共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
环境保护作为新常态时代下我国推进生态流域文明体系建设的关键环节,推进黄河流域地区生态环境治理已成为生态文明建设的重要内容。通过选取我国黄河流域唯一被干流贯通的省会城市兰州市为研究对象,根据2010—2019年黄河流域兰州段统计资料,构建了黄河流域兰州段生态环境及高质量发展水平评价指标体系,并利用熵权法构建耦合度模型,全面解析和综合评估了生态环境与高质量发展的耦合水平特征。结果表明：黄河流域兰州段生态环境水平并不高,呈“恶化-好转-恶化-好转”的态势,而高质量发展水平呈“降-升-降-升-降-升”的波动态势。总体来看,兰州市生态环境与高质量发展协调性有待加强,应充分考虑黄河流域整体性特征,坚持生态保护优先原则,同步推进产业的专业化整合与转型升级,提升城市综合治理能力,在城乡融合发展基础上优化城市功能结构布局,最终实现人居生态环境可持续发展。 相似文献
2.
黄河流域城镇扩张对区域景观格局影响显著,城市群人口聚集与增长引发了流域“人-地”矛盾和“空间冲突”等一系列生态环境问题。基于土地利用数据和FLUS模型对2025年和2035年呼包鄂榆城市群城镇化与土地利用时空演化特征进行多情景模拟预测。结果表明：① 1990—2018年呼包鄂榆城市群整体发展水平较低,建设用地面积经历了“平稳增加-缓慢增加-急剧增加”的变化过程,区域总体以草地为主,其占土地总面积的50%以上,其次是未利用土地和耕地,林地和建设用地次之。② 城市群扩张最剧烈地区在空间上主要发生在呼和浩特市、包头市等城市主城区,且扩张模式以外延式扩张为主,扩张来源主要是耕地、草地等生态用地。③ 三种情景模拟发现,2025年和2035年区域土地利用变化的空间结构和特征差异明显。自然发展情景下,城市扩张不受约束,高速增长占据了大量生态用地;加入生态约束条件很好的控制了对草地和林地的占用;经济发展情景下,城市扩张将进一步占据更多的未利用土地和耕地。本研究通过城市群扩张时空格局演化及情景模拟分析,尝试为区域规划、城市空间规划和区域生态空间保护提供多角度、多情景和可选择的政策决策参考。 相似文献
3.
In the new era of the rapid development of economic globalization and the community of human destiny, the implementation of the “One Belt and One Road” (OBOR) construction model is designed to coordinate environmental protection and economic development. Most of the countries along the Silk Road in the 21st century are developing countries, and the majority of them are facing the same ecological and developmental difficulties as China. In this paper, under the background of the “OBOR” strategy and on the basis of the distribution of global climate types, we selected Central Asia and Northwest China, which have temperate continental climates, as the research objects. We sorted out and summarized the main ecological problems faced by Western China and Central Asia during the development of the “Belt and Road” initiative. At the same time, in combination with the major ecological governance projects implemented in recent years, we proposed key ecological governance technologies that have a certain degree of scalability, such as key technologies for water resource utilization and protection, sand prevention and control, and saline-alkali land governance. The aim was to offer the experiences and a reference for providing technological models for the “one belt along the road” region and the country to build an effective ecological governance system. Two suggestions are then proposed for improving the feasibility and rationality of ecological governance technology in the construction of the “One Belt, One Road”. 1) With the implementation of the strategy of “OBOR” construction, the ecological threats the OBOR countries are facing cannot be ignored. Every country needs to jointly act to build an “OBOR” ecological civilization. 2) The participants must pay attention to the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of ecological carrying capacity, and provide data reference and support for the reasonable allocation of ecological governance technology. 相似文献
4.
