首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
数值天气预报和气候预测可预报性研究的若干动力学方法   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
简要回顾了数值天气预报和气候预测可预报性研究的若干动力学方法,包括用于研究第一类可预报性问题的线性奇异向量(LSV)和条件非线性最优初始扰动(CNOP-I)方法,以及Lyapunov指数和非线性局部Lyapunov指数方法。前两种方法用于研究预报或预测的预报误差问题,可以用于估计天气预报和气候预测的最大预报误差,而且根据导致最大预报误差的初始误差结构的信息,这两种方法可以用于确定预报或预测的初值敏感区。应该指出的是,LSV是基于线性化模式,对于描述非线性大气和海洋的运动具有局限性。因而,对于非线性模式,应该选择使用CNOP-I估计最大预报误差。Lyapunov指数和非线性局部Lyapunov指数可以用于研究第一类可预报性问题中的预报时限问题,前者是基于线性模式,不能解释非线性对预报时限的影响,而非线性局部Lyapunov指数方法则考虑了非线性的影响,能够较好地估计实际天气和气候的预报时限。第二类可预报性问题的研究方法相对较少,本文仅介绍了由我国科学家提出的关于模式参数扰动的条件非线性最优参数扰动(CNOP-P)方法,该方法可以用于寻找到对预报有最大影响的参数扰动,并可以进一步确定哪些参数最应该利用观测资料进行校准。另一方面,通过对比CNOP-I和CNOP-P对预报误差的影响,可以判断导致预报不确定性的主要误差因子,进而指导人们着力改进模式或者初始场。  相似文献   

2.
基于Lorenz系统提取数值模式可预报分量的初步试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对数值预报模式中存在的非线性混沌特性, 从提取可预报分量的思路出发, 阐述了在数值模式中提取可预报分量的方法, 并利用Lorenz系统进行了相关数值试验。研究发现, Lorenz系统初始误差在相空间中的增长速度是不同的, 某些方向的误差增长速度较慢, 即存在对初值扰动不敏感、相对稳定的可预报分量。根据数值模式切线性误差算子的特征值演化规律, 提取出数值模式的可预报分量, 并将模式变量在其基底上进行投影变换, 建立了可预报分量数值模式。在此基础上, 研究了Lorenz系统的混沌状态、模式参数误差及外部随机噪声对提取可预报分量的影响, 发现基于可预报分量的数值模式, 具有更好的预报技巧。  相似文献   

3.
通过在Zebiak Cane数值模式中引入参数化MJO随机外强迫,着重从Nio 3指数的演变发展探讨了MJO不确定性对ENSO可预报性的影响。结果表明,对Zebiak Cane模式而言,MJO不确定性对由条件非线性最优扰动(CNOP)导致的ENSO事件最大预报误差影响较小;与初始误差相比,由MJO不确定性产生的模式误差在ENSO预报不确定性的产生中具有较小作用,对ENSO可预报性的影响不显著。该结果强调了初始误差在ENSO预报不确定性中的主要作用,从而为ENSO预测的资料同化提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

4.
通过在Zebiak Cane数值模式中引入参数化MJO随机外强迫,着重从Nio 3指数的演变发展探讨了MJO不确定性对ENSO可预报性的影响。结果表明,对Zebiak Cane模式而言,MJO不确定性对由条件非线性最优扰动(CNOP)导致的ENSO事件最大预报误差影响较小;与初始误差相比,由MJO不确定性产生的模式误差在ENSO预报不确定性的产生中具有较小作用,对ENSO可预报性的影响不显著。该结果强调了初始误差在ENSO预报不确定性中的主要作用,从而为ENSO预测的资料同化提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

5.
数值天气预报准确性直接取决于好的预报模式和初始场。在预报业务中,依赖观测数据调整初始场和模式参数属气象上的反问题。通过对模式参数识别和初始场调整问题进行等价转化,提出了一种基于进化策略的气象学反问题求解算法。在一维扩散方程和Lorenz-96简单预报模式进行了两类理想数值试验,试验结果表明经过优化后的预报误差均控制在非常小的范围内且预报稳定,从而验证了方法的有效性。  相似文献   

