的生存,但结皮土壤拥有相对较高的养分条件却能保证一年生短命植物生长和生存。相对于流沙,生物土壤结皮的存在有益于保持相对较高的植物多样性,这可能归功于生物土壤结皮有利于地表稳定性、以及其在防风蚀和土壤形成等方面重要的生态功能,因而,在采取 “适度”干扰措施以提高植物多样性之前需要慎重考虑可能带来的不利影响。 相似文献
11.
Holocene development of aquatic vegetation in shallow Lake Njargajavri,Finnish Lapland,with evidence of water-level fluctuations and drying 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Holocene development of aquatic plant communities in subarctic Lake Njargajavri, Finnish Lapland, was studied using plant macrofossil analysis. Sediment lithology, grain size, and C/N ratios showed distinct lithological phases, indicating past water-level fluctuations. The colonization of limnophytes took place right after the formation of the lake (after ca. 11,500 cal. BP). The earliest plant macrofossil assemblages indicate nutrient-rich conditions and a warmer climate than at present. After this primary succession phase, aquatic vascular plants were replaced by aquatic bryophytes (before ca. 10,200 cal. BP). Together with lithological evidence, we interpret this as being related to the lowering water table. According to palynological, chronological, and sedimentological evidence, Njargajavri underwent a very shallow phase between ca. 10,000 and 9500 cal. BP and dried out for an unknown period of time between ca. 8000 and 5000 cal. BP. After the dry phase, the water level started to rise and sedimentation at the coring point began again. Despite re-establishment of the lacustrine habitat, late-Holocene plant macrofossil data show no marked recolonization of either vascular limnophytes or bryophytes. The reason for all limnophytes being presently absent from the lake remains speculative. The lack of nutrients and/or the cooling climate (especially shortening of the open-water season) during the latter part of the Holocene may explain why limnophytes failed to recolonize the lake. 相似文献
12.
调查记载了滕州湿地挺水植物群落、浮水植物群落、浮叶根生植物群落、沉水植物群落等4大类典型水生维管植物群落,其中包括芦苇群落、香蒲群落、菰群落、豆瓣菜群落、水苦荬群落、酸模叶蓼群落、空心莲子菜群落、浮萍群落、紫萍群落、水鳖群落、槐叶萍群落、莲群落、莕菜群落、睡莲群落、眼子菜群落、菱群落、芡群落、菹草群落、水毛茛群落、马来眼子菜+穿叶眼子菜群落、狐尾藻群落等21种群落类型,群落的组成以世界广布的植物为主,其次为暖温带性质的种类。同时对水生维管植物群落的生态价值、人类干扰及保护和利用等方面进行了讨论。 相似文献
13.
Anatomical variation in radial and longitudinal wood in Neobuxbaumia tetetzo was studied in four monopodic individuals. Vascular bundles in the radial direction from the pith to the vascular cambium and in the longitudinal direction from the base to the stem apex were analysed. Except for vessel density in the radial direction, the anatomical characters studied showed a pattern of cambial maturation similar to those reported for other angiosperms. The patterns of fiber anatomical variation show higher mechanical strength in the lower part of the stem, while the increase in vessel diameter towards the vascular cambium produces a positive relationship between plant water demands and larger size. 相似文献
14.
Three kinds of tundra plant samples including Dicranum angustum(a type of boreal bryophyte),Puccinellia phryganodes(a type of fringy plant),Salix polaris(a type of vascular plant) and surface soil were samples in 200 at Ny-lesund of the Arctic.The levels of eight heavy metal elements(Hg,Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn,Ni,Fe and Mn) and three metal-like elements(As,Se,Sr) in the plant and soil samples of the areas within previous coal mining activities are significantly higher than those of other areas.The relative accumulation of these elements in these tundra plant samples is consistent with the one in the soil samples,especially in the areas affected by previous coal-mining activities.Thus,the pollution is apparently from local coal mining activity.Dicranum angustum has the highest concentrations among those elements,and it can be a good bio-indicator for heavy metal pollution in Ny-lesund.Though Ny-lesund is less polluted by heavy metal than nearby Northern European human living areas,but much more than the tundras of the Alaska,Greenland and the Antarctic. 相似文献
15.
