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1.
利用不锈钢环形采泥器 ,在胶州湾潮间带沿天然断面选取典型站位 ,现场采取无扰动沉积物样品 ,应用生物扰动实验系统 (Annular Flux System) ,选用菲律宾蛤仔 (Ruditapes philippinarum)和缢蛏 (Sinonovacula constricta) ,在实验室内进行实验。结果表明 :菲律宾蛤仔个体的生物沉降率平均为 0 .15g/ m2 · h· ind,平均净生物沉降率为自然颗粒沉降率的 3.0 5倍 ;缢蛏个体的生物沉降率平均为 0 .2 9g/ m2·h· ind,平均净生物沉降率为自然颗粒沉降率的 2 .6 3倍。  相似文献   

2.
2012年7月,在荣成天鹅湖用自行研制的沉积物捕集器现场测定底内动物菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)和底上动物长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的生物沉积速率,以建立潮间带贝类生物沉积的现场测定方法,并评价两种贝类对潮间带生态环境的影响。结果表明:各组内沉积物重量差异不显著,处理组与对照组的沉积物重量差异显著(F=58.047,P=0.000),测得的生物沉积速率与文献具有可比性,因此可以推测新型生物沉积物捕集器适用于浅水区(潮间带),能够准确测定生物沉积速率。在平均水温18.8°C条件下,菲律宾蛤仔和长牡蛎都具有较高的生物沉积速率。壳长(25.0±1.5)mm、软体干重(0.12±0.03)g的菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率为(44.92±4.12)mg/(ind·d);壳长(29.8±1.3)mm、软体干重(0.23±0.05)g的菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率为(54.84±7.77)mg/(ind·d);壳长(98.8±14.1)mm、软体干重(3.94±0.66)g的长牡蛎生物沉积速率为(1069.01±212.24)mg/(ind·d)。作为天鹅湖海区两种典型贝类,据估算,每平方米面积内的蛤仔和长牡蛎每天分别将29.9g、15.0g的悬浮颗粒物通过滤食和排粪沉积到底层,增强了水层-底栖系统的耦合作用。  相似文献   

3.
为了解胶州湾养殖水域和自然水域的底栖动物生态状况,尤其是水产养殖等人类活动对胶州湾生态系统的影响,在胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔养殖区内外选取六个典型站位,于2011年4月进行了大型底栖动物和环境因子的采样,分析比较了养殖区内外大型底栖动物的丰度、生物量、群落结构和生物多样性等群落特征以及与环境因子的关系。本研究共采到大型底栖动物77种,其平均丰度为1154.44 ind./m~2,平均生物量为369.33 g.wwt/m~2。研究结果表明的养殖区内外大型底栖动物的优势种、丰度、生物量和群落结构差别较大。根据CLUSTER聚类结果,可以将大型底栖动物群落划分为3个站群。与历史数据相比,本研究6个站位中自然水域的站位丰度、生物量降低,而养殖水域内的站位丰度、生物量较高。菲律宾蛤仔养殖活动压力已造成胶州湾养殖区域及其邻近自然海域的大型底栖动物群落特征发生了一定变化。  相似文献   

4.
根据2009年春季在胶州湾西北部潮滩湿地进行的7个断面35个站位的大型底栖动物调查数据,应用单变量指数法、多元统计分析等方法研究了2009年春季大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。研究表明,采集到的51种大型底栖动物中,多毛类18种、软体类17种、甲壳类11种、其它种类5种,大型底栖动物平均丰度111.5ind·m-2,平均生物量124.7g·m-2,优势种为凸壳肌蛤(Musculus senhousei)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)、缢蛏(Sinonovac-ula constricta)和日本大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus japonicus)。用等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)和多维尺度排序分析(NMDS)划分出大型底栖动物群落4个,包括潮滩湿地西南群落Ⅰ、潮滩湿地东北群落Ⅱ、潮滩湿地中部群落Ⅲ和潮滩湿地低潮群落Ⅳ。相似性百分比(SIMPER)分析表明,群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅱ的特征种为日本大眼蟹,群落Ⅲ的特征种为缢蛏,群落Ⅳ的特征种为菲律宾蛤仔,且菲律宾蛤仔也是群落Ⅳ与群落Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的分歧种。群落Ⅲ的生物多样性最高,而群落Ⅳ的最低。生物-环境(BIOENV)分析表明,影响胶州湾西北部潮滩湿地大型底栖动物群落结构的相关环境因子主要为海水盐度、沉积物粒径、滩涂养殖种菲律宾蛤仔丰度以及污染因子重金属汞、镉等。  相似文献   