塔里木河流域地处我国西北新疆,面积约102×104 km2,是我国丝绸之路经济带建设的核心区。在过去50 a里,塔里木河流域经历了大规模的水土资源开发,经济社会发展的同时,河道断流,湖泊干涸,沙漠化加剧,生物多样性受损,生态隐忧日益加剧,已威胁塔里木河流域绿洲经济发展和社会稳定,严重影响国家"丝绸之路经济带"建设。荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室针对塔里木河流域的生态环境问题,开展了长期的生态监测与科学研究,基于多年监测调查数据,解析了塔里木河荒漠河岸林植被与地下水的关系,揭示了生态系统退化过程和机理,提出了塔里木河下游合理/胁迫/临界地下水位与流域生态需水量,研发提出的退化生态系统修复重建关键技术得到推广应用;提出的重点生态工程建设方案,被纳入《南疆水利规划》;提出的流域水资源管理建议被国家采纳并实施。科技支撑塔里木河流域生态修复及可持续管理,为丝绸之路经济带生态文明建设提供了重要科学依据和示范样板。 相似文献
5.
塔里木河流域源流初始水权方案政府批准实施,流域机构的行政级别和行政授权不断加强,流域水法规体系建设不断完善,一个围绕水资源使用权管理,并涉及行政、法规、科学管理的“水权塔河”管理体制业已形成。通过流域水权的层次结构和适时水权的管理运行体系系统分析,客观地评价了“水权塔河”的体制绩效以及存在的问题。并提出了构建“水权链”、“目标责任链”和“生态文化”的未来水资源管理模式的三大愿景。 相似文献
6.
生态输水是塔里木河流域退化胡杨林生态恢复的主要措施,及时监测和准确评估其恢复成效是优化输水策略、完善胡杨林修复体系的关键。以2013年以来8个胡杨林区为研究对象,基于中高分辨率遥感数据监测不同胡杨林区生态输水前后植被面积、长势及植被覆盖度的时序变化,探讨胡杨林恢复与生态输水的关系。结果表明：（1） 2016年以来整个流域累计漫溢水面为2172.96 km2,占林区总面积的4.39%,主要分布在输水通道两侧及末端10 km范围内。（2） 输水前后林区植被整体呈现由退化到恢复的转变,林区生态恢复水平与年最大漫溢面积显著正相关。（3） 生态恢复成效评估表明,生态恢复最显著的区域是塔里木河中上游和叶尔羌河下游的夏马勒林场,但整个流域远离输水通道的胡杨林仍有退化趋势。合理规划输水通道建设,扩大胡杨林区的受水范围是退化胡杨林生态恢复的关键。 相似文献
7.
The adoption of both Nature-based Solutions (NbS) and a system perspective is a hot issue and an area in which there is much room for improvement in ecological protection and restoration. The study takes Altay region as an example, an area located in Xinjiang, China, which is an important ecological corridor of the national key functional area and the core area of the Belt and Road but has a fragile ecological environment and needs much enhancement in ecological protection and restoration. Guided by the concept of “mountains-rivers-forests- farmlands-lakes-grasslands (MRFFLG) system is a life community”, the coupling relationship of the various MRFFLG elements, the main ecological environmental problems and the integrated countermeasures for protection and restoration in Altay region have been analyzed in this study. The study shows that Altay region has a typical meta-ecosystem of mountain, oasis, and desert, and the connections by rivers and lakes make the ecosystem links within the region much closer. The interweaving of resource-environmental-ecological issues of the aquatic ecosystem, degradation of the quality of terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, grasslands and farmlands, the increased ecosystem fragmentation and ecological risks are the major ecological environmental issues in this region. This study takes the improvement of the ecosystem health and function in Altay region as the core goal of regional ecological protection and restoration. First, we establish a zoning governance pattern from the perspective of ecosystem integrity; second, we design governance strategies for different zones with the goal of synergistic improvements in the ecosystem functions; and finally, we clarify the key engineering tasks in different zones from the perspective of ecosystem services. Ecological conservation and restoration of the MRFFLG system is a prime example of the application and development of NbS in China. This paper constructs an analytical framework for identifying regional life communities, diagnosing ecological protection and restoration of zoning problems, and proposing classified solutions for ecological protection tasks for the protection of the MRFFLG system. This research will enrich the theory and technology for the protection and restoration of MRFFLG systems, and provide guidance for the practice of ecological protection and restoration in Altay region. 相似文献
8.
