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新型地下水流速流向测量技术及其在岩溶区调查中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国南方岩溶区往往水文地质条件复杂,含水层的渗透性具有较强的非均一性。为探究岩溶含水层矢量渗透系数的分布规律,识别多级次岩溶水流系统的特征,利用新型地下水流速流向测量技术,在鄂西香溪河流域的典型水文地质钻孔进行了试验研究。结合地面调查、抽水试验和压水试验等方法,对流速流向测试与分析结果进行了水文地质解释及探讨。结果表明:所选典型钻孔岩溶含水层的垂向渗透系数不均一性较强,新型流速流向测量方法计算得出的渗透系数与抽水试验的计算结果相差5%;与压水试验相比,在钻孔2个不同深度的含水段,2种方法计算的渗透系数分别相差44%和2%;不同深度的地下水流向测量结果表明,钻孔在垂向上揭示了2个不同层次的岩溶水流系统。新型地下水流速流向测量与分析方法能够较准确地识别岩溶水的优势径流方向和径流层位,对于岩溶含水层渗透性非均一性的定量刻画具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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以天津市陆家嘴广场项目工程抽水试验数据为基础,为查明场地地基土渗透性和富水性,测定含水层的渗透系数、影响半径等水文地质参数,运用完整井非稳定流抽水试验资料的数学模型,利用迭代法、解析法和图解法计算含水层的渗透系数及影响半径。计算结果表明:试验及计算方法正确,所得结果可靠,所用方法可为类似工程含水层水文地质参数计算提供参考。 相似文献
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为评价振荡试验在获取倾斜承压含水层水文地质参数过程中含水层倾角对计算结果的影响,基于Kipp模型推导了考虑承压含水层倾角的振荡试验解析解模型。倾斜承压含水层量纲一贮水系数和量纲一导水系数不变条件下,测试井-含水层系统的量纲一阻尼系数随着倾角的增加而增加。修正模型计算的量纲一阻尼系数与Kipp模型计算的量纲一阻尼系数偏差10%以上时,必须考虑倾角的影响并且承压含水层倾角对水头响应曲线造成影响临界角度约为34°。修正模型和Kipp模型对现场振荡试验水头响应曲线分析结果的差异表明,忽略含水层倾角会对倾斜承压含水层导水系数和贮水系数的计算结果产生较大误差。 相似文献
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人工回灌补给滨海含水层是海水入侵修复经常采用的工程措施,然而人工回灌条件下滨海砂质含水层经常出现渗透性显著降低的现象,其含水介质渗透性的时空演变规律仍不清楚。本文以青岛市大沽河下游咸水入侵区含水层砂样为研究对象,通过利用不同尺度的室内砂柱淡咸水驱替试验,对定水头和定流速条件下人工回灌咸淡水驱替过程中砂质含水层渗透性的时空演变特征进行了研究。结果表明：当淡水驱替咸水时含水介质的渗透性会发生显著变化,整个砂柱的渗透性先降低后回升,原因是回灌过程中砂柱中的黏土矿物发生释放、迁移、沉积;定水头条件下,在砂柱的前半段存在一个淘空区,渗透系数是初始渗透系数的1.6~2.0倍,砂柱其它部分渗透性是先降低再轻微回弹;定流速条件下,砂柱的渗透系数随时间的变化均呈现先降低后升高趋势,且砂柱各段离入水口的距离越远其渗透系数的值越小;砂柱黏粒含量的变化规律与渗透性的演化特征相吻合。研究成果可为人工回灌治理滨海含水层海水入侵提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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为探讨含水层非均质性不同刻画方法对地下水流和溶质运移预测的影响,基于非均质含水层砂箱实验,分别用传统等效均质模型、克立金插值和水力层析刻画含水层渗透系数场,并探讨了先验信息对水力层析结果的影响.将不同方法估算的渗透系数场用以预测地下水流和溶质运移过程,以此判断不同方法估算结果的优劣,分析含水层非均质性对地下水流和溶质运移的影响.结果表明:与克立金插值法相比,水力层析法可以更好地刻画含水层非均质性,较准确地预测地下水流和溶质运移过程;钻孔岩心渗透系数样本值作为先验信息可以提高水力层析法估算结果的精度;传统等效均质模型无法准确预测地下水流和溶质运移过程.含水层非均质性的增强将导致溶质污染羽分布形态和运移路径的空间变异性增强,并且优势通道直接决定溶质的分布及运移路径. 相似文献
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求解库岸边坡岩土体的渗透系数是研究滑坡渗流场及多场演化的基础,一般通过原位试验和室内试验求得,但试验成本较高且试验位置具有一定的随机性。本文以三峡库区马家沟滑坡为例,提出一种利用地下水位动态观测资料反演滑坡岩土层渗透系数的方法。具体步骤为:（1）依据滑坡的勘察资料和水位观测数据,构建滑坡数值模型;（2）利用SPSS生成不同渗透系数正交试验组合,并将渗透系数代入数值模型中计算监测井的水位,得到不同渗透系数及其对应的模拟水位数据;（3）应用遗传算法优化的支持向量机构建坡体模拟水位与渗透系数的非线性映射关系,再通过代入实际动态监测水位值求得滑坡岩土层的渗透系数;（4）将求得的渗透系数代入数值模型,用计算的模拟水位与实际观测水位进行对比验证。研究结果表明:遗传算法优化的支持向量机具有良好的学习预测效果,能准确预测渗透系数与水位的关系。该反演方法具有高效、准确的优点,反演结果的精度满足实际应用需要。 相似文献
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南海岛礁吹填钙质砂渗透特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《岩土力学》2017,(6)
南海吹填钙质砂的渗透性对于岛礁地下淡水的形成至关重要。通过室内常水头渗透试验研究了吹填钙质砂的级配、孔隙比和渗透性之间的相互关系,开展了相同级配钙质砂在不同孔隙比下的渗透性试验,研究了不均匀系数和曲率系数对钙质砂渗透系数的影响规律。试验结果表明,钙质砂的渗透系数和10~e(e为孔隙比)有很好的线性关系,并且与不均匀系数、曲率系数和颗粒粒径都有很好的相关性;通过对室内试验结果考虑多因素的分析,建立了钙质砂渗透系数计算模型,该模型公式可为岛礁吹填土层的渗透性评估和新填岛礁地下淡水的形成分析提供参考。 相似文献
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精确计算非饱和土渗透系数时需要考虑土体的负孔隙水压力水头值,即基质吸力。然而基质吸力的准确测定有一定难度,通常室内试验与现场测定的结果相差较大,影响实际工程应用。提出一种全新的算法,即利用原位浸水试验数据对土体基质吸力进行计算,利用Green-Ampt入渗模型结合浸水坑水面下降速率和水分传感器测定的浸水渗透速率之间的差值计算出地层负孔隙压力水头值。选取黄土–古土壤互层场地开展原位浸水试验,根据试验数据计算出第一层厚度为4 m的黄土的负孔隙压力水头值为233 cm,第二层为厚度2 m的古土壤层的负孔隙压力水头值为124 cm;应用该算法预测出在浸水坑以下8.4m处地层基质吸力消减为零。本研究是对黄土地层基质吸力计算的一种新尝试。 相似文献