5.
菲律宾蛤仔的生物扰动对沉积物颗粒垂直分布的影响   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
以化学稳定的荧光砂作为示踪颗粒 ,研究底栖双壳类软体动物菲律宾蛤仔对沉积物的扰动 ,探讨滤食性贝类通过生物扰动作用在水层—底栖耦合过程中的作用。实验表明 ,在整个实验周期 ( 15天 )内 ,表层示踪砂有 2 8.2 %悬浮进入水体 ,3 6.1%由表层垂直向下迁移 ,垂直迁移率为 1.65× 10 -5·g-1·cm-2 ·d-1;沉积物 8cm深处示踪砂分别有 2 7.0 %向上和12 .6%向下迁移 ,迁移率分别为 1.5 2× 10 -5·g-1·cm-2 ·d-1和 0 .61× 10 -5·g-1·cm-2 ·d-1。个体大小和摄食状态均对蛤仔的扰动作用有影响 :个体增大 ,表层示踪砂悬浮进入水体的量增加 ,以单位湿重表示的迁移率降低 ,但均无显著性差异 ;投饵组大于无饵组 ,除 8cm深处小蛤的垂直上移率外 ,其它无显著性差异。  相似文献   

6.
三沙湾西北部滨海湿地潮间带生物生态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文报道三沙湾西北部滨海湿地潮间带生物109种,其中多毛类、软体动物和甲壳动物占总种数的89.90%,三者构成潮间带生物主要类群.断面间比较,Sch1断面的种数最少（42种）,Sch3断面的种数最多（73种）.种类季节变化,以春季种数（83种）大于秋季（59种）.三沙湾西北部滨海湿地潮间带生物平均生物量12.45g/m^2,平均栖息密度为368个/m^2.生物量以软体动物居第一位（7.34g/m^2）,甲壳动物居第二位（2.55g/m^2）;栖息密度以软体动物居第一位（196个/m^2）,多毛类居第二位（154个/m^2）.数量垂直分布,生物量以中潮区（15.20g/m^2）大于高潮区（12.37g/m^2）大于低潮区（9.78g/m^2）;栖息密度以低潮区（563个/m^2）大于中潮区（483个/m^2）大于高潮区（56个/m^2）.数量季节变化,生物量以春季（16.69g/m^2）大于秋季（8.21g/m^2）;栖息密度以春季（677个/m2）大于秋季（58个/m^2）.三沙湾西北部滨海湿地潮间带生物按断面和所处的位置可分为3个群落：Sch1泥沙滩群落,高潮区：黑口滨螺-粗糙滨螺带;中潮区：中蚓虫-鸭嘴蛤-秀丽长方蟹带;低潮区：似蛰虫-焦河篮蛤-鸭嘴蛤带.Sch2泥沙滩群落,高潮区：黑口滨螺-粗糙滨螺带;中潮区：才女虫-鸭嘴蛤-淡水泥蟹带;低潮区：似蛰虫-侧底理蛤-鸭嘴蛤带.Sch3泥沙滩群落,高潮区：黑口滨螺-粗糙滨螺带;中潮区：才女虫-鸭嘴蛤-短拟沼螺-弧边招潮带;低潮区：不倒翁虫-侧底理蛤-齿腕拟盲蟹带.结果分析表明：春季Sch1和Sch2群落不稳定,秋季Sch1、Sch2群落和Sch3群落相对稳定,总体显示,三沙湾西北部滨海湿地潮间带生物群落发生扰动,初步分析认为与优势种鸭嘴蛤和优势种才女虫季节演替有关.  相似文献   