Grasslands have critically important ecological and economic values while most of them have been suffering from various degrees of degradation in China due to overgrazing. The “Forage-Livestock Balance” (FLB) policy has been implemented for more than a decade, aims to balance the relationship between forage productivity and grazing consumption of grasslands by livestock. According to the review of statistical data and literatures on policy evaluation, FLB-dominated subsidies for grassland ecological conservation policies are ineffective on grassland restoration, livestock reduction in some overloaded areas and improvement on herdsmen livelihood. To deal with the dilemma, we suggest a fundamental shift of strategy from controlling livestock numbers to maintaining and improving grassland health (MIGH) based on ecological theories, and promote the sustainable development of grassland in China. The results show that, FLB policy failed to obtain expected benefits mainly because it interfered with the herders' autonomous use of contracted grasslands along with the defects of its underlying theory and methodologies. Implementing reward and punishment based on ecosystem health will not only motivate herders to manage their grassland autonomously, but also be more scientific and feasible than FLB. 相似文献
9.
黄河三角洲芦苇湿地生态修复效果评价研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于黄河三角洲芦苇湿地退化现状及所实施的生态修复工程,以正负参照系选取了4块不同修复年限的样地,从湿地生态系统的环境质量、结构与功能的角度构建了湿地修复效果评价指标体系,利用层次分析法确定各指标权重,利用模糊综合评价法对黄河三角洲盐渍化芦苇湿地的修复效果进行定量评价。结果表明:黄河三角洲芦苇湿地4年修复期的样地评价得分为4.01,2年修复期的样地评价得分为3.16,对应评价结果分别为"优"和"良"的等级。相比负向对照,修复区的水体指标和土壤指标参数显著改善,而植被生物量和密度与自然样地还有较大差距,说明生物群落的建立需要更长的时间;同时,湿地水资源管理是该区芦苇湿地生态修复工程的关键,应根据芦苇不同生长期的需水量,制定合理的抽灌制度,达到洗碱脱盐和植被建群的双重目的。 相似文献
10.
大型输水工程的生态效益与社会经济效益评价——以塔里木河下游为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于塔里木河下游2000年、2010年、2016年3期的遥感资料,对区域内的土地类型进行分类,评估整个区域的生态系统服务价值变化特征,并应用主成分分析法等估算区域的社会经济评价分值。结果表明：① 自生态输水以来,塔里木河下游地区的未利用地面积变化不大,水域面积增加最显著,耕地和建筑用地面积有所增加,林地和草地的面积有所减少。② 2000~2016年,塔里木河下游生态系统各项服务功能价值有所增加,其中以提供美学景观价值和气体调节的价值增加最大,增加率分别为318.35%,312.94%;生态系统服务总价值增加率约为69.57%。③ 影响塔里木河下游经济发展的因素可以概括为经济地理因素与农业发展水平。 相似文献
11.
Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region during 2000-2011 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIU Xianfeng ZHANG Jinshui ZHU Xiufang PAN Yaozhong LIU Yanxu ZHANG Donghai LIN Zhihui 《地理学报》2014,24(2):288-302
The Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR),which is the source area of the Yangtze River,Yellow River,and Lancang River,is of key importance to the ecological security of China. Because of climate changes and human activities,ecological degradation occurred in this region. Therefore,"The nature reserve of Three-River Source Regions" was established,and "The project of ecological protection and construction for the Three-River Headwaters Nature Reserve" was implemented by the Chinese government. This study,based on MODIS-NDVI and climate data,aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the TRHR between 2000 and 2011,from three dimensions. Linear regression,Hurst index analysis,and partial correlation analysis were employed. The results showed the following:(1) In the past 12 years (2000-2011),the NDVI of the study area increased,with a linear tendency being 1.2%/10a,of which the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions presented an increasing trend,while the Lancang River source region showed a decreasing trend. (2) Vegetation coverage presented an obvious spatial difference in the TRHR,and the NDVI frequency was featured by a bimodal structure. (3) The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area,being 64.06% and 35.94%,respectively during the study period,and presented an increasing trend in the north and a decreasing trend in the south. (4) The reverse characteristics of vegetation coverage change are significant. In the future,degradation trends will be mainly found in the Yangtze River Basin and to the north of the Yellow River,while areas with improving trends are mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin. (5) The response of vegetation coverage to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has a time lag,while there is no such lag in the case of temperature. (6) The increased vegetation coverage is mainly attributed to the warm-wet climate change and the implementation of the ecological protection project. 相似文献
12.
