共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Landslides are recurring phenomena causing damages to private property, public facilities, and human lives. The need for an affordable instrumentation that can be used to provide an early warning of slope instability to enable the evacuation of vulnerable people, and timely repair and maintenance of critical infrastructure is self-evident. A new emerging technique that correlates soil moisture changes and deformations in slope surface by means of elastic wave propagation in soil was developed. This approach quantifies elastic wave propagation as wave velocity. To verify its applicability, a series of fixed and varied slope model tests, as well as a large scale model test, were conducted. Analysis of the results has established that the elastic wave velocity continuously decreases in response of moisture content and deformation, and there was a distinct surge in the decrease rate of wave velocity with failure initiation, soil deformation was thus envisaged to have more significant effect on elastic wave velocity than water content. It is proposed that a warning be issued at switch of wave velocity decrease rate. Based on these observations, expected operation of the elastic wave velocity monitoring system for landslide prediction in the field application is presented. Consequently, we conclude that the elastic wave velocity monitoring technique has the potential to contribute to landslide prediction. 相似文献
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In geotechnical earthquake engineering, wave propagation plays a fundamental role in engineering applications related to the dynamic response of geotechnical structures and to site response analysis. However, current engineering practice is primarily concentrated on the investigation of shear wave propagation and the corresponding site response only to the horizontal components of the ground motion. Due to the repeated recent observations of strong vertical ground motions and compressional damage of engineering structures, there is an increasing need to carry out a comprehensive investigation of vertical site response and the associated compressional wave propagation, particularly when performing the seismic design for critical structures (e.g. nuclear power plants and high dams). Therefore, in this paper, the compressional wave propagation mechanism in saturated soils is investigated by employing hydro-mechanically (HM) coupled analytical and numerical methods. A HM analytical solution for compressional wave propagation is first studied based on Biot’s theory, which shows the existence of two types of compressional waves (fast and slow waves) and indicates that their characteristics (i.e. wave dispersion and attenuation) are highly dependent on some key geotechnical and seismic parameters (i.e. the permeability, soil stiffness and loading frequency). The subsequent HM Finite Element (FE) study reproduces the duality of compressional waves and identifies the dominant permeability ranges for the existence of the two waves. In particular the existence of the slow compression wave is observed for a range of permeability and loading frequency that is relevant for geotechnical earthquake engineering applications. In order to account for the effects of soil permeability on compressional dynamic soil behaviour and soil properties (i.e. P-wave velocities and damping ratios), the coupled consolidation analysis is therefore recommended as the only tool capable of accurately simulating the dynamic response of geotechnical structures to vertical ground motion at intermediate transient states between undrained and drained conditions. 相似文献
4.
碳酸盐岩储层作为油气勘探领域中的重要研究目标,其波场特征变化极为复杂,为提高对该类储集层多波地震资料的认知度,高精度数值模拟是行之有效的方法之一。这里在各向同性弹性波方程基础上,推导了纵波、横波分离方程,运用高阶交错网格有限差分技术与PML边界吸收技术,高精度模拟地震波在碳酸盐岩储层中的传播,得到了该类储层模型中的弹性波全波场,也分离出纵波信息和转换波波场信息,并保留了各自能量信息。同时结合AVO技术分析了弹性波在碳酸盐岩储层中AVO响应特征,并通过对储层理论模型进行试算,分析研究该类储层中的波场响应特征及传播规律,为碳酸盐岩储层的识别与预测提供参考依据,更能满足复杂油气田勘探开发的实际需要。 相似文献
5.
V. A. Akulichev V. V. Bezotvetnykh J. N. Morgunov Yu. A. Polovinka 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2010,432(2):775-777
In this paper, the results of experiments conducted on the Sea of Japan shelf are applied and discussed. The aim of these
experiments was to study regularities in the formation of impulse characteristics for wave conductors under variable hydrological
conditions. It has been shown that, in order to determine the distance and coordinates of underwater devices precisely when
working on a shelf, one should identify the first and last impulses in impulse characteristics for the wave conductor, measure
their arrival times, and multiply them to calculate the values of effective sonic velocity along the propagation routes of
these impulses. 相似文献
6.
地震波阻抗反演方法之改进与三阶段、九步骤反演方法的初步实践 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
地震波阻抗反演在储层预测中发挥了重要作用,它是确保地震数据、测井曲线、速度和地质信息正确综合的首要技术。地震反演的方法很多,对当前石油工业界常用的5种地震波阻抗反演方法的技术关键、适用性进行了分析和对比。由于受地震资料、地质条件和勘探开发程度的制约,现有波阻抗反演方法各具适应性,并不能很好地解决油田储层地震预测问题。为此,提出了一种新的工作思路--三阶段、九步骤反演方法。 应用该方法在松辽盆地GLB地区PTH油层的勘探部署和储量评价中取得较好效果,可预测1~2 m薄储层,对于国内类似地质条件的薄储层预测具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
7.