6.
综述用非线性优化方法研究厄尔尼诺(El Ni~no)南方涛动(ENSO)事件可预报性的进展。针对ENSO可预报性研究中的热点问题———“前期征兆”、“春季可预报性障碍”,以及如何量化研究ENSO可预报性和ENSO的不对称性问题,作者在近年来的工作中先后用理论模式和中等复杂程度ENSO模式研究了ENSO可预报性的动力学,揭示了ENSO的若干重要非线性特征。主要结果如下:(1)条件非线性最优扰动(CNOP)(局部CNOP)比线性奇异向量更易发展成ENSO事件,扮演了ENSO的最优前期征兆。这些ENSO事件关于气候平均态是不对称的。理论分析表明,非线性温度平流过程是造成这种不对称性的重要原因。1980~2002年的海洋再分析资料验证了上述理论结果。(2)ENSO事件CNOP型初始误差的发展有明显的季节依赖性,该误差导致了ENSO事件最显著的春季可预报性障碍(SPB)现象。ENSO事件SPB的发生不仅依赖于气候平均态,而且依赖于ENSO事件本身及其初始误差模态,是三者综合作用的结果。(3)建立了关于ENSO可预报性的最大可预报时间下界、最大预报误差上界和最大允许初始误差下界的三类可预报性问题,分别从三个方面揭示了ENSO事件的春季可预报性障碍现象,比较有效地量化了其可预报性。(4)通过CNOP方法,揭示了非线性温度平流在年代际尺度ENSO不对称性研究中的重要作用,解释了ENSO不对称性的年代际变化,基于所用ENSO模式给出了ENSO不对称性年代际变化的机制。最后,展望了非线性优化方法在ENSO可预报性中应用的前景,并期望该方法能拓展到ENSO第二类可预报性问题的研究中。  相似文献   

7.
用非线性最优化方法研究El Niño可预报性的进展与前瞻   总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2  
段晚锁  穆穆 《大气科学》2006,30(5):759-766
综述用非线性优化方法研究厄尔尼诺(El Ni(n)o)-南方涛动(ENSO)事件可预报性的进展.针对ENSO可预报性研究中的热点问题--"前期征兆"、"春季可预报性障碍",以及如何量化研究ENSO可预报性和ENSO的不对称性问题,作者在近年来的工作中先后用理论模式和中等复杂程度ENSO模式研究了ENSO可预报性的动力学,揭示了ENSO的若干重要非线性特征.主要结果如下:(1)条件非线性最优扰动(CNOP)(局部CNOP)比线性奇异向量更易发展成ENSO事件,扮演了ENSO的最优前期征兆.这些ENSO事件关于气候平均态是不对称的.理论分析表明,非线性温度平流过程是造成这种不对称性的重要原因.1980~2002年的海洋再分析资料验证了上述理论结果.(2)ENSO事件CNOP型初始误差的发展有明显的季节依赖性,该误差导致了ENSO事件最显著的春季可预报性障碍(SPB)现象.ENSO事件SPB的发生不仅依赖于气候平均态,而且依赖于ENSO事件本身及其初始误差模态,是三者综合作用的结果.(3)建立了关于ENSO可预报性的最大可预报时间下界、最大预报误差上界和最大允许初始误差下界的三类可预报性问题,分别从三个方面揭示了ENSO事件的春季可预报性障碍现象,比较有效地量化了其可预报性.(4)通过CNOP方法,揭示了非线性温度平流在年代际尺度ENSO不对称性研究中的重要作用,解释了ENSO不对称性的年代际变化,基于所用ENSO模式给出了ENSO不对称性年代际变化的机制.最后,展望了非线性优化方法在ENSO可预报性中应用的前景,并期望该方法能拓展到ENSO第二类可预报性问题的研究中.  相似文献   