7.
通过分析第十次北极考察楚科奇海、白令海考察区表层沉积物样品中放射性核素~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs,获得表层沉积物(0～8 cm)中~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs在不同断面和不同层的比活度范围和分布。楚科奇海陆架区R断面表层沉积物(0～2 cm层)~(210)Pb比活度范围为44.80～117.45 Bq·kg~(-1);~(137)Cs检出主要分布在表层沉积物(2～4 cm和4～6 cm层),比活度范围为未检出～2.23 Bq·kg~(-1)。白令海BL和BR断面表层沉积物(0～2 cm层)~(210)Pb比活度范围分别为29.93～141.35 Bq·kg~(-1)和40.78～620.43 Bq·kg~(-1);BL和BR断面~(137)Cs比活度范围分别为未检出～2.48 Bq·kg~(-1)和未检出～2.08 Bq·kg~(-1)。其中在白令海考察区南端陆坡区深海站位出现~(210)Pb比活度高值;结合表层沉积物垂向分层数据揭示水体中~(210)Pb随颗粒物移除沉降到海底,随海底深度增加而显著升高;各站位的表层沉积物年沉积率随海底深度增加而降低。深海区域站位表层沉积物~(210)Pb比活度随海底深度增加而增加现象说明,颗粒物沉降过程的吸附作用是主要原因。也表明表层沉积物~(210)Pb比活度与海水深度的比值作为~(210)Pb均化因子(HF),可指征颗粒物中~(210)Pb比活度从水体上层至海洋底层随沉降过程的平均变化。研究结果表明楚科奇海陆架区部分站位表层沉积物~(210)Pb存在明显的扰动情况,楚科奇海陆架区、白令海陆架区表层沉积物中~(137)Cs在沉积物各层深分布不均匀。  相似文献   

8.
椒江口潮间带大型底栖动物群落beta多样性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文
于2007年10月在椒江口共布设6条潮间带采样断面,每条断面在中潮带上区、中区、下区和低潮区各设1站位进行大型底栖动物采样。分析了不同采样站位数与大型底栖动物种数的关系,选用Wilson-Shmidabeta多样性测度方法,对以下3种空间环境梯度下大型底栖动物群落beta多样性进行了研究:(1)断面内垂直环境梯度;(2)河流到海洋的环境梯度;(3)河口两岸间的距离梯度。分析了不同采样站位数对群落beta多样性指数的影响,结果显示:(1)随着采样站位数的增加,物种数呈增加趋势但增速渐慢,同时beta多样性指数呈下降趋势;(2)不同的潮区间隔下的be-ta多样性指数均有显著差异;(3)在北岸和南岸,随着断面间距的增加beta多样性指数均呈升高趋势,而且与各断面的沉积物粒度、油类含量呈显著相关;(4)椒江口为喇叭形河口,随着河口两岸断面距离的增加beta多样性指数呈升高趋势。  相似文献   

9.
玉环坎门排污口邻近岩相潮间带生物分布特征   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
2002年8月对玉环坎门污水处理厂排污口邻近岩相潮间带生物进行定性和定量样品采样,共鉴定出生物57种,其中大型藻类8种、多毛类动物2种、软体动物28种、甲壳类动物13种、棘皮动物1种和其它类动物5种。该排污口邻近两侧岩相潮间带平均生物量为1544.72g/m2,平均栖息密度为3948个/m2。位于排污口左侧的I断面生物量和栖息密度(2406.19g/m2和7415个/m2)明显高于II断面(683.27g/m2和484个/m2),I断面的生物多样性指数(0.91)和均匀度指数(0.39)小于II断面(1.80和0.68);两条断面生物量垂直分布均为中潮区>低潮区>高潮区,I断面栖息密度分布为中潮区>低潮区>高潮区,II断面栖息密度分布为中潮区>高潮区>低潮区。对排污口邻近岩相潮间带生物生态分析表明,该潮间带生物数量的水平分布受海岸开敞度的影响,而垂直分布则与潮区的不同和浪击度的强弱有关。  相似文献   

