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1.
滇东北麻栗坪铅锌矿床微量元素分布与赋存状态:LA-ICPMS研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
位于扬子板块西南缘的"川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区"是我国西南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分,麻栗坪铅锌矿床位于该矿集区昭通-曲靖成矿带中段,是近年来滇东北地区新发现的铅锌矿床。本文以麻栗坪铅锌矿不同硫化物为研究对象,通过LA-ICPMS原位点测试和元素Mapping分析,尝试揭示该矿床中Ge、Cd和In等微量元素在不同硫化物中分布规律与赋存状态。本次研究发现,麻栗坪矿床不同硫化物中富集的微量元素明显不同,闪锌矿主要富集Mn、Cu、Sn、Cd、In和Ge,而方铅矿主要富集Ag、Sb和Se,黄铁矿则富集As、Co和Ni。闪锌矿是分散元素Ge、In和Cd的主要载体矿物,且Cd、Ge、In、Mn、As、Sb和Ag以类质同象形式赋存于闪锌矿中;而Cu则主要以类质同象形式存在,部分Cu以黄铜矿的显微包裹体形式赋存于闪锌矿中,其中以类质同象赋存于闪锌矿中Cu和Ge呈现明显的相关性,可能暗示其与Zn的置换方式为:3Zn2+Ge4++2Cu+。总体上,该矿床闪锌矿以富集Cd、Ge,贫Fe、Mn、Co、Sn为特征,这些微量元素组成与典型MVT型矿床基本一致,明显有别于喷流沉积和岩浆热液型矿床,而与中低温条件下形成的闪锌矿微量元素组成相似。结合该矿床后生成矿特征明显等地质地球化学研究成果,我们认为该矿床应属于MVT型铅锌矿床。值得注意的是,该矿床闪锌矿相对富集In,可能暗示其形成具有特殊性,这可能与其成矿流体在长距离运移过程中所流经地层有关,该类流体活化萃取了基底地层的中-酸性岩浆岩或火山碎屑岩中的In,致使矿床中闪锌矿相对富集In。 相似文献
2.
锗(Ge)是我国的一种优势战略性关键矿产,闪锌矿是其主要载体和重要工业来源之一。尽管前人对闪锌矿富锗有了较为深刻的认识,但是对其中锗的替代方式和超常富集机制仍缺乏深入理解。位于扬子地块西南缘的川滇黔铅锌矿集区是我国最重要的锗和铅锌资源基地之一,区内的乌斯河大型铅锌矿床(5.4Mt@8.6%Zn,2.0%Pb)显著超常富锗(铅锌矿石中Ge平均品位为72.3×10~(-6),闪锌矿中Ge含量高达1934×10~(-6))。何种因素制约该矿床中锗的超常富集亟待解密。乌斯河矿床发育两期闪锌矿,早期闪锌矿(Sp1)单偏光下呈白色-棕黑色,发育半自形细粒结构,浸染状构造;晚期闪锌矿(Sp2)单偏光下呈白色-红色或灰色-棕黑色,发育自形-半自形细-粗粒结构,块状或脉状构造。激光剥蚀耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)闪锌矿原位微量元素含量分析结果显示,闪锌矿中Ge含量为3.17×10~(-6)～1934×10~(-6),平均563×10~(-6),相对Ge的地壳丰度(1.5×10~(-6))具有显著超常富集特征(高达1000倍)。闪锌矿中Ge与Fe、Cu、Ag、Pb具有正相关关系,而与Cd呈负相关性。元素面扫描(Mapping)结果显示,闪锌矿中Ge主要以类质同象形式存在,且Ge与Fe、Cu、Ag、Pb、Cd等元素相关关系与含量分析结果一致。结构相似度计算结果进一步显示,Sp1中Ge与Ag相关程度最高,而Sp2中Ge与Cu相关系数最大,暗示结构相似度计算在比较元素相关关系中有较大的应用潜力。然而,乌斯河矿床闪锌矿中Cu、Ag含量常低于Ge含量,且(Ge/Cu) mol和(Ge/Ag) mol比值变化范围大,所以单一的元素相关程度分析并不能完全解决Ge替代方式问题。综合研究认为,该矿床闪锌矿中Ge替代方式与Cu、Ag等元素关系不大,而是直接替代Zn(Ge(4+)■2Zn~(2+)或Ge~(2+)■Zn~(2+))。另外,乌斯河矿床同一闪锌矿颗粒不同部位(如扇形分区和振荡环带) Ge含量变化显著,暗示Ge的超常富集很可能受闪锌矿的沉淀速率和结晶过程控制,而Sp1与Sp2中Ge含量的明显差异,则很可能与成矿流体演化过程流体成分和成矿物理化学条件改变有关。因此,乌斯河大型锗铅锌矿床锗的超常富集是流体成分、物化条件、沉淀速率和结晶过程等多要素耦合作用特殊地球化学过程的结果,并受到矿物和矿床等不同尺度苛刻成矿条件的影响。 相似文献
3.