8.
综述用非线性优化方法研究厄尔尼诺(El Ni(n)o)-南方涛动(ENSO)事件可预报性的进展.针对ENSO可预报性研究中的热点问题--"前期征兆"、"春季可预报性障碍",以及如何量化研究ENSO可预报性和ENSO的不对称性问题,作者在近年来的工作中先后用理论模式和中等复杂程度ENSO模式研究了ENSO可预报性的动力学,揭示了ENSO的若干重要非线性特征.主要结果如下:(1)条件非线性最优扰动(CNOP)(局部CNOP)比线性奇异向量更易发展成ENSO事件,扮演了ENSO的最优前期征兆.这些ENSO事件关于气候平均态是不对称的.理论分析表明,非线性温度平流过程是造成这种不对称性的重要原因.1980~2002年的海洋再分析资料验证了上述理论结果.(2)ENSO事件CNOP型初始误差的发展有明显的季节依赖性,该误差导致了ENSO事件最显著的春季可预报性障碍(SPB)现象.ENSO事件SPB的发生不仅依赖于气候平均态,而且依赖于ENSO事件本身及其初始误差模态,是三者综合作用的结果.(3)建立了关于ENSO可预报性的最大可预报时间下界、最大预报误差上界和最大允许初始误差下界的三类可预报性问题,分别从三个方面揭示了ENSO事件的春季可预报性障碍现象,比较有效地量化了其可预报性.(4)通过CNOP方法,揭示了非线性温度平流在年代际尺度ENSO不对称性研究中的重要作用,解释了ENSO不对称性的年代际变化,基于所用ENSO模式给出了ENSO不对称性年代际变化的机制.最后,展望了非线性优化方法在ENSO可预报性中应用的前景,并期望该方法能拓展到ENSO第二类可预报性问题的研究中.  相似文献   

9.
对T106分析/预报场可预报性的初步分析   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
李Chong  于波 《气象科学》2001,21(4):379-391
本文围绕日常天气预报的需求和为区域数值天气预报模式定义天气背景场和初值场的需要,针对9210工程MICAPS系统中T106谱模式的客观分析场和预报场的可预报性进行了初步诊断,定量分析比较了T106、欧洲中心ECMWT、华盛顿KEBC和日本JAPAN数值模式对天气环流形势和预报的统计误差,并初步探讨了模式误差的自身预报问题。文中指出了T106模式的误差源主要来自于其客观分析场的固定误差,提出了以集成客观分析场作为客观分析,提供预报员预报参考或作为数值预报的背景初值场。  相似文献   

10.
基于T106数值预报产品资料,提出了支持向量机和卡尔曼滤波相结合的方法来进行夏季西太平洋副热带高压数值预报的误差修正与预报优化。首先采用支持向量机方法建立了西太平洋副热带高压面积指数的误差修正模型。基于支持向量机预报优化模型尽管有比较好的拟合精度和预报效果,但与实际副热带高压指数尚有一定的差异。究其原因,除预报对象(副热带高压)本身比较复杂、模型优化因子不够充分以及数值预报误差自身的随机性以外,优化模型的输入、输出基本上是一个静态映射结构,因此前一时刻的预测误差难以得到有效的反馈、调整和修正。为考虑前一时刻预报误差的反馈信息,动态跟踪副高的变化趋势,随后引入卡尔曼滤波方法建立支持向量机-卡尔曼滤波模型,对支持向量机模型的输出结果作进一步的调整和优化。试验结果表明,该方法模型的预报优化效果优于T106数值预报产品以及单纯的神经网络修正模型和卡尔曼滤波修正模型的优化效果,能够较为客观、有效地修正西太平洋副热带高压指数的数值预报误差,改进和优化西太平洋副热带高压的数值预报效果。该方法为副热带高压等复杂天气系统和要素场预报提供了一种新的思路,表现出较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

11.
范新岗  丑纪范 《大气科学》1999,23(5):543-550
提为初值问题的数值预报在通过改进数值模式、观测手段及分析方法而改进预报的同时,仍然面临着两大困难,即模式误差和初值不完整。然而我们有大量的气候演变的历史观测资料,其中蕴含着关于气候系统的信息。本文针对这两个困难,系统地提出充分利用历史资料反演订正模式和初值进而改进数值预报的三类反问题,并给出数值解法。最后将三类反问题应用于一个简单模式进行反演预报的数值试验,其数值试验结果将在本文的第二部分给出。  相似文献   