10.
天津鲤鱼门滩涂经济贝类资源变化及原因探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为探讨天津汉沽鲤鱼门潮间带经济贝类资源的变化特征,2012~2014年作者对该滩涂经济贝类开展资源调查,并与2008年的调查结果进行对比分析。结果表明:2012~2014年经济贝类种数分别为9种、10种、10种,高于2008年的7种;鲤鱼门滩涂经济贝类主要分布于中潮区,2012~2014年中潮区经济贝类资源量分别为1 082.8、1 183.9和1 339.8g/m2,高于2008年的293.5 g/m2;2012~2014年优势种为菲律宾蛤(Ruditapes philippinarum)仔,优势度90%以上,2008年优势种为四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis);近年来菲律宾蛤仔大量出现,与邻近海域的大规模增殖放流活动密切相关。  相似文献   

11.
We have studied the impact of the bioturbating macrofauna, in particular the lugworm Arenicola marina and the bivalve Cerastoderma edule, on abundances and distribution patterns of total bacteria and of bacteria of selected functional groups in sandy intertidal sediments. The selected groups comprised the colourless sulphur-oxidising bacteria and the anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, which are expected to occupy small zones at the oxygen–sulphide interface in stable (non-bioturbated) sediments. The presence of a wooden wreck buried in the sediment at 10 cm depth within a large area of intertidal sand flat colonised by lugworms provided a unique opportunity to confront field observations with laboratory simulations. The site with the wooden wreck, which was used as control site, was devoid of both A. marina and C. edule, while the composition of the rest of the zoobenthic community was rather similar to that of the surrounding area. In the field, the density of total bacteria was approximately one order of magnitude higher in the control site than in the natural (bioturbated) site. This can be explained by the higher contents of silt and clay particles (higher surface-area/volume ratio) and higher total organic-carbon contents found at the control site. It appears that the presence of macrofauna affects sedimentation processes, which indirectly influence bacterial dynamics. Samples from the control site have been incubated in the laboratory with A. marina and C. edule added (bioturbated core), while an unamended core served as a control. The laboratory experiments contrasted with the field observations, because it was found that total bacteria were actually higher in the deeper layers of the bioturbated core. Moreover, the populations were more homogeneous (less stratified) and colourless sulphur bacteria were on average less numerous in the bioturbated core. In general, laboratory incubations resulted in a decrease of total bacteria with a concomitant increase of colourless and phototrophic sulphur-oxidising bacteria and thus in modifications of the bacterial community structure. Hence, our results demonstrate that care must be taken in extrapolating results from laboratory experiments (e.g. mesocosm research) to field situations.  相似文献   

12.
Seagrass seed bank plays a key role in the regeneration of new vegetation when seagrasses are removed by the natural or man-made disaster. Various factors may affect the development of sediment seed bank. We conducted a microcosm experiment to test the effects of burrowing and feeding activities of Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum on the burial of Zostera marina seeds in sediments. The effects of lasting time (3-hour, 1-day, 3-day, 7-day, 14-day and 28-day), clam density (0, 2, 4 and 8 clams with shell length of 3 cm in each microcosm) and clam size (shell length of 2, 3 and 4 cm at 4-clam density) on seed burial were examined in plastic microcosm cores (30 cm high × 10 in inner diameter) in a 28-day period. Results showed that the seed burial depth significantly increased with time, the density and the size of clams. No seeds were buried in the sediment in the cores without clams during the whole experiment period. For the 3-cm clams, about 91.61% of the seeds were buried in the sediment at the end of the experiment in the high-density treatment (8 clams at each core); while in the medium and low-density treatments (4 and 2 clams in each core, respectively), about 76.93% and 60.61% of the seeds were buried in the sediment, respectively. For the size treatments, large (4 cm) clams buried 89.56% of the seeds at the end of the experiment, much more than those of medium (3 cm, 76.93%) and small (2 cm, 61.50%) size clams. During the whole experiment period, nearly all of the buried seeds were at a depth of from 0 cm to 5 cm. These results suggested that Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum may play an important positive role in seagrass seed bank dynamics in the field.  相似文献   

