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1.
Risk management study on impulse waves generated by Hongyanzi landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir of China on June 24, 2015 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
On June 24, 2015, Hongyanzi slope located in Wushan County of the Three Gorges Reservoir collapsed, generating 5–6-m-high impulse waves, which overturned 13 boats, killed 2 persons, and injured 4 persons. It is the second incident of landslide-generated impulse waves since the 175-m experimental impoundment in 2008. The emergency investigation shows that Hongyanzi landslide is a bedding soil landslide with a volume of 23?×?104 m3 induced by a series of triggering factors such as rainfall, flooding upstream, and reservoir drawdown. The nonlinear Boussinesq water wave model is used to reproduce the impulse waves generated by the landslide of June 24th. The numerical simulation results suggest that the wave propagation process was influenced by the T-shaped geomorphic conditions of river valley, and the coastal areas in the county seat were the major wave-affected areas, which is opposite to the landslide. The numerical wave process accord well with the observed incident, and the investigation values were in good agreement with the calculated values. Moreover, the worst-case scenario of the 7?×?104 m3 deformation mass beside Hongyanzi landslide is potential to generate impulse waves, which was predicted with the same numerical model. This adjacent deformation mass will probably generate impulse waves with maximum height and run-up of 2.2 and 2.0 m, respectively, and only a very few areas in the water course had waves rising to a height of 1 m or above. The research results provide a technical basis for emergency disposal to Hongyanzi landslide and navigation restriction in Wushan waterway. More importantly, it pushes the risk management of the navigation based on the impulse wave generated by landslide. It is advised that the Three Gorges Reservoir and other reservoirs around the world should put more efforts in performing special surveys and studies on the potential hazards associated with landslide-generated impulse waves. 相似文献
2.
滑坡除直接成灾外,还会产生次生灾害,滑坡体落入江河中,可形成巨大涌浪,造成较大的危害。涌浪高度除受滑速、失稳体积、水深等重要因素的影响外,波浪的形成还要受水库地形、库面宽度、滑坡入库过程的持续时间以及滑坡体的宽度等因素的影响,尤其在峡谷地区更为显著,且波浪在传播过程中,还受到河谷两岸的阻碍、往返的折射以及波群的相互干扰或迭加等影响。以藕塘滑坡为例,在滑波局部失稳情况下采用潘家铮涌浪算法,计算和预测滑体冲入库区后的滑速和造成的涌浪高度,并且考虑了地震作用和滑坡前缘泡在水中所产生的阻力。 相似文献
3.
Numerical modeling of the June 24, 2015, Hongyanzi landslide generated impulse waves in Three Gorges Reservoir,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Subaerial landslides falling into confined water bodies often generate impulsive waves. Damaging landslide tsunamis in Three Gorges Reservoir, China, have struck several times in the last 15 years. On June 24, 2015, a 23?×?104 m3 slope failure occurred on the east bank of the Daning River opposite Wushan Town. The sliding mass intruded into the Three Gorges Reservoir and initiated a reservoir tsunami that resulted in two deaths and significant damage to shipping facilities. A post-event survey revealed the landslide geometry and wave run-up distribution, while an eyewitness video captured most of the landslide motion. Employing these firm constraints, we applied the Tsunami Squares method to simulate the 2015 Hongyanzi landslide and tsunami. The simulation revealed that the landslide experienced a progressive failure in the first few seconds and impacted the water with a maximum velocity of ~?16 m/s. The initial wave propagated to the opposite shore in an arch shape, and the water surface reached a maximum amplitude of ~?11 m near the landslide. Wave amplitude-time curves at four points on the river cross section show that the initial wave reached Wushan town in about 50 s with an average wave velocity of ~?30 m/s. The maximum wave run-ups on the shoreline opposite the landslide are around 6 m and attenuate to less than 1 m beyond 2-km distance. The landslide simulation matches the observed geological profile and the eyewitness video, and the numerical results coincide with the observed wave run-up heights. Nearly 80% of landslide energy is lost due to frictional resistances, but the remaining fraction imparted to the tsunami carried catastrophic consequences to a large region. The numerical results emphasize the efficiency and accuracy of Tsunami Squares method for a “Quick Look” simulation of a potential landslide. 相似文献
4.