12.
A reduced-gravity barotropic shallow-water model was used to simulate the Kuroshio path variations.The results show that the model was able to capture the essential features of these path variations.We used one simulation of the model as the reference state and investigated the effects of errors in model parameters on the prediction of the transition to the Kuroshio large meander (KLM) state using the conditional nonlinear optimal parameter perturbation (CNOP-P) method.Because of their relatively large uncertainties,three model parameters were considered:the interfacial friction coefficient,the wind-stress amplitude,and the lateral friction coefficient.We determined the CNOP-Ps optimized for each of these three parameters independently,and we optimized all three parameters simultaneously using the Spectral Projected Gradient 2 (SPG2) algorithm.Similarly,the impacts caused by errors in initial conditions were examined using the conditional nonlinear optimal initial perturbation (CNOP-I) method.Both the CNOP-I and CNOP-Ps can result in significant prediction errors of the KLM over a lead time of 240 days.But the prediction error caused by CNOP-I is greater than that caused by CNOP-P.The results of this study indicate not only that initial condition errors have greater effects on the prediction of the KLM than errors in model parameters but also that the latter cannot be ignored.Hence,to enhance the forecast skill of the KLM in this model,the initial conditions should first be improved,the model parameters should use the best possible estimates.  相似文献   

13.
王铁  穆穆 《大气科学》2007,31(5):987-998
利用REM模式的伴随系统和非线性优化方法,通过三个实际天气个例,对REM模式的可预报性问题进行了研究。结果表明,REM模式在给定的实际应用中可接受的预报误差范围内,对三个天气个例都具有预报能力。对于个例一,利用现有的常规报文初始观测场,进行简单的插值处理(最优插值等),REM数值模式就可以得到比较满意的预报结果; 对于个例二和个例三,对现有的报文初始观测场进行处理(如四维变分资料同化)后,REM模式在给定的误差允许范围内,对这两个天气个例仍得到满意的预报。研究结果不仅对改进数值模式具有一定的指导意义,而且对如何改进数值模式的初值问题,特别是在中尺度天气预报中如何改进具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

14.
Recent Advances in Predictability Studies in China (1999-2002)   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
Since the last International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) General Assembly (1999), the predictability studies in China have made further progress during the period of 1999-2002. Firstly, three predictability sub-problems in numerical weather and climate prediction are classified, which are concerned with the maximum predictability time, the maximum prediction error, and the maximum allowable initial error, and then they are reduced into three nonlinear optimization problems. Secondly, the concepts of the nonlinear singular vector (NSV) and conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) are proposed,which have been utilized to study the predictability of numerical weather and climate prediction. The results suggest that the nonlinear characteristics of the motions of atmosphere and oceans can be revealedby NSV and CNOP. Thirdly, attention has also been paid to the relations between the predictability and spatial-temporal scale, and between the model predictability and the machine precision, of which the investigations disclose the importance of the spatial-temporal scale and machine precision in the study of predictability. Also the cell-to-cell mapping is adopted to analyze globally the predictability of climate,which could provide a new subject to the research workers. Furthermore, the predictability of the summer rainfall in China is investigated by using the method of correlation coefficients. The results demonstrate that the predictability of summer rainfall is different in different areas of China. Analysis of variance, which is one of the statistical methods applicable to the study of predictability, is also used to study the potential predictability of monthly mean temperature in China, of which the conclusion is that the monthly mean temperature over China is potentially predictable at a statistical significance level of 0.10. In addition,in the analysis of the predictability of the T106 objective analysis/forecasting field, the variance and the correlation coefficient are calculated to explore the distribution characteristics of the mean-square errors.Finally, the predictability of short-term climate prediction is investigated by using statistical methods or numerical simulation methods. It is demonstrated that the predictability of short-term climate in China depends not only on the region of China being investigated, but also on the time scale and the atmospheric internal dynamical process.  相似文献   