13.
Methane seeps occur at depths extending to over 7000 m along the world's continental margins, but there is little information about the infaunal communities inhabiting sediments of seeps deeper than 3000 m. Biological sampling was carried out off Unimak Island (3200–3300 m) and Kodiak Island (4500 m) on the Aleutian margin, Pacific Ocean and along the Florida Escarpment (3300 m) in the Gulf of Mexico to investigate the community structure and nutrition of macrofauna at these sites. We addressed whether there are characteristic infaunal communities common to the deep‐water seeps or to the specific habitats (clam beds, pogonophoran fields, and microbial mats) studied here, and ask how these differ from background communities or from shallow‐seep settings sampled previously. We also investigated, using stable isotopic signatures, the utilization of chemosynthetically fixed and methane‐derived organic matter by macrofauna from different regions and habitats. Within seep sites, macrofaunal densities were the greatest in the Florida microbial mats (20,961 ± 11,618 ind·m−2), the lowest in the Florida pogonophoran fields (926 ± 132 ind·m−2), and intermediate in the Unimak and Kodiak seep habitats. Seep macrofaunal densities differed from those in nearby non‐seep sediments only in Florida mat habitats, where a single, abundant species of hesionid polychaete comprised 70% of the macrofauna. Annelids were the dominant taxon (>60%) at all sites and habitats except in Florida background sediments (33%) and Unimak pogonophoran fields (27%). Macrofaunal diversity (H′) was lower at the Florida than the Alaska seeps, with a trend toward reduced richness in clam bed relative to pogonophoran field or non‐seep sediments. Community composition differences between seep and non‐seep sediments were evident in each region except for the Unimak margin, but pogonophoran and clam bed macrofaunal communities did not differ from one another in Alaska. Seep δ13C and δ15N signatures were lighter for seep than non‐seep macrofauna in all regions, indicating use of chemosynthetically derived carbon. The lightest δ13C values (average of species’ means) were observed at the Florida escarpment (−42.8‰). We estimated that on average animal tissues had up to 55% methane‐derived carbon in Florida mats, 31–44% in Florida clam beds and Kodiak clam beds and pogonophoran fields, and 9–23% in Unimak seep habitats. However, some taxa such as hesionid and capitellid polychaetes exhibited tremendous intraspecific δ13C variation (>30‰) between patch types. Overall we found few characteristic communities or features common to the three deep‐water seeps (>3000 m), but common properties across habitats (mat, clam bed, pogonophorans), independent of location or water depth. In general, macrofaunal densities were lower (except at Florida microbial mats), community structure was similar, and reliance on chemosynthesis was greater than observed in shallower seeps off California and Oregon.  相似文献   

14.
Schwinghamer's (1981) habitat architecture hypothesis for body mass spectra in marine sediments predicts a single macrofauna mode in response to the bulk nature of the sediment. This proposition was examined for intertidal macrofauna from a well-studied estuarine system, using kernel density estimation to define modality and the locations of peaks and troughs. Three sedimentary environments and habitats were examined along a disturbance gradient related to eutrophication. Our results indicate that bimodality is likely to occur within the macrofauna size range, which weakens the habitat architecture model and casts doubts on the mechanisms behind other modes in benthic size spectra. The location of the modes and intervening trough were not conservative and not apparently related to sediment grain size or habitat structure, but somewhat dependent on the presence of particular species: the presence or absence of large numbers of individuals of Hydrobia ulvae and larger-bodied taxa such as Scrobicularia plana and Hediste diversicolor. Alternative competing hypotheses are explored for the observed results, including Warwick's (1984) phylogenetic explanation, but taking into consideration both species composition and disturbance impact, it seems most likely Holling's (1992) textural discontinuity hypothesis, as a measure of resilience, could be a plausible explanation.  相似文献   