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Because of their simplicity, assumptions of isotropy and homogeneity are often applied to slug test analyses, determining hydraulic conductivity of heterogeneous and anisotropic formations, in spite of their inherent unfitness. In this study, it was examined how anisotropy and heterogeneity of the formation affect well recovery curves and therefore estimates of hydraulic conductivity in slug tests. Using a finite element method (FEM) slug test model, several hypothetical slug tests in anisotropic and heterogeneous formations with known hydraulic parameters and actual formations of unknown parameters were analyzed. Error factors as a result of the assumptions of isotropy and homogeneity were quantified through sensitivity analyses of well recovery curves. Results of slug tests analyzed in this study indicate that: (1) the well recovery curves in slug tests do not show unique shape or signs reflecting the anisotropy and heterogeneity of the tested formation; (2) the assumption of isotropy does not deviate estimates of hydraulic conductivity significantly when the radial hydraulic conductivity is larger than the vertical one in the formation; (3) the assumption of homogeneity in a layered heterogeneous system has a high potential for errors in hydraulic conductivity estimation, however it can be avoided by placing the screened section apart from the adjacent layers; (4) a low permeability well skin skews the hydraulic conductivity of the original formation, depending on the size and hydraulic conductivity of the skin. 相似文献
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Stress and strain fields for overdamped slug tests in aquifer materials,and resulting conservation equation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Robert P. Chapuis 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(18):1908-1921
Two theories may be used to analyze overdamped variable‐head (slug) tests in aquifer materials. The first theory assumes that the solid matrix strain has a negligible influence. The second theory takes into account some elastic and immediate strain. Something is wrong with these theories because they yield different hydraulic conductivity values. This paper explains what is wrong after establishing the strain‐stress elastic equations for a slug test in 2 ideal conditions: plane strain and spherical symmetry. The equations show that the radial contraction (or elongation) and tangential elongation (or contraction) yield a null volumetric strain. As a result, the conservation is described by the Laplace equation, which is used by the first theory. This first theory is the only one to yield correct solutions. The diffusion equation, with storativity, which is used by the second theory, is physically ill founded for slug tests in aquifers. This new proof scientifically confirms previously raised doubts and experimental proofs that the second theory is ill founded. 相似文献
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An analysis method for transient groundwater flow during slug tests performed in vertical cutoff walls is presented. The analytical solution for evaluating hydraulic conductivity of vertical cutoff walls is derived by applying the method of images to the previously developed analytical solution that is exclusively applicable to an infinite aquifer. Two distinct boundary conditions are considered to account for the configuration of the vertical cutoff wall: the wall‐soil formation interfaces with or without the existence of filter cakes, that is, constant‐head boundary and no‐flux boundary conditions. A series of type curves is constructed from the analytical solution and compared with those of a partially penetrated well within an aquifer. The constant‐head boundary condition provides faster hydraulic head recovery than the aquifer case. On the other hand, the no‐flux boundary condition leads to a delayed hydraulic head recovery. The greater the shape factor and well offset from the center of the