2000-2011 年三江源区植被覆盖时空变化特征 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
基于MODIS-NDVI 数据,辅以线性趋势分析、Hurst 指数及偏相关系数等方法,本文从三个尺度分析了近12 年三江源区植被覆盖时空变化特征、未来趋势及其驱动因素。结果表明:(1) 近12 年三江源区植被覆盖呈现增加趋势,增速为1.2%/10a,其中长江源区、黄河源区植被均呈增加趋势,而澜沧江源区植被呈下降趋势。(2) 三江源区植被覆盖具有显著的区域差异,且NDVI频度呈现“双峰”结构。(3) 近12 年三江源区植被覆盖呈增加趋势和减少趋势的面积分别占64.06%和35.94%,且表现为源区北部增加、南部减少的空间格局。(4) 三江源区植被变化的反向特征显著,植被变化由改善趋势转为退化趋势的区域主要分布在长江源区和黄河源区的北部,而由退化趋势转为改善趋势的区域主要分布在澜沧江源区。(5) 三江源区植被对降水和潜在蒸散的响应存在时滞现象,而对气温的响应不存在时滞现象。(6) 三江源区植被覆盖的增加主要归因于气候暖湿化以及生态保护工程的实施。 相似文献
13.
研究和确定流域生态基流及天然植被需水量是为了遏制因河道断流或流量减少而造成的生态环境退化,以确保流域生态系统健康发展。根据孔雀河流域植被类型分布及多年径流状况,将河道分为A、B两部分,A段为孔雀河上游塔什店至第三分水枢纽常年未断流河道;B段为第三分水枢纽以下天然植被主要分布区。基于塔什店水文站近50 a水文数据,结合Tennant法等4种方法对A段河道生态基流进行估算;选择潜水蒸发法、定额法对B段距河道1 km辐射范围内的天然植被需水量进行计算。结果表明:Tennant法估算的年均生态基流为9.13 m3·s-1,对应基本生态水量为2.88×108 m3·a-1,满足A段河道2000—2018年多年平均河损,且近10 a(2009—2018年)塔什店实测年均流量均可满足此生态基流标准;B段河道辐射范围内天然植被总面积为4.66×104 hm2,生态需水量为0.95×108 m3·a-1,以孔雀河生态输水工程为例科学调控水资源,在满足A段基本生态基流的同时兼顾B段天然植被需水量。研究结果对实现孔雀河河道修复和不同水平年下生态供水具有一定的意义。 相似文献
14.
黑河流域水-生态-经济发展耦合模型及应用 总被引：32，自引：2，他引：30
以系统动力学模型为依据,根据黑河流域生态系统、生产系统和生活系统相互作用形成的水-生态-经济协调发展耦合关系式,建立了黑河流域水-生态-经济协调发展耦合模型;通过动态模拟和综合调试,从众多实验方案中选择生成水-生态保护型发展方案 (WEP)、水-经济高效型发展方案 (WEH)、水-生态-经济协调型发展方案 (WEE) 3种有效方案。认为WEE方案耗水量介于WEP和WEH之间,经济效益和生态环境效益都比较显著,同时兼顾了黑河流域的经济发展目标和生态环境保护目标,虽然单纯从经济发展或生态保护角度分析,不是最好的方案,但从流域可持续发展和建设流域生态经济带的角度分析,却是一个最优化的方案。进而对WEE方案对应的水-生态-经济协调发展趋势做了分析。认为未来30年流域需水总量总体呈缓慢增加趋势,流域用水结构逐步呈合理化方向演变,流域上、中、下游需水总量和结构的动态变化趋势不尽一致,农业用地结构、粮-经-草种植结构和产业结构都不同程度地朝着合理化方向发展,单方水产值及经济效益总体呈显著增加趋势。 相似文献
15.
黄河流域国土空间开发格局优化研究——基于国土开发强度视角 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
构建科学适度有序的国土空间格局是实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的根本保证。基于成本-效益理论和空间均衡理论,构建国土开发限度和均衡度评估模型,研究2009—2017年黄河流域国土开发强度。结果表明：① 黄河流域国土空间开发已临近超载,可开发空间用地效益明显偏低。② 黄河流域国土开发空间差异悬殊,与国土利用的经济梯度基本吻合。③ 黄河流域国土开发供给能力总体偏低,水资源保障能力是最大约束。为此,建议：① 引导构筑流域重点保护与整体统筹的国土空间开发新秩序;② 建立流域生态格局、生态空间和一体化治理等长效治理新机制;③ 推进流域、区域以及流域内外竞合空间协同,探索黄河流域高质量发展新路径。 相似文献
16.
