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Elsayed M.YOUNIS 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(3):696-704
The effects of rearing temperature on white muscle and hepatic phosphofructokinase(PFK),pyruvate kinase(PK),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were examined in fingerlings of blue tilapia,O reochromis aureus. The experiment was conducted for 14 weeks at temperatures of 18,22,26,30,and 34°C. The activity of the glycolytic enzymes PFK,PK,and LDH in white muscle increased significantly with increase in water temperature. A reverse trend was observed for these enzymes in the liver,except for LDH,which behaved in the same manner as in white muscle. Cytosolic AST and ALT activity increased in both white muscle and liver in response to warm thermal acclimatization,while a reduction in mitochondrial AST and ALT activity was noticed at high temperatures in comparison with those at a lower temperature. 相似文献
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LIUManhong GAOTianxiang ZHANGXiumei CHENSiqing 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(1):43-48
To investigate the tissue-specificities of isozymes and the genetic structure of wild spotted halibut ( Verasper variegatus) population, horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was performed on 45 individuals collected in part of the Yellow Sea. The performances of 17 isozymes in 8 kinds of tissues or organs were screened preliminarily in a TC-7.0 buffer system. The results showed that the screened isozymes displayed remarkable tissue-specificities. Finally, 14 enzymes (AAT, ADH, EST, GPI, G3PDH, IDHP, LAP, LDH, MDH, MPI, PGDH, PGM, SDH and SOD) and 4 kinds of tissues (eye, skeleton muscle, liver and heart) were selected for genetic analysis. Fourteen isozymes are encoded by 20 loci, and 9 of them are poly-morphic. The polymorphic loci are AAT-1*, GPI-2*, G3PDH*, IDHP-1*, LDH*, MPI*, PGM-1*, PGM-2* and SDH*, and the proportion of polymorphic loci is 0.450 0 (P0.99). The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosities are 0.027 8 and 0.026 5, respectively and the average effective number of alleles is 1.067 5. 相似文献
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The persistence of malachite green (MG), and its metabolite leucomalachite green (LMG), in fish tissues is still unclear, leading to many trade disputes. In this research, we established and evaluated an HPLC method that could detect MG and LMG simultaneously, and then investigated the persistence of these two toxins in the tissues of juvenile perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) post sub-chronic MG exposure at 1.0 mg/L. Exposure lasted for 2 h everyday and was repeated six times. The perch were then placed in MG-free seawater for 100 d to eliminate the toxins. Results show that MG accumulated in the tissues, including the gills, liver, muscle, blood and viscera, and then was metabolized rapidly to LMG. The concentrations of these two toxins increased significantly with the accumulation process. In general, the highest concentrations of MG and LMG in all tissue exceeded 1 000 μg/kg, except for MG in the muscle. The order of accumulation levels (highest to lowest) of MG was gill>blood>liver>viscera>muscle, while that of LMG was liver>blood>gill>viscera>muscle. High levels of MG or LMG could persist for several hours but decreased rapidly during the elimination process. The concentration of LMG was much higher than that of MG during the experiment, especially in the gill, liver and blood. Therefore, the three tissues play important roles in toxin accumulation, biotransformation, and elimination. Although the MG and LMG concentrations in muscle were much lower than in other tissues, the content still exceeded the European minimum required performance limit (MRPL), even after 2 400 h (100 d) of elimination. This demonstrates that it is extremely difficult to eliminate MG and LMG from tissues of perch, and therefore use of these toxins is of concern to public health. 相似文献
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Optical coherence tomography(OCT)and Raman spectroscopy(RS)can be complementary biological tissue optical analysis methods.To study the internal structure and tissue compositions of biological samples,an OCT-RS system was built to carry out OCT section imaging and RS analysis in common.Neocaridina denticulate sinensis were collected regularly for morphological observation by OCT imaging and biochemical investigation based on the Raman spectra.The internal structure of the N.denticulate sinensis was imaged by OCT,and the morphology of the tissues and the position in the body were distinguished according to the gray scale changes.The imaging depth along the vertical direction of Z-axis in N.denticulate sinensis is about 1.60 mm.RS detection was selectively performed based on the OCT images.The main Raman peaks of the rostrum,the cephalothorax,the abdominal segment,and the telson section are at 1006,1156,1447,1491 and 1515 cm-1,which are identified as proteins and amino acids.The presence of 1497 cm-1 at the cephalothorax is different from other parts,probably due to the presence of organs such as ovary,whose compositions are different from those of other tissues.The combination of optical coherence tomography and Raman spectroscopy can provide information about morphological and biochemical features of tissues,and has potential applications in biomedical detection and imaging. 相似文献
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JIANG Jie LIN Hong FU Xiaoting LI Mingming 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(3):248-251