15.
The fishery yield of Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, increased considerably in the 1970s but has decreased rapidly since the middle 1980s on extensive intertidal sand flats in Ariake Sound (Kyushu, Japan). A survey conducted in 2004 on a 3.4-km2 sand flat located in the central part of the Sound (Shirakawa sand flat) revealed four dominant species: two thalassinidean shrimps (Upogebia major and Nihonotrypaea japonica), which are deep-reaching burrow dwellers with strong bioturbation activities, and two bivalves (Mactra veneriformis and R. philippinarum). All four species belong to a phytoplankton (diatom)-feeding guild. In the late 1970s, the Manila clam population prevailed in high densities over the entire sand flat, whereas its distribution was restricted to the lowest quarter of the shore in 2004. In contrast, the population sizes and zones of occurrence of the other phytoplankton feeders have expanded in the absence of R. philippinarum, perhaps an indication of competitive release. After establishment, effects of the thalassinidean shrimps on sediment stability appear to have further reduced clam abundances. Across the sand flat in 2004, wet weight population biomass estimates for N. japonica, U. major, M. veneriformis, and R. philippinarum (whole body for shrimps and soft tissue for bivalves) were 304, 111, 378, and 234 tonnes, respectively. Based on Manila clam fishery yield records from Shirakawa, the carrying capacity of the Shirakawa sand flat in the late 1970s was estimated to be two times greater than the sum value for the whole phytoplankton-feeding guild in 2004. It is hypothesized that (1) the amount of phytoplankton determines the carrying capacity for the benthic community on the Shirakawa sand flat, with both phytoplankton and benthic biomass at maxima in the late 1970s, and (2) the subsequent increases in competition for space have caused further declines in the Manila clam population biomass to approximately one-eighth of its past value.  相似文献   

16.
Donax denticulatus population density and size distribution were studied in five different Puerto Rican beaches for a one year period in order to determine relationships between the densities and size distributions of the clam, and twelve different physico-chemical parameters of sediments and water. Maní beach exhibits significantly higher population densities followed by Luquillo, Esperanza and Ballenas. No clams were found in Crashboat. Luquillo and Esperanza had similar population fluctuations, having peak densities in August and January. Maní had higher densities in September and May, and Ballenas in June. The only major settlement period appeared during January at Esperanza. The bigger clams (30 mm) were found in Maní only. Higher population density and bigger clams in Maní are related to waters having high concentrations of total organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and nitrates. The clam was absent from Crashboat where very low levels of phosphates and nitrates were observed. These studies indicate relationships between water and sediment quality, and densities of D. denticulatus.  相似文献   

17.
The distribution of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, which is often dominant in intertidal zones, is influenced by both environmental and biological conditions. However, there have been few comprehensive studies on the interactive effects of these two groups of factors. The present study examined the environmental and biological parameters determining the population dynamics of the clams that is a dominant component of the intertidal communities of Euhangri and Padori on the west coast of Korean peninsula. We collected R. philippinarum and other members of the macrobenthos (> 1 mm long) monthly from 0.25 m2 quadrats deployed in the intertidal zones at Euhangri, Taean, and Padori during the period from August 2013 to January 2015. Physicochemical parameters of the water and sediment were measured at the same time. Water temperature and salinity is high and low in the summer to winter, respectively. While mean grain size of the sediment was higher at Euhangri than at Padori, total mean density of R. philippinarum was higher at Euhangri (325 ind./ 0.25 m2 at Padori vs. 194 ind./0.25 m2 at Euhangri). Settled spat (< 10 mm in length) density was much higher at Euhangri than at Padori (132 vs. 12 individuals/0.25m2, respectively). R. philippinarum spats settled down on the sediment at Euhangri in October and grew continually until the following May, when they reached adult size. Spats that settled down at Padori between March and April were not able to reach the adult stage. As the density of the adult population increased, the condition index of individual clams decreased, but as the population density of the spat increased the body condition index increased. The chlorophyll a content of the sediments at Padori exceeded that at Euhangri and decreased as the population of R. philippinarum increased. The shapes of R. philippinarum shells at Euhangri were more prolate than those at Padori, and the condition index at Euhangri exceeded that at Padori, indicating better growth conditions at Euhangri. The condition index and density of R. philippinarum were affected by the amount of chlorophyll a in the water column and in the sediment. The recruitment success of spats was negatively influenced by spat density. We suggest that regulation of habitat conditions for R. philippinarum, including the food supply, will optimize production of these commercial clams.  相似文献   