A rigorous finite volume model to simulate subaerial and submarine landslide-generated waves 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
This paper presents a new landslide-generated wave (LGW) model based on incompressible Euler equations with Savage-Hutter assumptions. A two-layer model is developed including a layer of granular-type flow beneath a layer of an inviscid fluid. Landslide is modeled as a two-phase Coulomb mixture. A well-balanced second-order finite volume formulation is applied to solve the model equations. Wet/dry transitions are treated properly using a modified non-linear method. The numerical model is validated using two sets of experimental data on subaerial and submarine LGWs. Impulsive wave characteristics and landslide deformations are estimated with a computational error less than 5 %. Then, the model is applied to investigate the effects of landslide deformations on water surface fluctuations in comparison with a simpler model considering a rigid landslide. The model results confirm the importance of both rheological behavior and two-phase nature of landslide in proper estimation of generated wave properties and formation patterns. Rigid slide modeling often overestimates the characteristics of induced waves. With a proper rheological model for landslide, the numerical prediction of LGWs gets more than 30 % closer to experimental measurements. Single-phase landslide results in relative errors up to about 30 % for maximum positive and about 70 % for maximum negative wave amplitudes. Two-phase constitutive structure of landslide has also strong effects on landslide deformations, velocities, elongations, and traveling distances. The complex behaviors of landslide and LGW of the experimental data are analyzed and described with the aid of the robust and accurate finite volume model. This can provide benchmark data for testing other numerical methods and models. 相似文献
5.
Instability of bank slopes and their failures in reservoirs have become an increasing concern in evaluating potential hazards of hydraulic projects in China as larger hydropower engineering projects have been in operation in the past decade. To provide a quantitative evaluation of such hazards, an evaluation framework has been presented to analyze bank slope stability, identify potential slope failure bed surfaces, and evaluate wave impacts of landslide-induced surges in reservoirs. In this joint analysis framework, reservoir bank slope instability and potential failure surfaces are determined with TFINE model, a nonlinear Finite Element Method (FEM) program using Deformation Reinforcement Theory; the motion of slope failures and resulting surge waves in reservoirs and potential flooding are simulated with COMCOT tsunami simulation package. The work flow and feasibility of this analysis framework are demonstrated through a case study of Guopu slope in Laxiwa reservoir in Southwest China. Three potential failures of Guopu slope are identified through stability analysis and the modeling results of indicate that the potential landslide failures would generate waves with maximum amplitude of 20.9 m in the reservoir, but unlikely causing significant damage to the dam. 相似文献
6.
众所周知,库水位变化和降雨复合动力往往是水库型滑坡的变形和破坏主因。本文在系统分析水库型边坡位移、库水位及降雨变化规律基础上,提出与确定了降雨与库水动力转换系数k的计算方法,并通过转换系数k将降雨动力与库水动力这两种不同的水动力增载效应进行了有机耦合叠加,建立了复合水动力增载参数的计算方法。并将复合水动力变化量及其位移变化量作为动力增载及其响应参数,建立了水库型滑坡复合水动力增载位移响应比物理预测参数与模型。同时,运用该模型对白水河滑坡复合水动力作用下的稳定性演化规律进行了系统分析与评价,结果表明该滑坡复合水动力增载位移响应比的变化规律与其稳定性动态演化规律相吻合,表明复合水动力增载位移响应比参数是一种水库型滑坡有效的物理评价参数,可运用该物理评价参数与预测模型对该类滑坡稳定性进行分析与评价。 相似文献
7.
三峡水库自2003年开始蓄水以来, 库岸滑坡变形明显加剧, 滑坡变形不仅造成建筑物破坏, 高速滑坡滑入水库还会产生很大的涌浪, 其潜在的危害性远远超过滑坡本身.2003年7月13日发生在三峡库区的千将坪滑坡就是由水库蓄水诱发所致, 滑坡最高涌浪达到39 m, 在水库传播达30 km之远, 涌浪造成了人员伤亡与财产损失.为了更好地研究水库滑坡涌浪特征和传播规律, 以三峡库区重大科研项目为依托, 采用室内大型物理模拟实验手段, 对三峡库区滑坡涌浪开展了深入研究.通过对三峡库区已经开展勘探的潜在滑坡的地质资料进行统计分析, 按照正交试验设计方法, 制定了包含滑坡规模、入水速度、滑动面倾角、水深、岸坡坡角等综合影响因素的试验方案, 以三峡库区白水河滑坡上下游河道为原型, 建立了1∶200比例尺的河道物理模型, 采用试验控制系统、试验量测系统开展了滑坡涌浪三维物理模型试验.通过细致的物理模型实验, 得到了不同试验条件下的三峡库区滑坡涌浪物理模型实验观测数据.分析滑坡涌浪形态变化, 明确了滑坡最大首浪的含义.在此基础上, 以国内外经典的Noda和潘家铮提出的滑坡涌浪公式为基础, 基于试验量测数据, 提出了三峡库区滑坡涌浪计算公式.最后以三峡库区正在变形的白水河滑坡为例进行了滑坡涌浪预测研究, 预测了滑坡最大首浪高度和沿水库传播的涌浪衰减规律. 相似文献
8.