The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou (SYG) Pb-Zn metallogenic province, located in southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block, is an important part of the large-scale low-temperature metallogenic domain in southwestern China. The Maliping Pb-Zn deposit, situated in the central part of Zhaotong-Qujing metallogenic belt, was found in northeastern Yunnan Province recently. The orebody is hosted in Late Cambrian Yuhucun Formation, occurring as stratabound, tense and venis. The mineral assemblage of the Maliping deposit is relatively simple. The main sulfide minerals are sphalerite and galena with minor pyrite. Gangue minerals include mainly dolomite, calcite, quartz and barite. LA-ICPMS spots and mapping analysis for the different sulfides from Maliping Pb-Zn deposit, and the distribution and existing forms of germanium, cadmium, indium and other trace elements were investigated. The results show that different sulfides are characterized by different contents of trace elements. Mn, Cu, Sn, Cd, In and Ge are mainly enriched in sphalerite, while galena from this deposit is enrichment of Ag, Sb and Se, and pyrite is characterized by enrichment of As, Co and Ni. Comparing with the content of dispersed elements in different sulfides, the results indicate that sphalerite is the primary carrier mineral of Ge, In and Cd. Cd, Ge, In, Mn, As, Sb and Ag occur as isomorphous substitution in the sphalerite, and Cu mostly exists in sphalerite as isomorphism but part of Cu occurs as micro-inclusions (chalcopyrite) in sphalerite. Considered the distinct positive relationship between Cu and Ge, the results imply that the substitution mechanism of Ge and Cu is possibly 3Zn(2+) <-> Ge4+ + 2Cu(+). Additionally, sphalerite from Maliping Pb-Zn deposit is characterized by enrichment of Cd, Ge and depleted in Mn, Fe, Co and Sn which coincides with the feature of MVT Pb-Zn deposit and differs from the sedimentary-exhalative deposit and magmatic-hydrothermal deposit. On account of the geological features, other geochemical researches and its ore-forming temperature belonging to low temperature, it is suggested that the Maliping deposit belongs to an MVT Pb-Zn deposit. Notably, we imply that ore-forming fluid extracted indium of magmatic and volcaniclastic rocks from the metamorphic basement, resulting in the enrichment of indium in sphalerite from the deposit. 相似文献
4.
云南富乐铅锌矿床黄铁矿微量(稀散)元素组成及成因信息:LA-ICPMS研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
川滇黔铅锌矿集区是华南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分,区内铅锌矿床是否属于MVT型矿床长期存在争议。该区铅锌矿床以富集Ge等稀散元素为特征,闪锌矿是其主要载体矿物,但稀散元素在黄铁矿中是否富集、赋存状态及微量元素组成特征等研究基本属于空白。本文通过LA-ICPMS研究富乐黄铁矿中微量元素(尤其是稀散元素)的富集特征,发现黄铁矿中也相对富集Ge。本研究样品选自富乐矿床的富乐和富盛两个矿段,包括1350、1410和1536三个中段(由深到浅),LAICPMS分析结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿以富集Cu、As、Co、Ni为特征,局部富集Pb(Sb)和Zn(以方铅矿和闪锌矿显微包裹体形式赋存于黄铁矿中),该类黄铁矿富集的稀散元素主要为Se、Ge及少量Tl、Te,而Cd和In以类质同象形式赋存于含Zn的显微包裹体(闪锌矿)中,类质同象是其余稀散元素主要赋存形式,且黄铁矿中Ge与Cu存在较好相关关系,可能存在Cu~(2+)+Ge~(2+)?2Fe~(2+)耦合置换方式。此外,黄铁矿中稀散元素的富集与成矿元素(特别是Cu)的富集密切相关,随着成矿作用的进行,从矿体深部到浅部,成矿温度逐渐降低,Se/Te比值逐渐升高,且稀散元素与成矿元素呈逐渐增加趋势。研究表明,该矿床黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值基本都小于1. 00,暗示其属于沉积改造型黄铁矿,在Co-Ni和稀散元素Se-Tl含量投影图上,富乐矿床黄铁矿的投影点与MVT型矿床投影区基本一致,而明显有别于SEDEX、VMS和矽卡岩型矿床中黄铁矿的投影区,结合富乐矿床类似于MVT型的地质特征,我们认为富乐矿床属于MVT型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
5.
