共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
科罗拉多落基山脉山体效应定量化研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《地理研究》2017,(8)
落基山脉作为北美最大的内陆山地,其山体效应对林线分布具有很大影响,导致林线海拔远高于周围内陆山体及其他海岸山地。然而,以往落基山脉山体效应研究多集中于定性研究,但是山体效应如何量化,如何根据落基山脉的地形气候条件构建区域山体效应的定量化模型,目前鲜有研究。通过分析台站处山体增温及量化落基山脉山体效应的影响因子,并计算最热月均温10℃等温线的海拔高度,来定量化地估算科罗拉多落基山脉山体效应值大小及其对林线分布的影响。结果表明:(1)用山体增温值表示山体效应大小是合理且比较理想的指标。科罗拉多落基山脉增温显著,所有台站的增温均值为2.07℃,增温幅度为0.78~4.29℃。(2)科罗拉多落基山脉山体效应的主要影响因素为山体基面高度和降水大陆度,二者与山体增温构建的线性拟合模型具有较高的解释能力,判定系数高达71.2%。(3)科罗拉多落基山脉不同纬度带山体内外最热月10℃等温线分布高度对比表明,山体内部理想林线高度均高于山体外部的理想林线分布,内外分布差异为400~700 m。定量分析科罗拉多落基山脉的山体效应模型,优化了区域尺度的山体效应模型精度,有助于深入认识山体效应及其对垂直带分布的影响。 相似文献
8.
《山地学报》2016,(3)
条形孤立山体、单薄山脊地质环境较为脆弱,极易形成高陡临空的陡崖带,进而形成危岩单体。现行的规范、专著中对危岩体的勘查及评价方法较多,但对条形孤立单薄山体及陡崖带的勘查及稳定性评价方法较少。以重庆市万盛经济开发区刀子岩为地质原型,对其赋存的地质环境条件、坡体结构特征、溶蚀发育特征及陡崖带下方堆积状况进行分析的基础上,采用以今推古的地质分析方法,得出该类山体的历史演化机制、岩体变形的地质力学模式,再现了该类山体在历史时期内的地质活动过程;最后提出刀子岩陡崖带勘查建议。对刀子岩陡崖带下方规划区的安全具有重要的工程指导意义,同时为同类山体的分析及评价提供一定的参考。 相似文献
9.
10.
中国科学院新疆地理研究所著的《天山山体演化》一书,己由科学出版社于1986年9月正式出版发行,全国各地新华书店经售。《天山山体演化》一书是中国科学院新疆地理研究所多年研究成果的总结,也是我国研究天山的第一本专著。全书共分八章,总计约28万字。本书是全面而详尽地论述天山山体演化的一书专著,它将天山的发展历史明确地分为三 相似文献
11.
秦岭太白山气温直减率时空差异性研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
在评估山地生态系统对气候变化响应的过程中,作为气温要素的重要输入参数,气温直减率（γ）的精确性直接影响到相关科研工作的真实性和可靠性。本文基于秦岭主峰太白山（3771.2 m）11个分布于南北坡和不同海拔的标准气象站点2013-2015年连续3年实测日均温资料和25 m×25 m空间分辨率的DEM数据,研究了太白山气温直减率在不同时间尺度上的变化规律及不同坡向上的空间分布特征。结果表明：① 2013-2015年太白山年均γ北坡均大于南坡,北坡为0.513 ℃/100m,南坡为0.499 ℃/100m;北坡年均γ随海拔变化表现出一定的差异性,而南坡相对稳定。② 年内γ在不同时间尺度上均存在明显差异,且南北坡变化趋势不一致。在季尺度上,γ最大值北坡为夏季,为0.619 ℃/100m,而南坡最大出现在春季,为0.546 ℃/100m,最小值均为冬季,南北坡分别为0.449 ℃/100m和0.390 ℃/100m;春季和夏季,北坡γ均大于南坡,而冬季相反,北坡小于南坡,秋季几乎无差异。在月尺度上,气温相对高的月份γ亦较高,北坡γ变化幅度大于南坡;年始和年末（11-12月、1-2月）北坡γ小于南坡,而5-9月北坡大于南坡,且南北坡γ相差较大。③ 经数据可信度分析,所获得的γ可较为客观地反映太白山气温随海拔变化的规律性,将为山地气温空间分布规律及其生态系统响应等定量研究提供理论基础。 相似文献
12.