为研究地震作用下微型桩群桩支护均质土滑坡的地震动力响应特性,依托大型振动台,设计完成几何相似比为8:1（原型:模型）的物理试验模型。试验以El Centro波、汶川波、Kobe波以及不同频率的正弦波为激励波,研究地震动力作用下微型桩群桩的破坏模式、加桩后土质滑坡的加速度响应规律等。试验结果表明:（1）地震激励后微型桩的破坏模式与静力情况类似,呈反"S"型变形,弯曲破坏范围主要分布在滑面上1.4~4倍桩径内和滑面下1.4~3.4倍桩径内。（2）不同频谱特性的地震波激励时,滑坡加速度响应不同。激励频率越靠近滑坡自振频率,其加速度响应越强烈。微型桩群桩支护滑坡的加速度响应具有高程放大效应,且激励频率越靠近坡体自振频率,其高程放大效应越显著。（3）微型桩群桩支护结构对地震波有一定的阻滞作用,支护部位（尤其是坡脚）坡面的加速度响应明显弱于坡内,可限制坡表效应,但伴随坡高的增大,这种阻滞作用趋于减弱,无支护部位的上部坡体仍会出现坡表效应。 相似文献
9.
Pengfei Si Jordan Aaron Scott McDougall Ji Lu Xiping Yu Nicholas J. Roberts John J. Clague 《Landslides》2018,15(4):711-726
This paper proposes and demonstrates a two-layer depth-averaged model with non-hydrostatic pressure correction to simulate landslide-generated waves. Landslide (lower layer) and water (upper layer) motions are governed by the general shallow water equations derived from mass and momentum conservation laws. The landslide motion and wave generation/propagation are separately formulated, but they form a coupled system. Our model combines some features of the landslide analysis model DAN3D and the tsunami analysis model COMCOT and adds a non-hydrostatic pressure correction. We use the new model to simulate a 2007 rock avalanche-generated wave event at Chehalis Lake, British Columbia, Canada. The model results match both the observed distribution of the rock avalanche deposit in the lake and the wave run-up trimline along the shoreline. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate the importance of accounting for the non-hydrostatic dynamic pressure at the landslide-water interface, as well as the influence of the internal strength of the landslide on the size of the generated waves. Finally, we compare the numerical results of landslide-generated waves simulated with frictional and Voellmy rheologies. Similar maximum wave run-ups can be obtained using the two different rheologies, but the frictional model better reproduces the known limit of the rock avalanche deposit and is thus considered to yield the best overall results in this particular case. 相似文献
10.
A physical similarity model of an impulsive wave generated by Gongjiafang landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir,China 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Bolin Huang Yueping Yin Shichang Wang Xiaoting Chen Guanglin Liu Zhibing Jiang Junzhe Liu 《Landslides》2014,11(3):513-525
Landslide-related impulse waves are catastrophic but accidental, so limited data on field measurements are available; scaled physical experiment is therefore a functional method to simulate and analyze this phenomenon. A large-scale physical Froude-similar model to produce impulse waves was constructed based on the Chinese Gongjiafang landslide, which occurred on the main stream of Three Gorges after the impounding in the reservoir in China. With a scale of 1:200, the model had the dimensions of 24, 8, and 1.3 m. Four water levels, 145, 156, 172.8, and 175 m, were modeled for the experiments, and marble coarse sands were used to imitate the actual cataclastic rock mass. Wave height gauges, high-speed cameras, and run-up measuring instruments were used to monitor wave fluctuations in the model. Among the experiments, the ones modeled using a water level of 172.8 m best confirmed the actual conditions in the Gongjiafang landslide, representing a good validation of the experiments. This study obtained, for the first time, specific data on the reproduced impulse waves’ convergence and superposition during propagation, and of the energy change between impulse waves and reflected waves. The test data describe a rapid decaying and gradual decaying rule for the wave heights and run-ups. The Froude-similar experiments presented in this article help us to understand the whole procedure of impulsive wave generated by cataclastic rock mass failure, and the results acquired contribute to studies of impulse waves caused by similar bank destabilizations worldwide. 相似文献
11.