cutoff wall, and the smaller the width of the cutoff wall, the greater the effect of the boundary condition observed in the type curves. This result shows the significance of considering proper boundary conditions at the vertical cutoff wall in analyzing slug tests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Field and laboratory methods have been used to determine the hydraulic properties in a multiple-layer aquifer–aquitard system that is hydrologically connected to a river. First, hypothetical pumping tests in aquifer–aquitard systems were performed to evaluate the feasibility of MODFLOW-PEST in determining these parameters. Sensitivity analyses showed that: the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the aquifer has the highest composite sensitivity; the vertical hydraulic conductivity has higher composite sensitivity than the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the aquitard; and a partial penetration pumping well in an aquifer layer can improve the quality of the estimated parameters. This inverse approach was then used to analyze a pumping-recovery test conducted near the Platte River in southeastern Nebraska, USA. The hydraulic conductivities and specific yield were calculated for the aquitard and aquifer. The direct-push technique was used to generate sediment columns; permeameter tests on these columns produced the vertical hydraulic conductivities that are compatible with those obtained from the pumping-recovery test. Thus, the combination of the direct-push technique with permeameter tests provides a new method for estimation of vertical hydraulic conductivity. The hydraulic conductivity, determined from grain-size analysis, is smaller than the horizontal one but larger than the vertical one determined by the pumping-recovery test. 相似文献
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含水层的水文地质参数是进行地下水资源计算、地下水污染防控等所必需的基础数据,结合数值模拟技术进行含水层参数反演很有必要.按照1:5万水文地质调查规范在江汉平原仙桃市杨林尾镇复兴水厂不同含水层位开展抽水试验,包括深层含水层单孔抽水试验以及浅层含水层中群孔(2孔)抽水试验.对于单孔抽水试验,应用第1类越流系统井流理论进行参数反演;对于群孔抽水试验,推导了特定综合井函数,并利用特定标准曲线匹配法和直线图解法求解了含水层参数.随后利用FEFLOW软件建立了相应数值模型,拟合了含水层参数.结果表明:浅层含水层的渗透系数变化范围为21.66~54.00 m/d,贮水率变化范围为1.28×10-5~8.00×10-4 m-1;深层含水层渗透系数变化范围为1.27~7.00 m/d,贮水率变化范围为3.90×10-6~5.00×10-6 m-1.对于深层承压含水层而言,越流补给量较大.采用数值模拟方法结合抽水试验数据求参,综合考虑了含水层结构,拟合效果好,所得结果更加可靠. 相似文献
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Yohannes Yihdego 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(1):29-44
Hydraulic in situ measurement of rock mass permeability by packer (Lugeon) testing is an inherent and integral element of many engineering, hydrogeological and mining investigation. This paper describes and discusses geotechnical testing in the design process from a consulting practitioner’s perspective. This study focuses on the Packer testing planning, procedure, results & interpretation. Packer test system is an optimum method for obtaining values of hydraulic conductivity in wells that are difficult to analyse using conventional slug test systems. Packer tests are carried out to assess the variability of a borehole as it intersects various hydrogeological units. It gives vertical distribution of hydraulic properties and water quality in the aquifer and usually cheaper than a nest of wells and gives more continuous record and this knowledge can often be essential for a proper design. The role, objectives, types and interpretation of testing, limitations and recommended good practices as part of the geotechnical design process are outlined through the examination of test data from a case record. 相似文献
