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Since ancient times, floods occurred frequently in Huaihe River with significant casualties and economic losses. In developing measures for disaster prevention or emergency response for disaster relief, the study of social vulnerability to floods in Huaihe River Basin should be strengthened. Based on the latest socioeconomic data, the index system of social vulnerability to floods was constructed from three dimensions: population, economy, and flood prevention. Sensitive indexes were identified from the original indexes by principal component analysis, and the social vulnerability index for floods was calculated for Huaihe River Basin. The results described the characteristics of the spatial distribution. It also demonstrated that vulnerability manifests itself as a regional phenomenon, with significant changes from city to city across the Huaihe River Basin. Understanding the impacts of changes in vulnerability was crucial in developing measures to prevent floods. 相似文献
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淮河流域水资源问题与建议 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
淮河流域社会经济进入快速发展期,水安全将面临更大的压力与挑战。调查总结了淮河流域水资源工程体系建设成就,分析了水资源现状和存在的问题;围绕全流域水资源配置和管理,提出增加洪水资源和再生水利用,新建和扩建水资源拦蓄工程及跨流域跨区域调水工程,建立水资源及水环境实时调度管理系统,实行区域用水总量控制制度,进一步加强水资源及水环境重大问题的关键技术研究等,为淮河流域经济社会又好又快发展提供支撑与保障。 相似文献
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选取甘肃省境内11个典型小流域的水文站实测资料,在分析资料可靠性、一致性、代表性及暴雨洪水特性的基础上,综合利用水文学、数理统计学等理论和方法,建立了小流域最大暴雨量-暴雨历时关系模型、最大洪峰流量-流域特征关系模型。结果表明:各时段最大暴雨量较大值主要分布在泾河流域和嘉陵江流域东南部,较小值主要分布在渭河流域、洮河流域、嘉陵江流域的北峪河;绘制了各代表站最大暴雨量-暴雨历时关系曲线,嘉陵江流域以90min为转折点,其他流域均以180min为转折点,小于转折点时,暴雨量随暴雨历时增长而急剧增加,大于转折点后,变化趋于平缓稳定。重点选取危害较大、难以防范的330场次短历时暴雨洪水,建立各小流域暴雨洪水概化模型,短历时洪水发生时间很短,洪水起涨时间约2～5h,洪峰出现时间约5～7h。研究典型小流域水文要素变化规律,分析局地短历时暴雨洪水特性,并模拟其变化过程,对区域抗旱防汛减灾、水资源管理、小流域治理及生态环境保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
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洪水资源化是获得水资源的新途径。本文解释了洪水资源化的理论基础．阐述了洪水资源化的概念及其基本内涵。分析了洪水资源化在淮河流域实行的必要性和可行性．提出了淮河流域洪水资源化利用的基本思路，并指出了实现淮河流域洪水资源化的主要途径。 相似文献
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海河流域洪水资源利用评价研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为给流域洪水资源利用合理性评价提供基本的阈值标准,有效协调洪水资源利用与河流生态环境保护和流域防洪安全的关系,建立了流域洪水资源利用评价的基本框架.指出洪水资源利用评价应解决洪水资源量计算、洪水资源利用水平分析、洪水资源可利用量评价和洪水资源利用潜力评估四个基本问题.在对洪水资源利用量、洪水资源可利用量、洪水资源利用潜力等基本概念进行系统阐述的基础上,建立了流域洪水资源利用的评价方法.根据所建立的基本概念和评估方法,对1980～2006年海河流域及4个二级区的洪水资源利用状况及合理性进行了全面评价.结果表明,1980～2006年海河流域平均年洪水资源可利用量和利用潜力分别为62.8亿m~3和5.35亿m~3.海河流域洪水资源利用总体而言处于比较不合理的状态,洪水资源利用量频繁超过洪水资源可利用量,洪水资源利用潜力不大.多数年份洪水资源利用量超过了河道内必要需水量允许的限度,少数丰水年份超过了流域洪水资源调控利用能力的范围.今后,海河流域洪水资源利用合理性的提高,需要逐步调整目前洪水资源利用主要集中于山区的空间格局,提高平原区洪水资源调控利用能力,有效保障洪水期河道内必要需水量. 相似文献
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Flood of 1997 affected a large number of residents in the Red River Basin. Life disruption, economic damage, lengthy recovery process, physical and emotional trauma motivated a number of main initiatives to improve the level of preparedness in case of future floods. This review will focus on the involvement of the International Joint Commission (IJC). Personal experience is used in this review to emphasize a number of important lessons, of special relevance to Canadian portion of the basin, from the post flood activities. Level of preparedness for, and potential damage from future floods will benefit from focusing very serious effort on the improvement of the Canadian database, exchange of data with the U.S. and standardization of data collection, exchange and use. Tools for sustainable floodplain management are improving. However, the Red River Basin with its characteristics requires a special set of sophisticated tools that will enhance flood flow forecasting, planning of new flood control measures (structural and non-structural) and emergency operations of existing flood protection system. City of Winnipeg, being the largest population centre in the basin deserves a special attention. Additional protection of 670,000 people is required that will take into consideration temporal and spatial distribution of economic and social costs and benefits. 相似文献