This paper examines hydrodynamic pressure diagrams due to earthquakes acting on distinct configurations of the upstream face of a dam, considering the reservoir length and different bathymetries of the reservoir bottom. Two suitable mathematical models are used to obtain the dynamic pressure on the dam, and the reservoir free surface oscillation. Conceptual mathematical models are proposed to study the impact of a landslide triggered by an earthquake, and its progress into the reservoir. The waves formed when a landslide advances into the reservoir are tested with the help of laboratory results. These waves and their propagation in the reservoir are studied using experimental data and numerical results, including wave-type analyses based on dimensionless parameters. Two distinct 1DH and 2DV numerical models based on different mathematical formulations are tested. A discussion of physical and numerical results is detailed in a general risk context and uncertainty associated with the input data in a deterministic model. Numerical simulations are performed for the upper and lower limits of the sliding mass velocity diagram which is obtained as a result of the intrinsic uncertainty of the stochastic nature of the friction angle. Finally, the findings are discussed and some conclusions drawn. 相似文献
12.
水库库岸滑坡的运动过程分析及初始涌浪计算 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
从地面运动和水下运动2个阶段对水库库岸滑坡的受力特征进行了分析, 用牛顿定律和运动学基本原理求解滑坡地面运动的加速度和速度, 且把地面运动的末状态作为水下运动的初始状态, 用流场阻力公式和粘滞力公式求解滑坡水下运动的时间与速度, 并运用动量定理对其初始涌浪高度进行了计算.以三峡库区新滩滑坡为例, 采用条分方法, 计算出各条块入水速度、水下运动的时间及其激起的涌浪高度值, 得出了地面运动过程中滑坡速度值先增后减及水下运动过程中滑坡速度与时间呈反正切型关系的规律, 并认为涌浪高度变化与条块的高度变化具有较强的关联性. 相似文献
13.
An unstable rock slump, estimated at 5 to 10 × 106 m3, lies perched above the northern shore of Tidal Inlet in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. This landslide mass has the potential
to rapidly move into Tidal Inlet and generate large, long-period-impulse tsunami waves. Field and photographic examination
revealed that the landslide moved between 1892 and 1919 after the retreat of the Little Ice Age glaciers from Tidal Inlet
in 1890. Global positioning system measurements over a 2-year period show that the perched mass is presently moving at 3–4 cm
annually indicating the landslide remains unstable. Numerical simulations of landslide-generated waves suggest that in the
western arm of Glacier Bay, wave amplitudes would be greatest near the mouth of Tidal Inlet and slightly decrease with water
depth according to Green’s law. As a function of time, wave amplitude would be greatest within approximately 40 min of the
landslide entering water, with significant wave activity continuing for potentially several hours. 相似文献
14.
滑坡涌浪是一个涉及滑坡动力学、岩土力学及流体力学等多学科的问题,也是一个复杂的流-固耦合问题。特别是随着大规模水电工程建设的推进,库岸滑坡的涌浪问题成为评价库区滑坡灾害效应的一个重要因素。耦合的欧拉与拉格朗日算法(CEL)在解决复杂流体-固体之间的相互作用时有强大的优势。本文根据前人所做的室内模型试验成果为基础,采用CEL算法进行了模拟和分析,结果表明CEL算法分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,证明了其在滑坡涌浪问题分析的可行性和可靠性。 相似文献
15.