18.
Meiofauna and macrofauna communities and several sediment characteristics were compared between a slope situated far from the coast (Goban Spur) and two transects across the Iberian Margin with steep slopes and close to the shore. The northern Galician transect (off La Coruña) was situated in an area subjected to wind-induced upwelling events. The western Galician transect was also subjected to upwelling, was additionally influenced by outflows of water rich in organic matter from the Rías Bajas. This transect also included the Galicia Bank. Macrofauna density decreased exponentially from the shelf edge (154 m) to the abyssal plain (4951 m) and different communities occurred on the shelf, the upper- and lower slope and on the abyssal plain. Apart from two extremely low-density stations on the Iberian Margin, there were no significant differences in the meiofauna between the Goban Spur and the Iberian Margin. Along the La Coruña-transect a station where meiofaunal densities were low occurred at a depth of 1522 m, where the sediment was characterised by having a high median-grain size, ripple structures, a low Corg and total N content. There were relatively high numbers of macrofaunal filter-feeders but low numbers of crustaceans, indicating a high current velocity regime. On top of the Galicia Bank (˜770 m) the sediment consisted mainly of shells of pelagic foraminifers, and had low contents of Corg and N. The macrofauna was dominated by filter-feeding and carnivorous taxa. At both these stations meiofauna densities were low. Meiofauna densities and community structure differed between the Goban Spur and the Iberian Margin. Meiofauna densities on the Galician shelf were more than double those on the Goban Spur shelf. The two deep stations on the La Coruña transect and the deepest station on the Galicia Bank transect all contained meiofaunal densities that were higher than found at similar depths off the Goban Spur. The meiofaunal densities were inversely correlated with %CaCO3 content and, excluding the shelf stations, were positively correlated with both %Corg and total N at the Iberian Margin. Neither upwelling nor the enriched outflows from the rias affected the macrofauna, but meiofaunal densities were greatly enhanced.  相似文献   

19.
A comparative study between waterlogged and reflooded intertidal sediments was undertaken in March and June 1999 through statistical analysis of selected sediment parameters (biota, salinity, O2, Eh), pool sizes and benthic fluxes of nutrients (NH4+, NO2-, NO3-) and nitrification rates. In March samples, absence of polychaetes and oligochaetes from upper sediment horizons were due to erosional events sweeping away surface sediments. Presence of richer annelid assemblages in June samples indicated more stable hydrodynamic conditions that favoured the development of benthic microalgae biofilms. Dewatering of sediments during a 3-day emersion period promoted a salinity rise on top layers, migration of pore water ions towards the sediment surface, and created sediment fissures that accelerated water exchange on reflooding. Reflooded and waterlogged sediment systems were comparable with respect to the release of NH4+ to overlying water but were different with respect to nitrification rates. Sediment-water NH4+ fluxes were higher (P = 0.011) in March (3.3 mmol m(-2) day(-1) compared to June (1.4 mmol m(-2) day(-1) due to higher macrofauna biomasses and lower benthic microalgae concentrations in March samples. Potential nitrification rates (range from 19 to 60 mmol NO3- (-2) day(-1)) were not statistically different between March and June. A thinner oxic layer in reflooded compared with waterlogged systems reflects a decrease of O2 diffusion into sediment at high salinities which resulted in the fall of the actual nitrification rates (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that long term dessication of intertidal sediments may depress the nitrification process at the ecosystem level.  相似文献   

20.
为研究钦州湾大型底栖动物的生态特征,探讨影响大型底栖动物分布的主要因素,于2011年5月在钦州湾进行大型底栖动物调查,并同步采集沉积物样品,进行理化性质分析。使用Surfer软件绘制各群落特征指数的平面分布图,用SPSS软件分析群落特征指数与沉积物环境因子之间的关联性。共采集到大型底栖动物种类55种。平均生物量为105.48 g/m2,平均密度为50ind/m2。香农-维纳指数(H')、种类均匀度指数(J')和丰富度指数(D)的平均值分别为1.44,0.63和0.64。群落特征指数与沉积物环境因子之间的相关性分析结果显示,密度与Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Hg以及有机碳呈显著负相关;种类数与所分析的10项沉积物环境因子之间均呈显著负相关;均匀度指数与Hg和有机碳呈显著负相关;丰富度指数与硫化物呈显著负相关;生物量和香农-威纳指数与沉积物各环境因子之间均没有显著的相关性。  相似文献   

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