15.
YU Liang  MU Mu  Yanshan  YU 《大气科学进展》2014,31(3):647-656
ABSTRACT The impact of both initial and parameter errors on the spring predictability barrier (SPB) is investigated using the Zebiak Cane model (ZC model). Previous studies have shown that initial errors contribute more to the SPB than parameter errors in the ZC model. Although parameter errors themselves are less important, there is a possibility that nonlinear interactions can occur between the two types of errors, leading to larger prediction errors compared with those induced by initial errors alone. In this case, the impact of parameter errors cannot be overlooked. In the present paper, the optimal combination of these two types of errors [i.e., conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) errors] is calculated to investigate whether this optimal error combination may cause a more notable SPB phenomenon than that caused by initial errors alone. Using the CNOP approach, the CNOP errors and CNOP-I errors (optimal errors when only initial errors are considered) are calculated and then three aspects of error growth are compared: (1) the tendency of the seasonal error growth; (2) the prediction error of the sea surface temperature anomaly; and (3) the pattern of error growth. All three aspects show that the CNOP errors do not cause a more significant SPB than the CNOP-I errors. Therefore, this result suggests that we could improve the prediction of the E1 Nifio during spring by simply focusing on reducing the initial errors in this model.  相似文献   

16.
数值天气预报———另类途径的必要性和可行性   总被引:5,自引:6,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
通过讨论省 (甚至地、市) 气象部门要不要开展数值天气预报工作的问题, 认为不是所有的地方都要开展, 只是那些希望搞科研型业务、迫切要求提高当地高影响天气的预报准确率的地方要开展。对于如何开展的问题, 提出不是去重复类似于主流途径的做法, 而是开辟另类途径, 并阐述了另类途径的内容、方法和意义。强调开展另类途径无需构建模式 (这是非常困难的工作), 只需运转现成的模式, 借助所关心的现象的历史数据来改造现成模式, 使之本地化, 是完全可行的。  相似文献   

17.
Predicting the intensity of tropical cyclones(TCs)is challenging in operational weather prediction systems,partly due to the difficulty in defining the initial vortex.In an attempt to solve this problem,this study investigated the effect of initial vortex intensity correction on the prediction of the intensity of TCs by the operational numerical prediction system GRAPES_TYM(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System_Typhoon Model)of the National Meteorological Center of the China Meteorological Administration.The statistical results based on experiments using data for major TCs in 2018 show that initial vortex intensity correction can reduce the errors in mean intensity for up to 120-h integration,with a noticeable decrease in the negative bias of intensity and a slight increase in the mean track error.The correction leads to an increase in the correlation coefficient of Vmax(maximum wind speed at 10-m height)for the severe typhoon and super typhoon stages.Analyses of the errors in intensity at different stages of intensity(including tropical storms,severe tropical storms,typhoons,severe typhoons,and super typhoons)show that vortex intensity correction has a remarkable positive influence on the prediction of super typhoons from 0 to 120h.Analyses of the errors in intensity for TCs with different initial intensities indicate that initial vortex correction can significantly improve the prediction of intensity from 24 to 96 h for weak TCs(including tropical storms and severe tropical storms at the initial time)and up to 24 h for strong TCs(including severe typhoons and super typhoons at the initial time).The effect of the initial vortex intensity correction is more important for developing TCs than for weakening TCs.  相似文献   

18.
There are three common types of predictability problems in weather and climate, which each involve different constrained nonlinear optimization problems: the lower bound of maximum predictable time, the upper bound of maximum prediction error, and the lower bound of maximum allowable initial error and parameter error. Highly efficient algorithms have been developed to solve the second optimization problem. And this optimization problem can be used in realistic models for weather and climate to study the upper bound of the maximum prediction error. Although a filtering strategy has been adopted to solve the other two problems, direct solutions are very time-consuming even for a very simple model, which therefore limits the applicability of these two predictability problems in realistic models. In this paper, a new strategy is designed to solve these problems, involving the use of the existing highly efficient algorithms for the second predictability problem in particular. Furthermore, a series of comparisons between the older filtering strategy and the new method are performed. It is demonstrated that the new strategy not only outputs the same results as the old one, but is also more computationally efficient. This would suggest that it is possible to study the predictability problems associated with these two nonlinear optimization problems in realistic forecast models of weather or climate.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号