Concentrations of heavy metals Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg and Co were determined in surface waters, glacier ice and plant and animal materials from three regions in Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The concentrations of these metals in two samples of surface waters and in the vascular plants from Spitsbergen were found to be lower than what is commonly found in Cental Europe. Elevated concentrations were found in old ice from the surface of a glacier. The concentrations of heavy metals in algae were lower than in vascular plants. The concentrations of metals in the samples of feathers and animal hair from Spitsbergen were higher than what is common for Central Europe. 相似文献
16.
调查的基础L，统计了太岳山种子植物有97科、316属、575种（含变种），分析了该区系的主要特征，即植物区系地理成分复杂，温带成分占优势；植物资源种类丰富，区系起源古老；植物区系具明显的过渡性；植被类型复杂，具明显的垂直分布．对该区野生经济植物进行了分类统计，为植物资源合理利用与生物多样性保护提供了基础资料穹科学依据． 相似文献
17.
介绍了湿地生态系统及其氮沉降和水位下降的概况,综述了全球变化背景下的氮沉降和水位下降对湿地生态系统的具体影响。氮沉降能够在一定范围内提高生产力,具体表现在植物的地上生物量、净初级生产力、植株高度等方面,氮沉降还影响植被组成,使苔藓类植物向维管植物过渡;氮沉降通过两种方式促进微生物分解,一是解除微生物代谢的限制因素,二是改变微生物分解底物的质量;此外,氮沉降还影响温室气体(甲烷、二氧化碳、氧化亚氮)的通量。水位下降后,植被的光合速率降低,生长降低,促进微生物的分解,使温室气体二氧化碳、氧化亚氮的通量增加,使甲烷通量降低。 相似文献
18.
山东湿地植被类型和演替规律的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
山东湿地共分布有湿地高等维管植物70科277种、苔藓植物12科24种,在植物种类组成上以莎草科和禾本科植物等最为丰富。植被类型有灌丛、灌草丛、草甸、盐生、沙生、沼生和水生植被等7种。湿地植被的分布既受地理位置、气候、海拔等影响,又受制于水分、土壤和土壤含盐量等因素。湿地演替是植物群落的演替过程,即随着湿地的发育,特别是土壤水分和营养的变化,导致植物种类和群落发生改变的过程。湿地植物群落演替是气候、水文以及地貌、土壤等自然要素综合作用的结果,客观反映了湿地的形成、发育与演替过程。 相似文献
19.
Ecological and functional roles of mycorrhizas in semi-arid ecosystems of Southeast Spain 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
J.M. Barea J. Palenzuela P. Cornejo I. Sánchez-Castro C. Navarro-Fernández A. Lopéz-García B. Estrada R. Azcón N. Ferrol C. Azcón-Aguilar 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(12):1292-1301
Mycorrhizas are worldwide symbiotic associations established between certain soil fungi and most vascular plants and are fundamental in optimizing plant fitness and soil quality. Mycorrhizal symbioses improve the resilience of plant communities against environment stresses, including nutrient deficiency, drought and soil disturbance. Since these stresses are paramount in the degradation of semi-arid ecosystems in the SE Spain, a series of basic, strategic and applied studies have been made to ascertain how the activity and diversity of mycorrhizal fungi affect plant community composition, structure and dynamics in this region. These investigations are reviewed here in terms of: (i) analysing the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi; (ii) assessing the ecological and functional interactions among plant communities and their associated mycorrhizal fungal populations; and (iii) using mycorrhizal inoculation technology for the restoration of degraded semi-arid areas in Southeast Spain. Disturbance of the target semi-arid ecosystems decreases the density and diversity of mycorrhizal fungust populations. Nevertheless, the mycorrhizal propagules do not disappear completely suggesting a certain degree of stress adaptation, and these remaining, resilient ecotypes are being used as plant inoculants. Numerous field experiments, using plant species from the natural succession inoculated with a community of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi, have been carried out in revegetation projects in the semi-arid Iberian Southeast. This management strategy improved both plant development and soil quality, and is a successful biotechnological tool to aid the restoration of self-sustaining ecosystems. However, despite a 20-year history of this work, we lack a comprehensive view of the mycorrhizal potential to improve the composition, diversity, structure and functionality of drought-adapted plant communities in the Region. 相似文献
20.