Development of a Matrix‐Matched Sphalerite Reference Material (MUL‐ZnS‐1) for Calibration of In Situ Trace Element Measurements by Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry 
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下载免费PDF全文 Peter Onuk Frank Melcher Regina Mertz‐Kraus Hans‐Eike Gäbler Simon Goldmann 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2017,41(2):263-272
Sphalerite (ZnS) is an abundant ore mineral and an important carrier of elements such as Ge, Ga and In used in high‐technology applications. In situ measurements of trace elements in natural sphalerite samples using LA‐ICP‐MS are hampered by a lack of homogenous matrix‐matched sulfide reference materials available for calibration. The preparation of the MUL‐ZnS1 calibration material containing the trace elements V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Tl and Pb besides Zn, Fe and S is reported. Commercially available ZnS, FeS, CdS products were used as the major components, whereas the trace elements were added by doping with single‐element ICP‐MS standard solutions and natural mineral powders. The resulting powder mixture was pressed to pellets and sintered at 400 °C for 100 h using argon as an inert gas. To confirm the homogeneity of major and trace element distributions within the MUL‐ZnS1 calibration material, measurements were performed using EPMA, solution ICP‐MS, ICP‐OES and LA‐ICP‐MS. The results show that MUL‐ZnS‐1 is an appropriate material for calibrating trace element determination in sphalerite using LA‐ICP‐MS. 相似文献
6.
Indium-bearing tin-polymetallic base metal deposits in Japan (Toyoha, Ashio and Akenobe), China (Dulong and Dachang), and Bolivia (Potosi, Huari Huari, Bolivar and Porco), were studied using femto-second Laser Ablation ICPMS (fsLA-ICPMS) and EPMA analyses for major and minor elements in sphalerite, paying special attention to In concentrations.Sphalerite is a principal mineral in these tin-polymetallic deposits and a broad range of In concentration is measured in the ores. There are distinct differences in mode of occurrence of the sphalerite and the distribution of In. The highest In concentration (up to 18 wt.%) occur as a Zn–In mineral within black sphalerite zones in an oscillatory-zoned sphalerite from the Huari Huari deposits. Additionally, jamesonite from the Huari Huari deposit also contains anomalous In values, ranging from several hundreds to thousands μg/g. Sphalerite from the Toyoha and the other Bolivian deposits are characterized by oscillatory and chemical zoning, whereas those from Akenobe and the Chinese deposits are represented by homogeneous distribution of In. The 1000In/Zn values of sphalerite are in good agreement with those of the ore grade for each of the selected tin polymetallic deposits indicating that sphalerite is the principal host of In.The In-bearing sphalerite principally involves the combined coupled substitutions (2Zn2 +) ↔ (Cu+, In3 +), (3Zn2 +) ↔ (Cu+, Ag+, Sn4 +) and (3Zn2 +) ↔ (2Cu+, Sn4 +). The first of these is apparent in sphalerite from Huari Huari and Bolivar, whereas the second is prominent in sphalerite from Toyoha, Ashio, Potosi, Porco and Dachang. Akenobe and Dulong sphalerite features the dominant coupled substitution of (2Zn2 +) ↔ (Cu+ or Ag+, In3 +), owing to their poor Sn content. Occasionally, sub-micron inclusions of minerals such as stannite and Pb–Sb-bearing sulfides can occur in sphalerite, contributing to high Cu–Sn and high-Ag contents, respectively. The observed correlations of each element in the In–Cu–Ag–Sn-bearing sphalerite can be proposed as a fundamental reason for the indium enrichment related to sulfur-rich oxidized magmatism. In addition, the Ag content in sphalerite is considered a possible indicator of formation depth, which ranges from plutonic to subvolcanic environments. 相似文献
7.
黄岗梁铁锡矿床位于大兴安岭中南段晚古生代增生造山带。矿区内闪锌矿产于矽卡岩中,可分为浸染状和层纹状闪锌矿。本文对两种闪锌矿进行了高精度LA-ICP-MS元素含量测试,结果表明矿区两种闪锌矿具有相同成因特征,闪锌矿中Mn、Cu、As、In较富集,Ga、Ge、Cd含量较低,而As、Sn、Bi、Pb含量变化较大。Cu、Sn、Bi、Pb等元素在闪锌矿中以独立矿物赋存,Mn、Fe、Ga、Ge、Cd、In、Sb以类质同像形式赋存在闪锌矿晶格中。In/Ga、In/Ge比值较低,Zn/Cd比值为233~250,指示闪锌矿形成于中高温环境。Cd/Fe、Cd/Mn比值分别小于0.1和0.5,指示闪锌矿成因与岩浆活动有关,In Ge特征图解也指示其矽卡岩成因。通过与国内外典型矿床闪锌矿微量元素特征对比,结合矿床地质特征认为黄岗梁铁锡矿床中闪锌矿属于与燕山期岩浆作用有关的中高温矽卡型闪锌矿。 相似文献
8.