A validation study of the distinct lattice spring model (DLSM) for wave propagation problems is performed. DLSM is a microstructure-based numerical model, which is meshless and has advantages in modelling dynamic problems where stress wave propagation is important. To verify the applicability of DLSM to modelling wave propagation through a discontinuous medium, the virtual wave source (VWS) method is used to obtain analytical solutions for wave propagation across a jointed rock mass. Numerical modelling results of the commercial code UDEC are selected as the reference. The effects of particle size and lattice rotation angle on wave propagation are first studied. Then, the results of wave transmission across a single joint with a different joint stiffness and across multiple parallel joints with different joint spacings are derived with DLSM, UDEC and VWS. These results are in good agreement with each other. Therefore, the capability of DLSM to model P-wave propagation across jointed rock mass is verified, which provides confidence for the further application of DLSM to modelling more complex problems. 相似文献
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概述了模拟海岸、河口的浅水波浪数值模型研究现状、存在的问题以及用能量平衡方程预报海浪的发展历史。介绍了基于当代最新波浪理论研究成果的第三代浅水波浪数值模型SWAN模型,对模型的适用性、数值特性、功能及局限性进行了阐述。介绍动谱平衡方程数学模型、方程离散要求、边界条件的处理和源项(包括能量输入、损耗及波与波之间非线性相互作用)的处理方法,重点介绍三相波非线性相互作用。模拟海安湾有效波高、波周期场,并分析波与波之间非线性相互作用对波浪要素预报的影响,最后对SWAN模型的应用前景和研究趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
9.
双指数爆破荷载的应力时程关系是爆破工程的数值分析常用的动力输入。其在弹性岩石中传播衰减的特征线法解是工程爆破数值分析中弹性以及弹塑性分析的重要参照,也是动力学数值分析算法开发的重要高阶校准工具。应用统一弹性波的特征线法解求解源自圆形孔洞的双指数爆破荷载在理想介质中的传播。介绍了源自圆形孔洞的双指数爆破荷载在周围弹性介质传播过程中的径向应力、周向应力、位移以及速度波的特征线法解的具体过程,在MATLAB中进行了4种波的特征线法解的数值实施。对径向应力、周向应力、位移以及速度波的特征线法解的结果进行了多方面讨论。结果表明,特征线法是求解双曲型偏微分方程的一种有效方法,双指数爆破荷载在弹性岩石中传播衰减的特征线法解可为爆破工程数值分析以及动力学数值分析算法开发提供重要的支撑。 相似文献
10.
A. Perino J. B. Zhu J. C. Li G. Barla J. Zhao 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2010,43(6):799-809
Different methods are presently available for the analysis of wave propagation across jointed rock masses with the consideration of multiple wave reflections between joints. These methods can be divided into two categories. One is based on the displacement discontinuity model for representing rock joints, where the displacements across a joint are discontinuous and the tractions are continuous, and the other is the equivalent medium method. For the first category, there are three methods, i.e., method of characteristics (MC), scattering matrix method (SMM) and virtual wave source method (VWS). MC solves the equation of motion by using the theory of characteristic curves. SMM is based on the definition of the scattering matrix in which the reflection and transmission coefficients of a set of joints are stored. VWS method replaces the joints in the rock mass with a virtual concept. For the second category, equivalent medium model treats the problem in the frame of continuum mechanics and simplifies it from an explicit wave propagation equation. The objective of this paper is to review and compare these theoretical methods. The comparison shows that the four solutions agree very well with each other. Some additional considerations about the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are also given in the paper. 相似文献
11.
常规AVO分析是以单一界面为前提,用来分析薄层的AVO响应特征存在误差。Brekhovski给出的层状传播矩阵方程考虑了层内波的反射和透射以及层厚等影响因素,更适合用于讨论薄互层的地震响应特征。对薄层进行Brekhovski正演,发现不同入射角下振幅与厚度关系不同,与叠后全叠加振幅相比,截距P属性和薄层厚度之间的线性关系更强,说明P属性比全叠加振幅更有利于薄层厚度预测。不同薄互层模型的Brekhovski正演结果表明:净厚度和泊松比是影响AVO曲线特征的两个主要因素,净厚度越小,泊松比对截距P和梯度G属性的影响越小;当泊松比一定时,净厚度和P、G属性呈近似线性关系,P属性与净厚度关系更敏感,可用于薄互层净厚度预测。应用实例证明在薄互层区P属性用于砂地比预测效果比较好,叠后振幅和叠前反演的弹性阻抗预测的净砂岩厚度精度较差。 相似文献
12.
