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1.
现代黄河三角洲叶瓣的划分和识别 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
黄河分流河道摆动频繁,自1855年以来形成了8个三角洲叶瓣。1904-1929年的三角洲沉积物划归一个叶瓣较为合适。1934-1938年和1947-1964年也应该划归一个叶瓣。叶瓣活动时间短,平均活动时间只有16年。单个叶瓣形成的沉积物厚度有限。一个钻孔剖面上的三角洲沉积物常常分层于数个叶瓣。叶瓣废弃后改造时间短,还没有形成较粗的改造,沉积物便被新的叶瓣所覆盖。两个叶瓣的界线不很清楚。但根据沉积结构和构造,微体化石,210pb测年方法,土壤层以及历史记录,可以识别出不同的叶瓣。 相似文献
2.
快速城市化地区海岸线分维动态演变研究——以深圳市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以快速城市化地区深圳市为研究区域,以1978、1986、1995和2005年4期Landsat MSS/TM影像为数据源,利用阈值结合NDVI指数法提取海岸线,计算海岸线分维数,系统分析了深圳市多期海岸线分维变化特征,并初步揭示快速城市化地区海岸线分维变化机制,为进～步掌握快速城市化地区人类活动对海岸带变化影响进行了探索与总结.研究结果表明:(1)不同类型海岸的海岸线分维不同,由基岩海岸、人工海岸到淤泥质海岸递减:(2)研究时段内,深圳市东海岸海岸线分维总体降低,西海岸总体上升:(3)人类活动对海岸线分维变化影响显著.人类活动强度与海岸线分维变化程度呈正相关,人类活动方式包括滩涂围垦和填海造地对海岸线的分维变化幅度影响不同,其中滩涂围垦使海岸线分维变化幅度较小,填海造地使海岸线分维变化幅度显著. 相似文献
3.
海岸线是海洋与陆地的交界线,全球气候变化将引起海岸线的变迁,极地区域拥有最大的冰川,冰川的消融将导致全球海岸线的迅速变迁,因此研究极地海岸线具有重要的科学意义。由于潮汐等影响,卫星影像提取的海洋与陆地的交界线只是海岸水边线,本文以格陵兰岛海岸为实验对象,采用Gamma滤波方法对合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据的相干斑进行预处理,提出了应用支持向量机(SVM)和Canny边缘检测算子的海岸水边线提取方法,基于Terra SARX影像的实验结果表明,本文提取的格陵兰海岸水边线准确率都达60%以上。 相似文献
4.
黄河三角洲废弃叶瓣海岸侵蚀与岸线演化 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
利用Landsat TM卫星遥感图像,对黄河1964~1976年间形成的三角洲叶瓣自1976年废弃以后的岸线进行了识别,选取了四个典型剖面,绘制了它们的岸线蚀退或淤进平均速率曲线。结果显示,不同剖面处天然岸线的蚀退或淤进速率很有规律。根据曲线特征将其分为蚀退期,转换过渡期和周期性波动期。现废弃叶瓣已进入周期性波动期。由于受大坝影响,不同位置岸线波动周期不同,两大坝之间约为4年,大坝西侧约为5年,岸线变化准平衡线位于1996年的海岸线附近。岸线变化速率波动幅值将随着时间的延长而减小。 相似文献
5.
嘉义海岸平原形成于晚更新世，海岸线的变迁与海水进退相对应，近三百多年来整体呈向西推移约６ｋｍ。明末清初，本区海岸线最深可抵龟子港、安溪寮一带，北边的荷苞屿大潭可深入鹿草一带。河流输沙造成海岸逐渐淤积并向西推移，二十世纪以来，海埔地大量围垦成鱼塘或盐田，更加速海岸线的西移。综合朴子、八掌二溪河道变迁的成因与形态，大致归纳成曲流作用、主流淤塞及河道延伸等三类型。根据文献记载推论，八掌溪河道变迁幅度最大 相似文献
6.