云南会泽铅锌矿是中国最重要的富锗铅锌矿床之一,已探明伴生锗金属量525 t,但锗赋存状态研究仍然存在颇大争议。文章以会泽铅锌矿床硫化物为研究对象,开展了锗的赋存状态和元素替代机制研究。通过资料收集、野外调查与室内分析,文章查明该矿床锗主要富集在闪锌矿中;富锗闪锌矿可划分为3个世代,其中第三世代闪锌矿锗的富集程度最高,其次为第一世代闪锌矿,第二世代闪锌矿锗富集程度最低;表明闪锌矿结晶顺序并非控制闪锌矿中Ge元素含量的主导因素。Ge元素的富集受矿物沉淀时温度、硫逸度、流体中Ge的浓度等因素共同制约。具有环带结构的闪锌矿成分分析显示,深色部位锗含量通常高于浅色部位,同时锗含量高的部位铜元素含量也较高,推测深色部位与致色的铜离子含量增加有关。不同世代的闪锌矿及同一闪锌矿不同部位的Cu元素与Ge元素含量均具有高度正相关性,结合元素沉淀时的物理化学条件及Cu+、Ge2+与Zn2+的离子半径相近的特征,文章认为闪锌矿中锗元素替代机制主要为2Cu++Ge2+↔2Zn2+。该认识可为今后研究稀散金属锗超常富集机制奠定基础,也为提高锗综合利用率提供理论依据。 相似文献
9.
Indium and germanium in the structure of sphalerite: an example of coupled substitution with Copper 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Z. Johan 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,39(3-4):211-229
Summary The distribution of indium in sphalerite from hydrothermal veins in the Saint-Martinla-Sauveté district (Loire, France) was studied by microprobe. Several hundred analyses were carried out. Sphalerite, devoid of chalcopyrite inclusions, exhibits an oscillatory zoning which can be related to the variation of minor-element concentrations. Indium (up to 1.05 wt. %) is positively correlated with copper, and Cd with Fe. The distribution of these two pairs of elements is antithetic within (110) growth zones. In and Cu show a very complex distribution within some twinned sphalerite crystals and are preferentially concentrated in {111} growth zones. A variation of diffusion/growth velocity ratio is evoked to explain this behaviour. From core to rim of sphalerite crystals the Cd concentration decreases and that of In (and Cu) increases. This increase corresponds to the development of {111} faces, which become progressively more prominent. The slope of the regression line calculated from Cu and In values corresponding to In < 0.4 wt. % is subparallel to (Cu/In)at = 1. This indicates the substitution mechanism Cu(I) + In(III) 2 Zn(II). However, the Cu concentration is generally higher than required by this equation. Cuex rises toward the rim of sphalerite crystals; Cu-rich and In-free zones exist in some crystals. Cuex concentration is generally above the CuS solubility limit in sphalerite. It is suggested that Fe(III) could assume the local charge balance of Cu(I). This hypothesis is compatible with the rise of Cuex in late growth zones and with the late crystallization of chalcopyrite with respect to sphalerite observed in these deposits. Consequently, the incorporation of In and Cu in sphalerite from the Saint-Martin-la-Sauveté district is governed by the following equation: M(I) + M(III) 2 Zn(II), where M(I) = Cu; M(III) = In, Fe.The microprobe study of Ge-rich sphalerite from the Saint-Salvy deposit (Tarn, France) showed that germanium substitutes for Zn in the sphalerite structure. A strong positive correlation of Ge with Cu is observed. The regression line is subparallel to (Cu/Ge)at = 3, which implies the substitution mechanism: 2 Cu(I) + Cu(II) + Ge(IV) 4 Zn(II).Again a slight excess of copper (statistically 0.06 wt. %) is observed, which can be attributed to Fe(III) or to direct substitution of Zn(II) by Cu(II). The general substitution mechanism for trivalent and tetravalent elements in sphalerite may be written: (x + 2 y)M(I) + yM(II) + xM(III) + yM(IV) (4-4 y-2 x)Zn(II), where M(I) = Ag, Cu, M(II) = Cu, Fe, Cd, Hg, Zn; M(III) = In, Ga, Tl, Fe; M(IV) = Ge, Sn, Mo, W.