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Frequent flood is a concern for most of the coastal regions of India. The importance of flood maps in governing strategies for flood risk management is of prime importance. Flood inundation maps are considered dependable output generated from simulation results from hydraulic models in evaluating flood risks. In the present work, a continuous hydrologic-hydraulic model has been implemented for mapping the flood, caused by the Baitarani River of Odisha, India. A rainfall time-series data were fed into the hydrologic model and the runoff generated from the model was given as an input into the hydraulic model. The study was performed using the HEC-HMS model and the FLO-2D model to map the extent of flooding in the area. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) 90 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, Land use/Land cover map (LULC), soil texture data of the basin area were used to compute the topographic and hydraulic parameters. Flood inundation was simulated using the FLO-2D model and based on the flow depth, hazard zones were specified using the MAPPER tool of the hydraulic model. Bhadrak District was found to be the most hazard-prone district affected by the flood of the Baitarani River. The result of the study exhibited the hydraulic model as a utile tool for generating inundation maps. An approach for assessing the risk of flooding and proper management could help in mitigating the flood. The automated procedure for mapping and the details of the study can be used for planning flood disaster preparedness in the worst affected area.
相似文献10.
基于信息扩散理论的洪水风险评估模型的研究及应用--以阿克苏河流域新大河暴雨融雪型洪水为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
针对新疆一些河流实测洪水系列较短、传统的统计模型进行风险估计难以胜任的特点,引入了信息扩散理论的模糊数学方法,提出了洪水风险评估的实用模型,并以新疆阿克苏河流域新大河暴雨融雪型洪水为例,进行洪水风险估计,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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Wang Liang Cai Yongli Chen Hongquan Dag Daler Zhao Jingmin Yang Juan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(5):1119-1124
Taihu Lake is at the densely populated region of the eastern coast of China. Taihu Basin is one of the most developed regions
of China. The frequency of flood disaster in Taihu Basin has been increasing in the recent years, resulting in more drowned
areas and economic loss. It is shown that flood disaster is the most serious problems in Taihu Lake and Taihu Basin. Mitigation
of flood problems and return to sustainability has now been given high attention and are prioritized in the Chinese national
policies. This paper describes the state of the flood disaster in the Taihu Basin, examines the root causes for flood disaster,
demonstrates by examples how these analyses known as transboundary diagnostic analysis can be used to develop policy options
that can help predict and reduce the flood disaster based on past and current measures and policy. 相似文献