基于分形的中国大陆海岸线尺度效应研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以DEM为基础,并参照卫星影像,提取了不同比例尺下中国大陆海岸线,从海岸地质构造特征和海岸类型角度出发,对我国大陆海岸线整体、沉降隆起岸段和不同类型海岸尺度效应进行分析,并探讨了引起尺度效应差异的地理环境因素。研究表明：(1) 中国大陆海岸线整体分形维数为1.195,岸线长度受测量尺度影响显著,定量刻画海岸线长度不可忽略相应测量尺度;(2)岸线分形受地质构造特征和水动力因素控制明显,隆起段和沉降段海岸线分形维数有着显著差异：辽东半岛隆起段分形维数为1.153,辽河-华北平原沉降段分形维数为1.116,山东半岛隆起段分形维数为1.148,苏北-杭州湾沉降段分形维数为1.177,浙东-桂南隆起段分形维数则达1.239;(3) 海岸线尺度效应同时随海岸类型不同有着显著差异,位于冀北平原和滦河三角洲平原岸段的砂质岸线分形维数为1.109;位于苏北平原的淤泥质岸线分维数为1.056,位于闽东南山地丘陵的基岩海岸线分形维数达1.293。海岸线是陆、海和气界面的交汇线,其分形性质的定量刻画,可为多尺度研究海气、陆气和海陆相互作用提供科学基础。 相似文献
7.
海岸线变迁研究在海岸带研究中具有重要意义,提取遥感影像成像时刻的水边线(瞬时海岸水边线)是提取海岸线的关键。该文以海南省文昌市、琼海市2010年的Landsat TM5影像为数据源,研究多种图像阈值分割方法在海岸水边线提取中的最优算法及其区域适应性;采用多种数学形态学算子及其结构元素重构方法对结果进行碎斑块等噪声处理,分析比较在典型区域上的表现力;最后从阈值选取难易程度、提取海岸水边线的精度、误差来源机理方面进行整体评价分析。结果表明:改进的归一化差异水体指数(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index,MNDWI)在海岸水边线提取中显示了明显的优势,主要表现在较好的海陆对比度差异、较少的噪声影响以及在复杂环境下的区域普适性等方面;采用3×3结构元素的数学形态学开运算进行后处理,在保证海岸水边线位置精度的基础上,可对近海鱼塘、山体阴影以及反射特性比较弱的植被等造成的误提碎斑块进行合理去除;河口及淤泥质岸线、人工养殖区及生物质岸线处是图像阈值分割法岸线提取的主要偏差来源区域。 相似文献
8.
1990年以来中国大陆海岸线稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
海岸线变迁是一个动态的演变过程,它是自然与人类共同作用的结果。基于1990年、2000年、2007年和2012年4个时期的资源卫星、Landsat系列卫星的遥感影像,采用色差Canny算子计算方法提取岸线数据,计算近22 a来中国大陆海岸线向海推进或向陆后退的空间位置变化量及年均变化速度,研究中国大陆海岸线空间位置与稳定性的演变规律,得出以下结论：① 中国海岸线空间位置变化以向海推进为主;② 中国海岸线多为相对稳定海岸线,其次为强烈岸进岸线,稳定性岸线全国均有分布,而强烈岸进岸线多分布于江苏和辽宁两省;③ 自1990年以来,中国大陆岸线的稳定性指数逐渐降低,22 a下降了1.1,以长江入海口为分界,南方沿海城市岸线稳定性指数高于北方。 相似文献
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10.
渤海莱州湾南岸潍河-弥河三角洲:沉积序列和沉积格架 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
潍河-弥河三角洲是一个由多条河流共同塑造的三角洲。前三角洲黏土质粉砂是各河流共同贡献的结果;每条河口之外形成各自的三角洲前缘,主要由极细砂组成;河口间湾沉积物是两条相邻河流共同塑造的,主要为黏土质粉砂。由于河口位置的侧向摆动,三角洲前缘极细砂和河口间湾黏土质粉砂会交替出现。7000a B. P. 以来向海进积20~55km,在海岸附近三角州沉积物厚度超过20m。 相似文献
11.
华南与中南半岛三角洲发育特征之比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
韩江、珠江、红河、湄公河、湄南河三角洲同处东亚季风热带。河流丰水少沙,径流强劲, 洪枯流量比值大,洪泛平原和湿地发育,有珊瑚礁和红树林堆积,平原推进速率较大,出海口门多,这些都是热带三角洲的特色。各三角洲的构造基础都是断陷盆地,由于断陷的幅度和时代不相同,故而第四系的厚度和年龄差异很大。受全球海平面变化的影响,末次冰期以来,各三角洲经历了相似的沉积过程,发育3期三角洲。所处位置(湾内或湾外)、滨外陆架坡度、海洋动力等条件,使各三角洲的地貌类型、地面高程、平原推进速率、水下三角洲、水动力类型等有较大的差异。 相似文献
12.