With 6 Figures 相似文献
Indium et germanium dans la structure de la sphalérite: exemple d'une substitution couplée avec le cuivre
Résumé La répartition de l'indium dans la sphalérite provenant des gisements filoniens du district de Saint-Martin-la-Sauveté (Loire, France), a été étudiée à la microsonde élec tronique. Plusieurs centaines d'analyses ont été effectuées. La sphalérite, exempte d'inclusions de chalcopyrite, présente un zonage oscillatoire qui peut être relié à des variations de la concentration d'éléments mineurs. L'indium (jusqu'à 1,05%p.) est positivement corrélé avec le cuivre et Cd l'est avec Fe. La distribution de ces deux paires d'éléments est antithétique, en particulier au sein des zones de croissance (110). Parfois, In et Cu présentent une répartition très complexe au sein des cristaux maclés de sphalérite. Par ailleurs, In et Cu sont de préférence concentrés dans les zones de croissance (111). La variation du rapport de diffusion-vitesse de croissance est évoquée pour expliquer ce comportement. La concentration de Cd décroit et celle de In (et Cu) augmente du centre vers la bordure des cristaux. Cette augmentation est concomitante du développement des faces {111} devenant de plus en plus proéminentes. La pente de la droite de régression calculée à partir des valeurs de Cu et In correspondant à In <0,4%p., est subparallèle à (Cu/In)at=1. Ceci indique un mécanisme de substitution Cu(I) + In(III) 2 Zn(II). Cependant, la teneur en Cu est généralement plus élevée à celle exigée par cette équation. Cue,, augmente vers la périphérie des cristaux de sphalérite; certains d'entre eux présentent des zones riches en Cu mais exemptes de In. La concentration de Cue,, est généralement supérieure à la limite de solubilité de CuS dans la sphalérite. On suggère que Fe(III) peut localement équilibrer la charge de Cu(l). Cette hypothèse est compatible à la fois avec l'augmentation de Cue,, dans les zones de croissance tardives et avec une cristallisation tardive de chalcopyrite par rapport à la sphalérite, observée dans ces gisements. Par conséquent, l'incorporation de In et Cudans la sphalérite provenant du district de Saint-Martin-la-Sauveté est régie par l'équation suivanteL'étude, à la microsonde électronique, de la sphalérite riche en Ge du gisement de Saint-Salvy (Tarn, France) a révélé que le germanium remplace Zn dans le réseau de la sphalérite. Une forte corrélation positive de Ge avec Cu a été mise en évidence. Ladroite de régression est subparallèle à (Cu/Ge)at = 3, impliquant le mécanisme de substitution suivant 2 Cu(I) + Cu(II) + Ge(IV) e 4 Zn(H).De nouveau, un léger excès de Cu (statistiquement 0,06%p.) est observé, imputable à Fe(III) ou à un remplacement direct de Zn(II) par Cu(II). D'une façon générale, le mécanisme de substitution d'éléments trivalents et tétravalents dans la structure de la sphalérite peut s'écrire (x + 2 y)M(I) + yM(II) + xM(III) + yM(IV) (4-4 y-2 x)Zn(II), où M(I) = Ag, Cu ; M(II) = Cu, Fe, Cd, Zn ; M(III) = In, Ga, Tl, Fe, M(IV) = Ge, Sn, Mo, W.
With 6 Figures 相似文献
10.
作为华南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分,川滇黔铅锌矿集区是我国重要的铅锌银等资源基地之一,同时该矿集区也是Ge、Cd、Ga和In等稀散元素的超常富集区域。毛坪矿床是该矿集区内第二大铅锌矿床,累计探明铅锌金属储量超过3Mt(Pb+Zn平均品位≥18%),锗(Ge)保有储量182t。本文以新发现的Ⅵ矿带(铅锌金属已探明储量≥60万t,Pb+Zn平均品位≥20%)为研究对象,利用LA-ICPMS对主要矿石矿物闪锌矿和黄铁矿进行了微区原位微量元素组成和Mapping分析。研究结果显示Ⅵ矿带闪锌矿普遍富集Ge(最高580×10^(-6),均值81.1×10^(-6))、Cd(最高3486×10^(-6),均值1613×10^(-6))和Ga(最高190×10^(-6),均值44.4×10^(-6));黄铁矿普遍富集Mn、As、Pb、Cu、Ag和Sb。与Ⅰ和Ⅱ号矿带闪锌矿相比,Ⅵ号矿带闪锌矿更富集Ge和Ga。闪锌矿中Fe和Pb以类质同象为主,偶见黄铁矿和方铅矿显微包体;Cu、Ge、Ag和As赋存形式主要为类质同象,替代方式为Ge^(4+)+2(Cu+,Ag+,As+)↔3Zn^(2+);Cd以类质同象方式赋存为主,替代机制为Cd^(2+)↔Zn^(2+);Ga和In可能主要以类质同象方式存在。黄铁矿中Pb和Mn主要以方铅矿和碳酸盐矿物显微包体为主;Cu、As和Sb以类质同象形式存在于黄铁矿中;Ag和Zn可能以独立矿物形式赋存;Co和Ni以类质同象方式替代Fe进入黄铁矿晶格中,替代方式为Ni^(2+)+Co^(2+)↔2Fe^(2+)。毛坪矿床新发现Ⅵ矿带硫化物相比典型MVT矿床硫化物具有不同的In和Ge含量以及Cd/Fe比值,结合矿床地质特征和其他证据,表明毛坪矿床成因类型特殊,有别于经典MVT铅锌矿床,属于川滇黔型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
11.