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2020年长江上游和中下游先后发生特大洪水,其中干流编号洪水全部发生在上游,构成了长江流域洪水的主要部分。首先回顾2020年洪水及洪灾情况,然后根据历史上几次特大洪水过程和历年实测资料,分析长江上游洪水特征、洪灾类型及特点,最后提出新时代长江流域洪水整体防御战略及山洪灾害防治战术。研究表明:金沙江洪水是长江上游洪水基础部分,岷江、嘉陵江和干流区间是洪峰的主要来源,三者洪水遭遇是产生上游特大洪水的主因,上游洪水又是全流域特大洪水的基础和重要组成部分。目前造成洪灾死亡人数最多的是山洪以及山洪引起的地质灾害,财产损失最大的是中下游及湖泊地区。未来堤防仍然是防洪的基础,提高沿江城市防洪标准主要手段是控制性水库的联合优化调度,而减少洪涝灾害损失最有效的途径是给洪水以空间的自然解决方案等非工程措施。 相似文献
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Operational flood prediction and flood risk assessment have become important components of flood management. One main aspect is the reliability assessment of the flood defence line during a flood event. This is generally performed by a comparison of the water level in the river to the crest height of the dikes whilst taking only hydraulic and geometric aspects into account. Additional information about material zones and material parameters are often available. However, these data are not in an appropriate shape when deriving the reliability of the flood defence line. This paper outlines how the fragility curve of a dike section is used to appropriately integrate geostatic and geohydraulic dike characteristics into operational flood management systems. Fragility curves are the result of a model-based reliability analysis and they summarise the dike performance depending on the water level. Failure modes such as piping or slope failure are included. In a case study, fragility curves for dike sections along the River Emscher (Germany) are determined. Their practical implementation in an operational flood management system shows an improvement in the operational reliability assessment due to the additional information taken into account. The use of fragility curves also supports the decision-making processes when emergency flood protection measures are required. 相似文献
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提出了综合利用被动微波卫星、中等空间分辨率光学卫星、高空间分辨率光学卫星和雷达卫星等遥感数据,地理数据,以及水文和气象等多源空间数据的洪涝灾害监测评估方法。并以2007年淮河流域洪涝灾害监测为例,快速获取了全流域洪涝灾害的时空变化特征信息,以及淮河干流区域的最大淹没面积及淹没历时数据,实现了重点区域灾情的精细监测和量化评估。结果表明,该方法充分利用多源空间数据,保证下垫面洪涝灾情信息的及时获取,克服了传统调查统计方法的不足,在2007年淮河流域防洪减灾服务中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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An interdisciplinary approach is necessary for flood risk assessment. Questions are often raised about which factors should
be considered important in assessing the flood risk in an area and how to quantify these factors. This article defines and
quantitatively evaluates the flood risk factors that would affect the Day River Flood Diversion Area in the context of integrated
flood management in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Expert analysis, in conjunction with field survey and Analytical Hierarchy
Process (AHP), is applied to define and quantify parameters (indicators, subcomponents, and components) that contribute to
flood risk. Flood duration is found to be the most prominent indicator in determining flood hazard. Residential buildings,
population, and pollution are other fairly significant indicators contributing to flood vulnerability from the economic, social,
and environmental perspectives, respectively. The study results will be useful in developing comprehensive flood risk maps
for policy-makers and responsible authorities. Besides, local residents will also be able to implement suitable measures for
reducing flood risk in the study area. 相似文献
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分析研究了2001年5月15日～8月15日3个月GMS卫星资料在湖南资水流域实时数值预报中的应用以及将TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)卫星上的TMI(Microwave Imager)雨水资料适时融入数值模式改变当时模式中雨水分布场,数值模拟还研究了发生在淮河流域的10次暴雨过程。结果表明:资水流域3个月的实时预报效果良好,准确预报出其中出现的3次致洪暴雨和1次特大暴雨;对淮河流域暴雨,由于TMI资料空间分辨率较高,能够很好地反映中小尺度系统的空间结构,加入模式后使得模拟出来的降雨强度,雨量中心时空分布更接近实际情况,10次暴雨过程的TS评分较不使用TMI资料更好。 相似文献