The August 27, 2014, rock avalanche and related impulse water waves in Fuquan,Guizhou, China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
At about 8:30 p.m. on 27 August 2014, a catastrophic rock avalanche suddenly occurred in Fuquan, Yunnan, southwestern China. This landslide and related impulse water waves destroyed two villages and killed 23 persons. The impulse waves occurred after initiation of the landslide, caused by the main part of the slide mass rapidly plunging into a water-filled quarry below the source area. The wave, comprising muddy water and rock debris, impacted the opposite slope of the quarry on the western side of the runout path and washed away three homes in Xinwan village. Part of the displaced material traveled a horizontal distance of about 40 m from its source and destroyed the village of Xiaoba. To provide information for potential landslide hazard zonation in this area, a combined landslide–wave simulation was undertaken. A dynamic landslide analysis (DAN-W) model is used to simulate the landslide propagation before entering the quarry, while Fluent (Ansys Inc., USA) is used to simulate the impulse wave generation and propagation. Output data from the DAN-W simulation are used as input parameters for wave modeling, and there is good agreement between the observed and simulated results of the landslide propagation. Notably, the locations affected by recordable waves according to the simulation correspond to those recorded by field investigation. 相似文献
16.
17.
水库滑坡涌浪传播有限元数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
库岸滑坡涌浪危害巨大,正确预测库区可能的滑坡涌浪非常重要,是工程可行性论证的重要内容之一。将浅水控制方程应用于滑坡涌浪数值模拟,控制方程采用简便且具有较高精度的两步Taylor-Galerkin方法进行求解。通过算例对数值模型的应用进行验证,结果表明,涌浪产生后将以入水点为源点迅速向四周推进并不断衰减,且随传播距离的增加浪高降幅逐渐减小。计算的涌浪高度及水位变化规律与实测资料吻合得很好,并将滑坡涌浪的沿程传播过程可视化。研究结果表明,文中方法模拟滑坡涌浪传播是有效可行的,可用于滑坡涌浪灾害的预测和防治。 相似文献
18.
Analysis of waves generated by Gongjiafang landslide in Wu Gorge, three Gorges reservoir, on November 23, 2008 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Bolin Huang Yueping Yin Guangning Liu Shichang Wang Xiaoting Chen Zhitao Huo 《Landslides》2012,9(3):395-405
At 4:40p.m. on November 23, 2008, the Gongjiafang slope collapsed on the north bank of Yangtze River in Wu Gorge of Three Gorges Reservoir. The 380,000-m3 sliding mass consisted mainly of cataclastic rock. A video record of the major sliding incident was analyzed using the general laws of physical motion. The analysis indicated that the maximum speed and maximum acceleration of the sliding mass were 11.65?m/s and 2.23?m/s2, respectively, and that the maximum amplitude and the propagation velocity of the water wave near the landslide were 31.8?m and 18.36?m/s, respectively. Wave run-up investigation indicated that the maximum run-up on shore was 13.1?m, which declined to 1.1?m at Wushan dock 4?km away. The incident causes no casualties, but did result in economic losses of RMB five million. The numerical simulation model GEOWAVE was used to simulate and reproduced the impulse wave generated by the landslide; the results were in good agreement with the observed incident. The numerical simulation data were then applied to analyze the decay and amplification effects of the landslide wave in the river course. The field investigations and witness information provide valuable materials for the studies of landslide kinematics and impulse waves generated by landslides. In addition, the research results provide a useful reference for future similar waves generated by landslides in reservoirs. 相似文献
19.
单体库岸滑坡及其次生涌浪灾害风险分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水库滑坡次生涌浪灾害是库水运营过程中重要的灾害类型,开展滑坡及其次生涌浪灾害风险分析,能够合理确定并评价滑坡及其次生涌浪灾害对生命及财产的影响程度,从而为采取经济有效的减灾应急措施提供理论依据和技术支持.以三峡库区万州区塘角1号滑坡为例,探讨不同库水位降雨组合工况下,考虑空间差异性的单体滑坡危险性分析方法;确定滑坡次生涌浪灾害影响范围;完善滑坡及其次生涌浪灾害承灾体易损性评价方法;绘制最危险工况下塘角1号滑坡及其次生涌浪灾害经济风险和人口风险分布图,得出:塘角1号滑坡最危险工况为库水位175~145 m+3日100 mm降雨.在该工况下,塘角1号滑坡及其次生灾害总经济风险为2 239万元;坡体上室内人口总风险为0.55人.研究成果以期为指导该类滑坡减灾防灾提供思路和依据. 相似文献