喜马拉雅山脉中段的珠穆朗玛峰等地,海拔高差巨大、生境复杂多变、土地覆被类型多样且植被垂直带谱完整,是全球范围内研究土地覆被垂直变化的理想场所。本文基于30 m空间分辨率的土地覆被数据（2010年）和DEM数据,在ArcGIS和Matlab平台的支持下,提出并运用脊线法、样带法和扇区法3种山地南北坡划分方法,研究了喜马拉雅山土地覆被垂直分布与结构差异。结果表明：① 山地土地覆被分布具有明确的垂直地带性结构特征,喜马拉雅中部土地覆被垂直带谱为南六北四式,土地覆被垂直带谱中具有人类活动的特点。② 南北坡之间的土地覆被垂直带谱差异明显,南坡土地覆被类型完整多样,北坡相对简单;对同类型土地覆被而言,南坡较北坡分布高程低、幅度宽。③ 依据各类型分布面积比随海拔变化情况,土地覆被类型在南北坡上的垂直分布可分为4种模式：冰川雪被、稀疏植被和草地为单峰分布型,裸地为南单峰北双峰分布型。④ 3种划分方法中,南坡的土地覆被垂直带结构具有相似性,而北坡的土地覆被垂直带结构存在差异,扇区法较好地反映了土地覆被自然分布格局。 相似文献
13.
兰州市南北两山水热条件对侧柏根系分布的影响 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
根系是植物与外界环境进行物质和能量交换的主要场所之一,其分布特征反映了植物对环境的利用程度和适应性。试验采用土钻法研究了兰州地区的主要造林树种——侧柏的根系分布特性。结果表明：不同立地条件对侧柏根系分布特征有显著影响。阴坡根系分布比阳坡深,根系生长量比阳坡大,灌溉区根系分布比无灌溉区深;在无灌溉条件下向阳立地的根系集中分布在20～30 cm土层,向阴立地的根系集中分布在10～30 cm土层;在灌溉条件下向阳立地的根系集中分布在10～40 cm土层,向阴立地的根系集中分布在20～50 cm土层;向阳立地根系生长以Φ<1 mm为主,占所有根量的61.5％。向阴立地根系生长主要以Φ≥3 mm为主,占所有根量的68.5％。 相似文献
14.
Snow accumulation is responsible for geomorphic and biogeographic processes taking place in the southern sector of the Peñalara massif in central Spain (40°51′N, 3°57′W; max. altitude 2428 m at Pico de Peñalara). This work compares the intensity of nivation on the eastern slope, leeward of the prevailing westerly winds and heavily eroded by glacial activity during the Pleistocene, to that of the western slope on the windward side, unaffected by glacial erosion and completely covered by a thick weathering mantle. On the eastern slope, nivation is effective only where the weathering mantle is exposed or on morainic formations. It does not occur on the landforms derived from glacial erosion. In contrast, the western side shows almost no evidence of snow action except where catastrophic mass movements have altered the regularity of the slope. During the post-glacial epoch, nivation cirques formed in the scars left by mass wasting. In the last 30 years, spring temperatures have increased and this activity has diminished. The pattern of evolution observed at Peñalara can be extrapolated to other Mediterranean mountains with similar characteristics such as marginal glacial activity during the Pleistocene, unconsolidated formations on the summits caused by chemical weathering, and dry, hot summers that can increase the effectiveness of nivation. 相似文献
15.