Andrew S. Cohen Manuel R. Palacios-Fest James McGill Peter W. Swarzenski Dirk Verschuren Robert Sinyinza Tharcisse Songori Bombi Kakagozo Mutanga Syampila Catherine M. O’Reilly Simone R. Alin 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,34(1):1-18
We investigated paleolimnological records from a series of river deltas around the northeastern rim of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa (Tanzania and Burundi) in order to understand the history of anthropogenic activity in the lakes catchment over the last several centuries, and to determine the impact of these activities on the biodiversity of littoral and sublittoral lake communities. Sediment pollution caused by increased rates of soil erosion in deforested watersheds has caused significant changes in aquatic communities along much of the lakes shoreline. We analyzed the effects of sediment discharge on biodiversity around six deltas or delta complexes on the east coast of Lake Tanganyika: the Lubulungu River delta, Kabesi River delta, Nyasanga/Kahama River deltas, and Mwamgongo River delta in Tanzania; and the Nyamuseni River delta and Karonge/Kirasa River deltas in Burundi. Collectively, these deltas and their associated rivers were chosen to represent a spectrum of drainage-basin sizes and disturbance levels. By comparing deltas that are similar in watershed attributes (other than disturbance levels), our goal was to explore a series of historical experiments at the watershed scale, with which we could more clearly evaluate hypotheses of land use or other effects on nearshore ecosystems. Here we discuss these deltas, their geologic and physiographic characteristics, and the field procedures used for coring and sampling the deltas, and various indicators of anthropogenic impact. 相似文献
13.
The dynamics of sediment feeding into rift basins and the geomorphologic nature of source areas are critical elements in understanding the evolution of rifted basins. This study integrates seismic, well and geochronologic data on the western dipslope of the Raoyang Sag, a rift associated sub-basin to the larger Bohai Bay Basin of China to define the history of drainage development for the basin and to assess the sedimentologic response to drainage evolution events. In the Paleogene-age Lixian Slope, as indicated by paleo-drainage configuration, progradational seismic geometries, compositional maturity and zircon-tourmaline-rutile maturity index trends, three drainages; the paleo-Daqing River, paleo-Tang River and paleo-Dasha River drainages were feeding three closely spaced hanging wall deltaic depositional systems; Delta A fed from the northwest, Delta B fed from the west and Delta C fed from the southwest, respectively. From the late Eocene to early Oligocene, a decrease in sediment-flux into the hanging wall is documented and petrographic analysis is used to link these changes to stream-capture in the upstream catchment of the Daqing River. This change is coupled with morphologic changes in the geometries of Deltas A and C, both of which show decreasing deltaic areas, changes in lobe geometry and changes in distributary channel sizes. In addition, the progradational direction of Delta C changes from perpendicular-to-the-rift axis to prograding oblique-to-the-rift axis. It is apparent that the progradation and retrogradational changes in rift margin deltas do not happen in isolation, but such changes can affect growth and progradation direction in adjacent deltas. This work shows that the decrease in sediment-flux, caused by a drainage capture, will result in a decrease in distributary channel size and delta size and may result in upstream deltas taking advantage of such decreasing confinement to prograde more obliquely to the rift axis. 相似文献
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Documenting the history of catchment deforestation using paleolimnological data involves understanding both the timing and magnitude of change in the input of erosional products to the downstream lake. These products include both physically-eroded soil and the byproducts of burning, primarily charcoal, which arise from both intentional and climatically-induced changes in fire frequency. As a part of the Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Projects special study on sedimentation, we have investigated the sedimentological composition of seven dated cores from six deltas or delta complexes along the east coast of Lake Tanganyika: the Lubulungu River delta, the Kabesi River delta, the Nyasanga/Kahama River delta, and the Mwamgongo River delta in Tanzania, and the Nyamusenyi River delta and Karonge/Kirasa River delta in Burundi. Changes in sediment mass accumulation rates, composition, and charcoal flux in the littoral and sublittoral zones of the lake that can be linked to watershed disturbance factors in the deltas were examined. Total organic carbon accumulation rates, in particular, are strongly linked to higher sediment mass accumulation from terrestrial sources, and show striking mid-20th century increases at disturbed watershed deltas that may indicate a connection between increased watershed erosion and increased nearshore productivity. However, changes in sedimentation patterns are not solely correlated with the 20th century period of increasing human population in the basin. Fire activity, as recorded by charcoal accumulation rates, was also elevated during arid intervals of the 13th–early 19th centuries. Some differences between northern and southern sedimentation histories appear to be correlated with different histories of human population in central Tanzania in contrast with northern Tanzania and Burundi. 相似文献
16.