Sphalerite in the Niujiaotang Cd-rich zinc deposit, Duyun, Guizhou is characteristically light-yellow in color with significant
enrichment of cadmium which ranges from 0.83% to 1.97% (averaging 1.38%) in concentration in the mineral, corresponding to
an enrichment coefficient as high as 30. 47 to 72. 96. In comparison with other major Pb−Zn deposits in the world (the Mississippi
Valley deposits, and the Fankou and Jinding deposits in China) the Niujiaotang deposit isn
−
n×10 times richer in cadmium. Sphalerite in the deposit is also rich in Ga and Ge, but poor in In, Mn and Fe, suggesting some
special mechanisms that govern the geochemical behavior of these trace elements. Except for a minor amount of independent
minerals like greenockite, cadmium occurs mainly as isomorphous impurity in the crystal lattice of sphalerite. During weathering
and leaching under supergene condition, cadmium was separated from Zn, resulting in some secondary minerals of Cd, including
oxides and otavite.
This project was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 496-33110) and the Laboratory
Foundation of Ore Deposit Geochemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
12.
贵州天桥铅锌矿床分散元素赋存状态及规律 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
利用电子探针(EPMA)、电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)等分析了天桥铅锌矿床矿石矿物中分散元素的含量、赋存状态及规律,结果表明分散元素在该矿床中含量达到了综合利用评价指标,有的甚至达到了工业品位(如Cd等);这些分散元素可能以类质同象的形式赋存在硫化物矿物中,其规律为Ga、Cd、In等赋存在闪锌矿中,Ge、Tl等赋存在方铅矿中,黄铁矿中分散元素富集低;在不同颜色闪锌矿中,Ga、Cd富集规律表现为浅色闪锌矿>中色闪锌矿>黑色闪锌矿,而Ge、Tl、In、Se富集表现出中色闪锌矿相对高于浅色及黑色闪锌矿;同标本中,不同颜色闪锌矿的Ge、In富集规律在还显示浅色闪锌矿>中色闪锌矿>黑色闪锌矿,而Ga、Tl、Cd、Se富集规律呈现中色闪锌矿相对高于浅色及黑色闪锌矿.Ga/In、Zn/Cd等参数指示出矿床成因类型可能为热液-沉积-改造. 相似文献
13.
位于江南造山带中段的湘东北地区是我国华南重要的金铅锌铜钴多金属矿产地之一,栗山铅锌铜多金属矿床是该区近年来找矿勘查新发现的一大型矿床。该矿床位于晚侏罗世—早白垩世幕阜山岩体南缘,矿体主要赋存于岩体及其与地层接触带的构造破碎带内,空间上与岩体关系密切,然而目前关于该矿床的研究十分薄弱。本文采用电子探针和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪开展了闪锌矿的原位微区微量元素分析。微量元素组成分析结果表明,闪锌矿以富集Co、Ga而贫Fe、Cd、Ge为特征,其中Fe、Mn、Cd、Co、Ga等元素以类质同象形式产出,而Cu、Pb、Ag和Sn等元素则还以包裹体形式赋存于闪锌矿中。根据不同微量元素间的相关关系,认为闪锌矿中可能存在Zn2+↔Fe2+、4 Zn2+↔2 Fe2++Ge4++□(其中□表示空位)、3 Zn2+↔2 Cu++Ge4+、2 Zn2+↔Ag++Sb3+等简单和复杂替代关系。闪锌矿的Zn/Fe、Ga/Ge、Ge/In、Ga/In比值和Fe温度计等指示闪锌矿形成于中低温(240~250 ℃)、低硫逸度(lgf(S2)=-13.3~-9.6)环境。栗山矿区闪锌矿的微量元素组成特征有别于金顶砂岩型、SEDEX型、VMS型、MVT型和夕卡岩型铅锌矿,结合低的Cd/Fe(0.03~0.14,平均0.06)、Cd/Mn(1.54~6.30,平均2.91)比值和Ge含量,暗示该矿床成矿作用与岩浆活动有关。综合矿区地质特征和区域构造-岩浆演化,认为该矿床是在太平洋板块俯冲后撤引起的伸展构造背景下形成的与燕山期幕阜山岩体有关的中低温岩浆热液充填交代型矿床。该类型矿床闪锌矿具有鲜明的微量元素组成特征,可为判别具相似地质特征的矿床成因提供借鉴。 相似文献
14.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(4):101580
Due to the combined influences such as ore-forming temperature, fluid and metal sources, sphalerite tends to incorporate diverse contents of trace elements during the formation of different types of Lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) deposits. Therefore, trace elements in sphalerite have long been utilized to distinguish Pb-Zn deposit types. However, previous discriminant diagrams usually contain two or three dimensions, which are limited to revealing the complicated interrelations between trace elements of sphalerite and the types of Pb-Zn deposits. In this study, we aim to prove that the sphalerite trace elements can be used to classify the Pb-Zn deposit types and extract key factors from sphalerite trace elements that can discriminate Pb-Zn deposit types using machine learning algorithms. A dataset of nearly 3600 sphalerite spot analyses from 95 Pb-Zn deposits worldwide determined by LA-ICP-MS was compiled from peer-reviewed publications, containing 12 elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, and Pb) from 5 types, including Sedimentary Exhalative (SEDEX), Mississippi Valley Type (MVT), Volcanic Massive Sulfide (VMS), skarn, and epithermal deposits. Random Forests (RF) is applied to the