秦岭陕西段南北坡植被对干湿变化响应敏感性及空间差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
秦岭位于暖温带与亚热带交界处,也是中国南北地理分界线,秦岭南北坡植被对干湿变化响应敏感性,可以折射出暖温带、亚热带地区主要植被类型对干湿变化的响应规律和机制特征,对深入理解不同气候带植被变化规律具有重要意义。本文利用秦岭山地32个气象站点的气象数据和MODIS NDVI时间序列数据集,探讨了2000—2018年秦岭南北坡NDVI和SPEI时空变化特征,揭示了南北坡植被对干湿变化响应敏感性及其空间差异。结果表明：① 2000—2018年秦岭植被覆盖情况整体显著改善,但秦岭南坡NDVI上升幅度和面积占比均高于北坡,南坡植被比北坡改善情况好。秦岭湿润化趋势不显著,但秦岭北坡湿润化速率和面积占比均大于南坡。② 秦岭北坡植被比南坡植被更易受干湿变化影响,秦岭北坡植被对3—6月总体干湿变化最为敏感,南坡植被对3—5月（春季）干湿变化最为敏感。秦岭南北坡植被主要受3~7个月尺度干湿变化影响,对11~12个月尺度的干湿变化响应较弱。③ 秦岭有90.34%的区域NDVI与SPEI呈正相关,大部分地区春季湿润化能促进全年植被生长;随海拔上升,植被对干湿变化响应敏感性先上升再下降,海拔800~1200 m是植被响应最敏感的海拔段,海拔1200~3000 m随海拔上升植被响应敏感性下降;南北坡草丛均是对干湿变化响应最为敏感的植被类型,但秦岭北坡多数植被类型对干湿变化响应比南坡敏感。 相似文献
16.
The Qinling Mountains, located at the junction of warm temperate and subtropical zones, serve as the boundary between north and south China. Exploring the sensitivity of the response of vegetation there to hydrothermal dynamics elucidates the dynamics and mechanisms of the main vegetation types in the context of changes in temperature and moisture. Importance should be attached to changes in vegetation in different climate zones. To reveal the sensitivity and areal differentiation of vegetation responses to hydrothermal dynamics, the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the normalized vegetation index(NDVI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) on the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains from 2000 to 2018 are explored using the meteorological data of 32 meteorological stations and the MODIS NDVI datasets. The results show that: 1) The overall vegetation coverage of the Qinling Mountains improved significantly from 2000 to 2018. The NDVI rise rate and area ratio on the southern slope were higher than those on the northern slope, and the vegetation on the southern slope improved more than that on the northern slope. The Qinling Mountains showed an insignificant humidification trend. The humidification rate and humidification area of the northern slope were greater than those on the southern slope. 2) Vegetation on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains was more sensitive to hydrothermal dynamics than that on the southern slope. Vegetation was most sensitive to hydrothermal dynamics from March to June on the northern slope, and from March to May(spring) on the southern slope. The vegetation on the northern and southern slopes was mainly affected by hydrothermal dynamics on a scale of 3–7 months, responding weakly to hydrothermal dynamics on a scale of 11–12 months. 3) Some 90.34% of NDVI and SPEI was positively correlated in the Qinling Mountains. Spring humidification in most parts of the study area promoted the growth of vegetation all the year round. The sensitivity of vegetation responses to hydrothermal dynamics with increasing altitude increased first and then decreased. Elevations of 800 to 1200 m were the most sensitive range for vegetation response to hydrothermal dynamics. The sensitivity of the vegetation response at elevations of 1200–3000 m decreased with increasing altitude. As regards to vegetation type, grass was most sensitive to hydrothermal dynamics on both the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains; but most other vegetation types on the northern slope were more sensitive to hydrothermal dynamics than those on the southern slope. 相似文献
17.