Analysis of Blast Wave Interaction with a Rock Joint 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
The interaction between rock joints and blast waves is crucial in rock engineering when rock mass is suffered from artificial or accidental explosions, bursts or weapon attacks. Based on the conservation of momentum at the wave fronts and the displacement discontinuity method, quantitative analysis for the interaction between obliquely incident P- or S-blast wave and a linear elastic rock joint is carried out in the present study, so as to deduce a wave propagation equation. For some special cases, such as normal or tangential incidence, rigid or weak joint, the analytical solution of the stress wave interaction with a rock joint is obtained by simplifying the wave propagation equation. By verification, it is found that the transmission and reflection coefficients from the wave propagation equation agree very well with the existing results. Parametric studies are then conducted to evaluate the effects of the joint stiffness and incident waves on wave transmission and reflection. The wave propagation equation derived in the present study can be straightforwardly extended for different incident waveforms and nonlinear rock joints to calculate the transmitted and reflected waves without mathematical methods such as the Fourier and inverse Fourier transforms. 相似文献
13.
YAN Xinlu ZHANG Songhang TANG Shuheng LI Zhongcheng WANG Kaifeng YI Yongxiang DANG Feng HU Qiuping 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(3):692-703
The main methods of coalbed methane(CBM) development are drainage and depressurization, and a precise prediction of coal reservoir pressure is thus crucial for the evaluation of reservoir potentials and the formulation of reasonable development plans. This work established a new reservoir pressure prediction model based on the material balance equation(MBE) of coal reservoir, which considers the self-regulating effects of coal reservoirs and the dynamic change of equivalent drainage area(EDA). According to the proposed model, the reservoir pressure can be predicted based on reservoir condition data and the actual production data of a single well. Compared with traditional reservoir pressure prediction models which regard EDA as a fixed value, the proposed model can better predict the average pressure of reservoirs. Moreover, orthogonal experiments were designed to evaluate the sensitivity of reservoir parameters on the reservoir pressure prediction results of this proposed model. The results show that the saturation of irreducible water is the most sensitive parameter, followed by Langmuir volume and reservoir porosity, and Langmuir pressure is the least sensitive parameter. In addition, the pressure drop of reservoirs is negatively correlated with the saturation of irreducible water and the Langmuir volume, while it is positively correlated with porosity. This work analyzed the reservoir pressure drop characteristics of the CBM wells in the Shizhuangnan Block of the Qinshui Basin, and the results show that the CBM reservoir depressurization can be divided into three types, i.e., rapidly drop type, medium-term stability type, and slowly drop type. The drainage features of wells were reasonably interpreted based on the comprehensive analysis of the reservoir depressurization type; the latter was coupled to the corresponding permeability dynamic change characteristics, eventually proving the applicability of the proposed model. 相似文献
14.
针对煤层底板突水预测问题,在总结现有突水预测方法和理论的基础上,通过特征选择实验得出水压、距工作面距离、砂岩段厚度、煤层厚度、煤层倾角、断层落差、裂隙带、开采面积、采高、走向长度是影响突水发生的主要因素,这些因素具有复杂、非线性的特点。提出基于长短时记忆（LSTM）神经网络构建的突水预测模型,将煤矿突水实例的数据作为样本数据对模型进行训练。最后,将LSTM神经网络模型与遗传算法-反向传播（GA-BP）神经网络模型和反向传播（BP）神经网络模型进行对比实验。实验结果表明,LSTM神经网络模型在测试集上的预测正确率更高,稳定性更好,更适用于煤层底板突水预测。 相似文献
15.
岩体在块系构造状态下的动力传播存在块体和块体间软弱介质的非协调变形现象，对岩体结构的动力稳定产生重要影响。目前块系岩体的非协调动力传播响应研究尚不充分，导致不能进行有效的动力响应特征识别。通过试验对块系岩体非协调动力传播过程岩块动力响应特征进行研究，分别从动力传播速度、岩块加速度振幅衰减、岩块振动位移响应、岩块振动持续时间、块体动能显现、块体振动频域响应特性等方面对比纵波传播，给出块系岩体非协调动力传播的特征分析。通过分析可知，块系介质非协调变形运动产生的动力传播现象相比于纵波传播是一种低频低速波，并伴随着岩块的大位移运动，同时岩块振动持续时间较长，蕴含着动能与势能的相互转换过程，这些现象构成了块系岩体非协调动力传播的重要特征。该研究将为识别岩体非协调动力传播特征及块系岩体的冲击预警波动特征识别提供参考。 相似文献
16.