The use of synthetic anabolic steroid methyltestosterone （MT） as growth promoter is prohibited in China. Validations of analytical methods for MT residue in food and the results obtained have become indispensable. The high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method for the detection of MT with liquid-liquid extraction by trichloromethanemethanol in carp muscle tissue was preliminarily validated with reference to the following parameters： recovery （accuracy） at the 1, 5 and 10 mgkg^-1 level, between-run and within-run CV values （repeatability, also called relative standard deviation （RSD）） and limit of detection. The recoveries were above 80% and the between-run and within-run CV values below 10% for muscle tissue. The limit of detection was 0.05 mgkg^-1. 相似文献
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Small heat shock proteins encompass a widespread but diverse class of proteins,which play key roles in protecting organisms from various stressors.In the present study,the full-length cDNAs of two small heat shock proteins(MgsHSP22 and MgsHSP24.1)were cloned from Mytilus galloprovincialis,which encoded peptides of 181 and 247 amino acids,respectively.Both MgsHSP22 and MgsHSP24.1 were detected in all tissues examined by real-time PCR,with the highest expression being observed in muscle and gonad tissues.The real-time PCR results revealed that Cd signifi cantly inhibited MgsHSP22 expression at 24 h and MgsHSP24.1 at 24 and 48 h under 5 μg/L Cd 2 + exposure.MgsHSP24.1 expression was also signifi cantly inhibited after 50 μg/L Cd 2+ exposure for 48 h.With regard to antioxidant enzymes,increased GPx and CAT activity were detected under Cd 2+ stress(5 and 50 μg/L),while no signifi cant difference in SOD activity was observed throughout the experiment.Overall,both MgsHsps and antioxidant enzymes revealed their potential as Cd stress biomarkers in M.galloprovincialis. 相似文献
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Abstract Zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu） concentrations were determined in the tissues （muscle, stomach, liver, gills, skin, and gonads） of five commercial fish species （mullet Liza haematocheilus, flathead Platycephalus indicus, mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, silver pomfret Pampus argenteus, and sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus） from Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea. Metal bioaccumulation was highest in the metabolically active tissues of the gonads and liver. Bioconcentration factors for Zn were higher in all tissues （gonads 44.35, stomach 7.73, gills 7.72, liver 5.61, skin 4.88, and muscle 1.63） than the corresponding values for Cu （gonads 3.50, stomach 3.00, gills 1.60, liver 5.43, skin 1.50, and muscle 0.93）. Mackerel tissues accumulated metal to higher concentrations than did other fish species, but bioaccumulation levels were not significantly correlated with the trophic levels of the fish. Zn and Cu concentrations in the tissues were generally negatively correlated with fish length, except for a few tissues of sea bass. Risk assessment based on national and international permissible limits and provisional tolerances for weekly intake of Zn and Cu revealed that the concentrations of these two metals in muscle were relatively low and would not pose hazards to human health. 相似文献
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High temperature influences the homeostasis of fish.We investigated the effects of elevated temperature on tissues of Japanese flounder {Paralichthys olivaceus) by analyzing the histology and heat shock protein 70(hsp70) expression of fish reared in warm conditions.In this study,temperature was increased at l±0.5℃/day starting at 24±0.5℃,and was kept at that temperature for 5 days before the next rise.After raising temperature at the rate up to 32±0.5℃,tissue samples from midgut,spleen,stomach,liver,muscle,gill,heart,trunk kidney and brain were collected for histological analysis and mRNA assay.Almost all the tissues showed changes in morphological structure and hsp70 level at 32±0.5℃.Histological assessment of the tissues indicated that the gill had the most serious damage,including highly severe epithelial lifting and edema,curved tips and hyperemia at the ending of the lamellars,desquamation and necrosis.The next most severe damage was found in liver and kidney.The hsp70 levels in all the tissues first increased and then decreased.The gut,stomach,muscle,heart,and brain had the highest expressions in 6 h,whereas the spleen,liver,gill and kidney had the highest expressions in 2 h.Therefore,tissues with the most significant lesions(especially gill and liver) responded much earlier(2 h) in hsp70 expression than other tissues,and these tissues demonstrated the most marked histological disruption and elevated mRNA levels,making them ideal candidates for further studies on the thermal physiology of this species. 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,(4)
This study was conducted to compare lipid and fatty acid composition of cod, haddock and halibut.Three groups of cod (276 g±61 g), haddock (538 g±83 g) and halibut (3704 g±221 g) were maintained with commercial feeds mainly based on fish meal and marine fish oil for 12 weeks prior to sampling.The fatty acid compositions of muscle and liver were determined by GC/FID after derivatization of extracted lipids into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).Lipids were also fractionated into neutral and polar lipids using Waters silica Sep-Pak.The phospholipid fraction was further separated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and the FAME profile was obtained.Results of the present study showed that cod and haddock were lean fish and their total muscle lipid contents were 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively, with phospholipid constituting 83.6% and 87.5% of the total muscle lipid, respectively.Halibut was a medium-fat fish and its muscle lipid content was 8%, with 84% of the total muscle lipid being neutral lipid.Total liver lipid contents of cod, haddock and halibut were 36.9%, 67.2% and 30.7%, respectively, of which the neutral lipids accounted for the major fraction (88.1%-97.1%).Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant in cod and haddock muscle neutral lipid.Monounsaturated fatty acid level was the highest in halibut muscle neutral lipid.Fatty acid compositions of phospholipid were relatively constant.In summary, the liver of cod and haddock as lean fish was the main lipid reserve organ, and structural phospholipid is the major lipid form in flesh.However, as a medium-fat fish, halibut stored lipid in both their liver and muscle. 相似文献