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Variations in hydraulic conductivity with scale of measurement during aquifer tests in heterogeneous, porous carbonate rocks 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Previous studies have shown that hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer seems to increase as the portion of the aquifer tested
increases. To date, such studies have all relied on different methods to determine hydraulic conductivity at each scale of
interest, which raises the possibility that the observed increase in hydraulic conductivity is due to the measurement method,
not to the scale. This study analyzes hydraulic conductivity with respect to scale during individual aquifer tests in porous,
heterogeneous carbonate rocks in southeastern Wisconsin, USA. Results from this study indicate that hydraulic conductivity
generally increases during an individual test as the volume of aquifer impacted increases, and the rate of this increase is
the same as the rate of increase determined by using different measurement methods. Thus, scale dependence of hydraulic conductivity
during single tests does not depend on the method of measurement. This conclusion is supported by 22 of 26 aquifer tests conducted
in porous-flow-dominated carbonate units within the aquifer. Instead, scale dependency is probably caused by heterogeneities
within the aquifer, a conclusion supported by digital simulation. All of the observed types of hydraulic-conductivity variations
with scale during individual aquifer tests can be explained by a conceptual model of a simple heterogeneous aquifer composed
of high-conductivity zones within a low-conductivity matrix.
Received, January 1997 Revised, August 1997, November 1997 Accepted, November 1997 相似文献
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Analysis of flow behavior in a landfill with cover soil of low hydraulic conductivity 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Y. -S Jang 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(3-4):292-298
This paper presents the results of field tests of hydrologic parameters in a landfill and the results of numerical simulation
to find the efficiency of the pumping method to reduce leachate levels in the landfill. The field hydraulic conductivity and
storativity of waste and buried cover soils in the landfill are measured by pumping and slug tests. The hydrologic condition
inside the landfill is first calibrated using the drawdown-time curve obtained from the pumping test, and the flow behavior
of leachate during pumping in the landfill, when various layers of waste and buried cover soil exist, is analyzed through
three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow. The results of the field investigation show that the buried cover soil of
low hydraulic conductivity forms an impermeable layer preventing the downward flow of leachate and upward flow of landfill
gas. The hydraulic conductivities of the pumping test and slug tests were quite close on the same order of magnitude. It was
also possible to match the drawdown-time data of the field tests with those of the model using input data close to the hydrologic
property obtained from the field tests. The numerical flow analysis showed that pumping was possible up to 120 tons/day for
a single well without a drain, while the pumping rate could be increased to 300 tons/day for the same well with the drain.
From the vertical section of the flow vector with a horizontal drain, the barrier role of buried cover soil is identified,
which was proposed by examining the water contents of the disposed cover soil and waste in the field.
Received: 15 May 1998 · Accepted: 4 January 1999 相似文献