data processing and the results show that trace elements of sphalerite can successfully discriminate different types of Pb-Zn deposits except for VMS deposits, most of which are falsely distinguished as skarn and epithermal types. To further discriminate VMS deposits, future studies could focus on enlarging the capacity of VMS deposits in datasets and applying other geological factors along with sphalerite trace elements when constructing the classification model. RF’s feature importance and permutation feature importance were adopted to evaluate the element significance for classification. Besides, a visualized tool, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), was used to verify the results of both classification and evaluation. The results presented here show that Mn, Co, and Ge display significant impacts on classification of Pb-Zn deposits and In, Ga, Sn, Cd, and Fe also have relatively important effects compared to the rest elements, confirming that Pb-Zn deposits discrimination is mainly controlled by multi-elements in sphalerite. Our study hence shows that machine learning algorithm can provide new insights into conventional geochemical analyses, inspiring future research on constructing classification models of mineral deposits using mineral geochemistry data. 相似文献
15.
Julian A. Lockington Nigel J. Cook Cristiana L. Ciobanu 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,108(6):873-890
Sphalerite is a common sulphide and is the dominant ore mineral in Zn-Pb sulphide deposits. Precise determination of minor and trace element concentrations in sulphides, including sphalerite, by Laser-Ablation Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Mass-Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a potentially valuable petrogenetic tool. In this study, LA-ICP-MS is used to analyse 19 sphalerite samples from metamorphosed, sphalerite-bearing volcanic-associated and sedimentary exhalative massive sulphide deposits in Norway and Australia. The distributions of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga, Se, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi are addressed with emphasis on how concentrations of these elements vary with metamorphic grade of the deposit and the extent of sulphide recrystallization. Results show that the concentrations of a group of trace elements which are believed to be present in sphalerite as micro- to nano-scale inclusions (Pb, Bi, and to some degree Cu and Ag) diminish with increasing metamorphic grade. This is interpreted as due to release of these elements during sphalerite recrystallization and subsequent remobilization to form discrete minerals elsewhere. The concentrations of lattice-bound elements (Mn, Fe, Cd, In and Hg) show no correlation with metamorphic grade. Primary metal sources, physico-chemical conditions during initial deposition, and element partitioning between sphalerite and co-existing sulphides are dominant in defining the concentrations of these elements and they appear to be readily re-incorporated into recrystallized sphalerite, offering potential insights into ore genesis. Given that sphalerite accommodates a variety of trace elements that can be precisely determined by contemporary microanalytical techniques, the mineral has considerable potential as a geothermometer, providing that element partitioning between sphalerite and coexisting minerals (galena, chalcopyrite etc.) can be quantified in samples for which the crystallization temperature can be independently constrained. 相似文献
16.
分散元素在地壳中的含量很低,很难形成独立矿物和独立矿床,因此对矿床中伴生的分散元素的研究有重要的理论和现实意义。本文利用常规显微镜、电子探针和等离子质谱分析等手段,对大梁子铅锌矿床中的分散元素镉、锗、镓进行了研究。镉在闪锌矿中的含量随着闪锌矿颜色的变浅逐渐增加,镓则相反。分散元素镉、锗、镓的赋存状态为类质同象形式;矿床主要以富集镉为特征,其中镉主要富集于闪锌矿中,锗和镓主要富集于方铅矿中。 相似文献
17.