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WANG Qi XUE Changhu LI Zhaojie FU Xueyan XU Jie XUE Yong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(4):407-412
The changes in the contents of adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) and its related breakdown compounds were investigated in the adductor muscle, mantle, gill and body trunk of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) during frozen storage at -20℃ and -30℃ and compared with that of the fresh oyster. The investigation was performed using an HPLC system. Different extents of ATP decomposi- tion were found in various tissues frozen at the two temperatures. The K, K’ and A.E.C values were calculated as the chemical fresh- ness indices. Considering the results of sensory evaluation, the A.E.C. value in body trunk at -20℃ and -30℃ could be used as the best freshness index for frozen oyster. 相似文献
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Environmental changes, such as ocean acidification and eutrophication, have created threats to kelp mariculture. In this study, the growth, photosynthesis, respiration and nutrient composition of Saccharina japonica were evaluated at different levels of pCO_2(400 and 800 μL L~(-1)) and nutrients(nutrient-enriched and non-enriched seawater). Elevated pCO_2 decreased the relative growth rate(RGR), net photosynthetic rate and contents of tissue carbon and tissue nitrogen under non-enriched nutrient conditions, but it had no significant effect on these parameters under nutrient-enriched conditions. The dark respiration rate was positively affected by elevated pCO_2 regardless of the nutrient conditions. However, the C:N was unaffected by elevated pCO_2 at both nutrient levels. These results implied that ocean acidification could reduce the production and nutrient contents in the tissues of S. japonica, which was associated with nutrient conditions. 相似文献
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Turbot Scophthalmus maximus, an important aquaculture species in China, currently suffers from epizootic diseases because of high density aquaculture. Enrofloxacin has been used to treat various systemic bacterial fish infections. However, studies concerning the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in turbot are limited. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin, were investigated in the turbot following intravenous and oral administration at 10 mg enrofloxacin/kg body weight, at 16°C and 10°C water temperatures. The concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the main tissues (plasma, muscle, liver and kidney) were detected by HPLC. The results show that the plasma concentration-time data for enrofloxacin were best described as a two-compartment open model after intravenous and oral administration. Three pharmacokinetic equations were established between the concentrations and temperatures. The kinetic profile of enrofloxacin was temperature dependent. The absorption half-life of enrofloxacin was 1.99 h and 2.17 h after oral administration, whereas the elimination half-life of the drug was 98.63 h and 136.59 h at 16°C and 10°C, respectively. The peak concentration of enrofloxacin in plasma and tissues was higher at 16°C than that at 10°C, and the peak plasma concentration time in the liver was the shortest at both temperatures among those of other tissues. The plasma C max /MIC ratio varied between 11.08 and 5 540.00 at 16°C; and between 7.92 and 3 960.00 at 10°C. The AUC/MIC ratio was 467.82-280 690.00 at 16°C, and 359.48-215 690.00 at 10°C. These ratios indicate that it is possible to obtain therapeutic efficacy. Very low levels of ciprofloxacin were detected. The AUC ratios of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin in plasma suggest that plasma ciprofloxacin might play a minor role in enrofloxacin treatment for turbot. 相似文献
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Information regarding antioxidant enzymes in amphioxus remains lacking, and this study was carried out to examine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in different genders and tissues of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. Results show that (1) CuZn-SOD, CAT and GPX activities in the whole amphioxus B. belcheri tsing- tauense were basically at the same levels in male and female amphioxus, whereas both T-SOD and Mn-SOD activities in male amphioxus were significantly higher than that in the female (P<0.05); (2) The testis had significantly higher T-SOD and CuZn-SOD activities than the ovary (P<0.05); (3) CuZn-SOD activity was undetectable in the guts of male and female amphioxus; (4) For both male and female am- phioxus, the activities of CAT and GPX in the gonads including testis and ovary were the lowest (P<0.05) among the tissues examined; (5) The gut and gill had the same level GPX activities while the gut had a higher CAT activity; (6) There was no clear difference in CAT and GPX activities in the corresponding tissues between male and female amphioxus. The study on SOD, CAT and GPX activities in different genders and tissues of the protochordate provides data for future comparison of amphioxus antioxidant enzymes with those of invertebrates and vertebrates. 相似文献
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