1960-2013年秦岭陕西段南北坡极端气温变化空间差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作为气候变化研究的重要内容,极端气温研究对生态环境保护和灾害事件预警具有重要意义。根据1960-2013年秦岭32个气象站点的逐日气温资料,采用RClimDex软件、克里格插值法、线性倾向估计法和相关性分析法,研究秦岭山地陕西段（简称秦岭）气温的空间分布特点,以及极端气温的空间变化特征。结果表明：① 1960-2013年秦岭年平均气温、年最高气温和年最低气温分别为10.48 ℃、16.44 ℃和6.18 ℃;秦岭北坡气温在低海拔区高于南坡,在中、高海拔区低于南坡;南北坡的气温差值在低海拔区域最小,中海拔区域最大。② 秦岭极端气温的频率、强度和持续时间均表现为增加趋势,极端气温变化的敏感区域位于南坡的镇安、柞水和北坡的周至、户县。③ 秦岭北坡极端气温频率的变化更明显,秦岭南坡极端气温强度和持续时间的变化更明显;且北坡的增温主要发生在夜间,南坡的增温主要发生在白昼。④ 秦岭极端气温的变暖速率随海拔升高而增大,高海拔区域极端气温频率和强度的变化最明显,中海拔区域极端气温持续时间的变化最明显。 相似文献
18.
Vertical differentiation of land cover in the central Himalayas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Characterized by obvious altitudinal variation, habitat complexity, and diversity in land cover, the Mt. Qomolangma region within the central Himalayas is one of the most sensitive areas to climate change in the world. At the same time, because the Mt. Qomolangma region possesses the most complete natural vertical spectrum in the world, it is also an ideal place to study the vertical structure of alpine land cover. In this study, land cover data for 2010 along with digital elevation model data were used to define three methods for dividing the northern and southern slopes in the Mt. Qomolangma region, i.e., the ridgeline method, the sample transect method, and the sector method. The altitudinal distributions of different land cover types were then investigated for both the northern and southern slopes of the Mt. Qomolangma region by using the above three division methods along with Arc GIS and MATLAB tools. The results indicate that the land cover in the study region was characterized by obviously vertical zonation with the south-six and north-four pattern of vertical spectrum that reflected both the natural vertical structure of vegetation and the effects of human activities. From low to high elevation, the main land cover types were forests, grasslands, sparse vegetation, bare land, and glacier/snow cover. The compositions and distributions of land cover types differed significantly between the northern and southern slopes; the southern slope exhibited more complex land cover distributions with wider elevation ranges than the northern slope. The area proportion of each land cover type also varied with elevation. Accordingly, the vertical distribution patterns of different land cover types on the southern and northern slopes could be divided into four categories, with glaciers/snow cover, sparse vegetation, and grasslands conforming to unimodal distributions. The distribution of bare land followed a unimodal pattern on the southern slope but a bimodal pattern on the northern slope. Finally, the use of different slope division methods produced similar vertical belt structures on the southern slope but different ones on the northern slope. Among the three division methods, the sector method was better to reflect the natural distribution pattern of land cover. 相似文献
19.
Stefan Grab 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1999,81(1):1-16
Past evaluation of high altitude slope development in Lesotho, southern Africa, is largely based on hypothetical or macro-scale geomorphic approaches. Consequently, the information pertaining to high altitude southern African Quaternary slope environments has remained rather rudimentary. The present study describes the morphology and discusses the likely palaeogeomorphic processes of blockstreams and debris deposits on the Popple Peak and Njesuthi-Mafadi south-facing-slopes in the Drakensberg. The geomorphic evidence provides much needed information to help improve the understanding of south-facing slope processes during past colder periods. A model for high altitude Drakensberg south facing slopes is presented and used to challenge and expand on recent models and ideas on southern African valley asymmetry. It is found that solifluction and debris flows/avalanches were operative on south-facing slopes during past cold periods and thereby contributed to past slope development at some high altitude sites in Lesotho. However, the geomorphological observations do not support the valley asymmetry hypothesis and it is suggested that greater caution be exercised in valley-form interpretations, particularly where geomorphological ground-truthing has been absent. 相似文献
20.
本文从天山冰川数量，冰储量、类型以及分布特征等方面系统地分析了天山冰川的资源及其分布规律，为经济建设提供可靠的山地水资源论据。 相似文献