Modeling the growth limit of the Changjiang Delta 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
River deltas grow in response to sediment discharge from the land. It is not clear, however, whether or not there is a limit for such growth. Conceptual geometric models are used in this paper, in association with the principle of mass conservation, in an attempt to answer this question. Preliminary analyses of the Changjiang Delta indicate that delta growth is constrained by a number of factors: the original topography/bathymetry, sediment supply, sediment retention in the estuary, sea-level rise, ground subsidence. The quantity of sediment supply per unit area and the Sediment Retention Index for the subaqueous delta decrease as the delta progrades towards deeper water, resulting in a decreasing rate of growth. The limit of growth is reached when the index approaches zero, i.e. the shoreline reaches the shelf edge. If the combined effect of sea-level rise and ground subsidence is considered together with decrease in the sediment discharge from land, the limit is reached at an earlier stage. For the Changjiang Delta, the model output (using hypothesized Sediment Retention Index estimates) implies that the delta growth will reach its limit in the near future. This will occur sooner if the sediment output of the river is reduced to 60% of its original level, in response to the upstream basin changes. Further knowledge, however, is required of the Retention Index, together with the information on future changes in river input and the character of the sediments in order to improve the accuracy of the simulations. 相似文献
17.
黄河三角洲岸线及现行河口区水下地形演变 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据实测的岸线和水深数据,利用Surfer 和Mapinfo 等软件进行数据处理,结合不同阶段利津站输沙量,分析了黄河三角洲岸线及现行河口区水下地形演变。结果表明:1953-2000年,68%左右的入海泥沙淤积在口门和滨海区。由于入海流路变迁,不同岸段的岸线变化具有各自的特征。刁口河流路以西岸线基本稳定;刁口河流路以东—孤东油田以北岸线经历先淤后冲,属于强侵蚀岸段,但在防潮大堤的保护下得到人为控制下的稳定;清水沟流路形成的岸线整体向海淤进,但清8 出汊后,清水沟老河口沙嘴南侧出现侵蚀。1976-1996 年,现行河口(清水沟流路) 水下地形总体上表现为淤积,顶坡段变缓,前坡段变陡。1996-2005 年,清水沟老河口水下地形顶坡段和前坡段发生侵蚀,底坡段呈现淤积;出汊新河口水下地形继续淤积,但程度和范围都比1976-1996 年的小。孤东油田近岸侵蚀加剧。 相似文献
18.
The Yellow River is unique among the major rivers of the world because of its extremely heavy sediment load in relation to its small discharge. The Yellow River has changed courses numerous times during the past 5000 to 6000 years. With its large sediment load, most of which comes from the Loess Plateau of central China, the river has created a number of deltas along the coast of northern China. The abandoned deltas are eroding, whereas the present delta being formed in Bohai Bay is growing rapidly. Human activity, including extensive agriculture, heavy water consumption, the use of river-control structures, and war, has been responsible for many of the changes occurring in the Yellow River and its delta. [Key words: hydrology, loess, floods, Yellow River, Bohai Bay, China.] 相似文献
19.
废黄河三角洲的演变* 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
本文主要根据历史文献,论述1194～1855年的古黄河口泥沙堆积形式、速率及其沉积特点,并探讨了废黄河三角洲形成机理和类型,以及尾闾变迁对下游河道的影响。认为在黄河南流夺准入黄海过程中,河口和三角洲发育具有明显的阶段性;前、后两期形成不同类型的三角洲,前期为径流一潮汐型,后期转化为径流一波浪型;后期河口迅速延伸,河口基准面相对抬升所引起的溯源淤积可达河南境内。 相似文献
20.
Integrating remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) and fractal theory, change characteristics of tidal flats and tidal creeks in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta over the period of 1986-2001 were discussed. The results show that evolutions of tidal fiats throughout the Huanghe River Delta are influenced by various factors, and that progressive succession and regression of tidal flats concur in different coastal segments of the delta. Human activities have played an increasingly important role in the succession process of tidal flats. Due to land reclamation in coastal zones of the delta in the last 15 years, lots of tidal flats were occupied, the artificial coastline migrated seaward (the maximum change rate was 0.8 kmyr^-1) and tidal creeks became sparser (the highest decreasing rate of length of tidal creeks was 14.9 kmyr^-1). Except for two coastal segments from the Tiaohe Estuary to the 106 Station and from the south of the Huanghe River mouth to the north of the Xiaodao River Estuary,fractal dimension values of tidal creeks in the remaining coastal segments of the delta decreased. In addition, the time dimension, sediment fluxes into the sea, waves and tidal-currents have profound influences on the evolution process of tidal flats. Four types of tidal flats-river-dominated tidal flats,tide-dominated tidal flats, wave-dominated tidal flats and man-dominated tidal flats can be identified.Owing to the intensification of human activities in coastal zones of the delta, man-dominated tidal flats have become the main kind of tidal flats. 相似文献