黑河流域土地利用变化严重影响植物物种多样性。为了解自然、社会经济因素对黑河流域土地利用变化影响下植物物种多样性的变化趋势,本研究使用Dyna-CLUE模型,预测2050年土地利用变化,揭示多因素影响下黑河流域土地利用变化,及土地利用变化与草本、灌木物种多样性间的关系。结果表明:降水、GDP、与自然村距离等因子共同驱动土地利用变化,2050年林地、草地和水域面积的增加和未利用地面积的减小,提高了灌木、草本植物的多样性,并使之均匀度更高,种间优势度减小。耕地面积的扩张和耕地集约化导致植物分布不均、多样性减少。将模拟结果和植物物种多样性发展趋势相结合能够对未来的土地利用规划、政策及生态保护决策提供依据。应针对不同区域土地利用变化情况,制定相应的生物多样性和生态环境保护政策,促进黑河流域生态环境的恢复并支持流域可持续发展。 相似文献
17.
The middle reaches of the Yellow River represent an important area for the protection and development of the Yellow River Basin. Most of the area of the river basin is within the Loess Plateau, which establishes it as a fragile ecological environment. Firstly, using high-resolution data of land use in the watershed from the past 30 years, landscape ecological risk(LER) sample units are defined and an ecological risk index(ERI) model is constructed. Kriging interpolation is used to display the LE... 相似文献
18.
珠江河口滩涂湿地的问题及其保护研究 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19
珠江河口滩涂湿地是河口淤泥质淤长型湿地，它的自然特性和生态特点为河口生物资源多样性提供了生存和繁衍增殖的基础条件。随着珠江流域经济社会的发展，珠江河口滩涂湿地面积不断减少，同时还面临各种不可忽视的危机和问题。现以珠江流域水土资源开发利用和管理保护的视角研究珠江河口湿地保护的基本措施，建议加大依法保护河口滩涂湿地，科学利用滩涂湿地岸线，合理划分滩涂湿地的功能，动态研究河口湿地生态的发展，进一步保护河口湿地自然生态和生物多样性，使人与滩涂湿地和谐相处。 相似文献
19.
长江经济带绿色生态廊道建设研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
长江及其流域生态环境保护是长江经济带建设的基础和重要的支撑保障。长江横贯中国东中西三大地带,水量丰沛、水生态系统服务价值巨大。长江经济带生态区位重要,生态系统类型多样,生物多样性丰富,自然与人为因素影响下的生态环境变化呈现明显的区域差异。本文在系统分析长江经济带生态环境现状特征的基础上,总结了长江经济带面临的灾害威胁大、环境污染重和生态退化快等主要生态环境问题与威胁,提出了建设长江经济带绿色生态保障工程体系,加快形成开发集约集中、生态自然开敞的国土空间开发格局,加大生态系统完整性和连通性建设与保护力度,强化节能减排和流域环境综合治理,以及率先建立和完善生态文明制度体系等生态环境保护总体策略,确保长江经济带成为“水清地绿天蓝”的绿色生态走廊。 相似文献
20.
基于源流下泄水量及生态输水变化、台特玛湖面积变化、土地覆被状况指数、植被净初级生产力等评价指标,对塔里木河流域近期综合治理规划工程生态成效及成因进行了评估。结果显示：塔里木河阿拉尔水文站年均径流量达45.76×108 m3,台特玛湖水域面积2014年增加至415.67 km2,源流输水量及水流基本到达台特玛湖基本达到综合治理规划要求;整个流域耕地的增加对自然植被的影响较大,毁林开荒现象需要关注;源流区阿克苏河流域和叶尔羌河流域生态系统状况稳定性较好,和田河流域次之,开-孔河流域稳定性较差,开-孔河山区急需拟定应对生态状况变差的措施;塔里木河干流耕地增加较快,上游和中游生态系统结构在维持民生发展的前提下急需调整,下游生态系统结构好转。 相似文献