Hydraulic and numerical study on the generation of a subaqueous landslide-induced tsunami along the coast 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yoshinori Shigihara Daichi Goto Fumihiko Imamura Yuichi Kitamura Takayuki Matsubara Kazuaki Takaoka Kazuhiko Ban 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(2):159-177
By carrying out the hydraulic experiments in a one-dimensional open channel and two-dimensional basin, we clarified the process
of how a landslide on a uniform slope causes the generation of a tsunami. The effect of the interactive force that occurs
between the debris flow layer and the tsunami is significant in the generation of a tsunami. The continuous flow of the debris
into the water makes the wave period of the tsunami short. The present experiments apply numerical simulation using the two-layer
model with shear stress models on the bottom and interface, and the results are compared. The simulated debris flow shows
good agreement with the measured results and ensures the rushing process into the water. We propose that the model use a Manning
coefficient of 0.01 for the smooth slope and 0.015 for the rough slope, and a horizontal viscosity of 0.01 m2/s for the landslide; an interactive force of 0.2 for each layer is recommended. The dispersion effect should be included
in the numerical model for the propagation from the shore. 相似文献
17.
The numerical error associated with finite-difference simulation of wave propagation in discontinuous media consists of two
components. The first component is a higher-order error that leads to grid dispersion; it can be controlled by higher-order
methods. The second component results from misalignment between numerical grids and material interfaces. We provide an explicit
estimate of the interface misalignment error for the second order in time and space staggered finite-difference scheme applied
to the acoustic wave equation. Our analysis, confirmed by numerical experiments, demonstrates that the interface error results
in a first-order time shift proportional to the distance between the interface and computational grids. A 2D experiment shows
that the interface error cannot be suppressed by higher-order methods and indicates that our 1D analysis gives a good prediction
about the behavior of the numerical solution in higher dimensions.
相似文献
18.
基于岩石弹性波特性的地震方法是目前地球物理勘探中最主要的方法,岩石中弹性波传播速度是联系岩石物理力学特性与地质学的有效桥梁。对于海相生物成因的珊瑚礁灰岩而言,其弹性波特性研究是了解珊瑚礁体内部整体性质的有效途径。研究表明,珊瑚礁灰岩的弹性纵波速度与干密度、回弹值呈线性正相关关系,与孔隙度呈线性负相关关系。不同结构类型珊瑚礁灰岩弹性波特性表现出显著的差异性,珊瑚骨架灰岩和珊瑚砾块灰岩均匀性较好,珊瑚砾屑灰岩和珊瑚砂屑灰岩离散性较大。基于珊瑚礁灰岩纵波速度与干密度、孔隙度以及回弹值之间的关系,结合某珊瑚礁体钻孔岩芯沿深度变化的回弹值信息以及岩芯薄片光学检测结果,提出一个基于纵波速度的珊瑚礁灰岩质量等级的划分标准,具有一定的可靠度和适用性。运用岩石二相体模型基本原理,建立了修正的时间平均公式,而不同结构类型珊瑚礁灰岩弹性波特性均符合雷莫亨特-加德纳方程。 相似文献
19.
将国际上通用的SWAN波浪数值模式应用到渤海,以检验其适应性。通过对由风引起的波浪的增长和耗散作用源函数的实验研究,发现SWAN中所采用的Phillips线性增长部分的比例系数和波浪成长有较大的关系,此比例系数随摩擦速度变化(原模式取此系数为一常数)。基于模式试验,引入了一个新的Phillips线性增长项公式,并且利用3个风过程对模式的改进进行了验证。3个风过程的计算结果和实测值比较表明,计算结果在3个过程当中都得到了明显的改进。 相似文献
20.
摆型波现象是深部开采中块系岩体固有的动力学特征之一。为研究深部块系岩体摆型波传播规律,采用理论分析与室内试验相结合的方法,研究了在冲击载荷作用下摆型波的传播特性。该试验采用12块花岗岩和橡胶夹层材料建立了模型,采用TST5915动态数据采集系统进行信号监测,分别获得了在均质夹层和部分夹层介质增厚情况下的加速度响应曲线,并运用摆型波动力模型理论进行分析。结果表明,摆型波在块体间传播过程中,频率大小不受能量大小的影响,而能量大小决定了波的衰减时间。当块体间介质黏性增加时,加速度幅值均有所下降,但对加速度衰减周期没有影响,而影响加速度衰减的主要因素是冲击载荷的能量大小。此次试验研究将为今后进一步研究摆型波动力传播特性提供一定的基础。 相似文献