A series of N-arylhydroxamic acids (31) were synthesized and tested as collectors to float sphalerite from a Canadian copper–zinc ore. The compounds were classified into four types namely, N-aryl-C-alkyl, N-aryl-C-aryl, N-aryl-C-aralkyl, and dihydroxamic acids based on the type of substitution. Dihydroxamic acids were found to be poor mineral collectors while the efficiency of sphalerite flotation increased in the order N-aryl-C-aryl < N-aryl-C-alkyl < N-aryl-C-aralkyl. Sphalerite was floated without activation by copper sulfate, and the best sphalerite recovery of about 80% (grade 32%) was achieved with N-hydrocinnamoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (HCNPHA) 67 g/t collector dosage. However, pyrite also floated along with sphalerite and this appeared as a major disadvantage to be addressed. 相似文献
18.
The abundances of 30 trace elements, including the volatile chalcophile/siderophile elements As, Cd, Ga, In and Sn were determined by laser ablation ICP-MS in minerals of 19 anhydrous and 5 hydrous spinel peridotite xenoliths from three continents. The majority of samples were fertile lherzolites with more than 5% clinopyroxene; several samples have major element compositions close to estimates of the primitive mantle. All samples have been previously analysed for bulk-rock major, minor and lithophile trace elements. They cover a wide range of equilibration temperatures from about 850 to 1250 °C and a pressure range from 0.8 to 3.0 GPa. A comparison of results from bulk-rock analyses with concentrations obtained from combining silicate and oxide mineral data with modal mineralogy, gave excellent agreement, with the exception of As. Arsenic is the only element analysed that has high concentrations in sulphides. For all other elements sulphides can be neglected as host phases in these mantle rocks. The major host phase for Cd, In and Sn is clinopyroxene and if present, amphibole. Cadmium and In appear to behave moderately incompatibly during mantle melting similar to Yb.The data yield new and more reliable mantle abundances for Cd (35 ± 7 ppb), In (18 ± 3 ppb) and Sn (91 ± 28 ppb). The In value is similar to the Mg and CI-normalized Zn abundance of the mantle, although In is cosmochemically more volatile than Zn. The high In content suggests a high content of volatile elements in general in proto-Earth material. The lower relative abundances of volatile chalcophile elements such as Cd, S, Se and Te might be explained by sulphide segregation during core formation. The very low relative abundances of volatile and highly incompatible lithophile elements such as Br, Cl and I, and also C, N and rare gases, imply loss during Earth accretion, arguably by collisional erosion from differentiated planetesimals and protoplanets. 相似文献
19.
本文利用电子探针和等离子质谱分析手段,对会泽铅锌矿床矿物和矿石的分散元素镉锗镓进行了分析研究,认为矿床中分散元素镉、锗、镓的赋存状态以类质同象形式存在。矿床以富集镉、锗为特征,其中镉主要富集于闪锌矿之中,锗和镓主要富集于方铅矿之中。 相似文献
20.
C. Reimann P. Englmaier B. Flem L. Gough P. Lamothe Ø. Nordgulen D. Smith 《Applied Geochemistry》2009
Forty soil O- and C-horizon samples were collected along a south-to-north transect extending inland for approximately 200 km from the southern tip of Norway. The elements As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, W, Zn and Zr all show a distinct decrease in concentration in soil O-horizons with increasing distance from the coast. The elements showing the strongest coastal enrichment, some by more than an order of magnitude compared to inland samples, are Au, Bi, As, Pb, Sb and Sn. Furthermore, the elements Cd (median O-/median C-horizon = 31), C, Sb, Ag, K, S, Ge (10), Hg, Pb, As, Bi, Sr (5), Se, Au, Ba, Na, Zn, P, Cu and Sn (2) are all strongly enriched in the O-horizon when compared to the underlying C-horizon. Lead isotope ratios, however, do not show any gradient with distance from the coast (declining Pb concentration). Along a 50 km topographically steep east–west transect in the centre of the survey area, far from the coast but crossing several vegetation zones, similar element enrichment patterns and concentration gradients can be observed in the O-horizon. Lead isotope ratios in the O-horizon correlate along both transects with pH and the C/N-ratio, both proxies for the quality of the organic material. Natural conditions in southern Norway, related to climate and vegetation, rather than long range atmospheric transport of air pollutants (LRT), cause the observed features. 相似文献