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1.
岩溶地区上高层建筑的基础设计是建筑工程中地基处理的难点。岩溶地基存在土洞溶洞多,岩面起伏大、地下水不可预见等特点,使得岩溶地基高层建筑基础设计具有极大的挑战性。对一个卵石土岩溶地基高层建筑进行基础设计,通过现场土的载荷板试验、夯扩桩复合地基载荷试验、冲孔桩复合地基载荷试验等现场原位试验,获得了丰富可靠的资料,根据试验结果和场地覆盖层厚度、岩溶发育情况进行科学的计算分析,最后采用筏板下多桩型复合地基处理方案,该方案既能满足承载力及沉降的要求,又同时考虑了溶洞坍塌及沉降不均的风险,且更为经济。将计算沉降与实际观测结果进行了比较,说明了地基处理方案的合理性,为高层建筑复杂岩溶地基处理提供了较好的借鉴。 相似文献
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Implication of coupled natural and human systems in sustainable rangeland ecosystem management in HKH region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The sustainable development of rangeland ecosystems, the vital ecosystems providing many important ecosystem services for
millions of people in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region is presently confronted with a number of challenges. A coupled natural
and human systems approach is needed to facilitate effective collaboration among social scientists, bio/physical scientists,
and management practitioners to better understand how people interact with the environment in which they live. In pursuing
this argument, three existing case studies, i.e. Indigenous rangeland management in Himalayan Nepal, Cultivated Grassland
Systems in Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and Grassland Restoration in Central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were synthesized
in this paper to address the importance of coupled natural and human systems in promoting sustainable rangeland ecosystem
management in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH) region. It was concluded although the research sites and objectives were very
different, that these three case studies had many commonalities that addressed the complex interactions and feedbacks between
natural and human systems, and highlighted the integration of various tools and techniques from the ecological and social
sciences, as well as other disciplines, in sustainable rangeland management. These case studies have offered unique interdisciplinary
insights into complexities that cannot be gained from ecological or social research alone. The results from these case studies
can be applied to many other coupled systems at local, national, and global levels. 相似文献
3.
水资源承载力的研究进展与趋势展望 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
水资源承载力是水资源安全战略研究中的一个基础课题,是水资源安全的基本度量。它是涉及社会、资源和环境系统的一个指标,用来反映水资源系统对社会经济持续发展的支撑能力,是水资源研究领域和可持续发展研究领域中的一个重要课题。在实践领域中则是区域水资源开发利用对策研究的基本依据。因此,通过时区域水资源承载力的研究,可以更好地理解水资源系统对社会发展的支撑作用,认识人口、资源与环境协调发展的关系,更好地实现社会可持续发展。在分析和总结现有资料的基础上,对水资源承载力的概念内涵作了进一步的探讨,并对其量化方法和存在问题进行了论述,最后展望了水资源承载力研究趋势。 相似文献
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找矿突破战略行动是保障国家经济社会可持续发展、提高矿产资源保障能力的重大举措,而整装勘查工作则是实现找矿突破的重要途径。本文从地质资料管理的角度,结合整装勘查区找矿所需地质信息,提出了地质资料数据集成与服务整装勘查的技术与方法,即汇集整装勘查区的资料数据及分布图,对数据进行集成整合后制作成公开版数据,研发相应的资料管理与服务系统进行数据发布,便于地质工作者查询以往工作形成的资料。以整装勘查区地质工作为例的资料数据集成与服务研究工作是对地质资料产品开发的一次新尝试,这为今后地质资料产品开发提供了很好的参考和借鉴。 相似文献
6.
Krzysztof R. Mazurski 《GeoJournal》2000,50(2-3):173-179
Like other sectors of the Polish economy, the tourist industry is going through a radical restructuring process which began
at the start of the 1990s and reached a new stage with the 1998 Tourist Services Act. The business is now firmly market-oriented
and standards are being set in line with EU norms. Tourism is of great importance for Poland because, through the promotion
of attractive natural and cultural landscapes of international importance, it plays a central role in the search for a more
sustainable economy and it also enhances the potential for development in many of the country's poorer regions. Employment
in the industry is increasing both relatively and absolutely. This paper examines the opportunities with particular reference
to Lower Silesia where the tourism potential offers an important approach to the solution of the region's economic and social
problems. Particular reference is made to the refurbishment of historic buildings for tourist use and the significance of
the restoration of Krobielowice Palace near Wroclaw is fully evaluated.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Coastal area is the region with the highest degree of economic and social development and the largest ecological stress in current China, where the proportions and the spatial patterns of developed coastal resource and environment are determined by projects planning. Ecological carrying capacity evaluation is the necessary prerequisite for sustainable utilization of natural resources and protecting ecological environment to ensure healthy and sustainable economic and social development to project planning. Based on the pressure types of projects planning on resources and environment, the concept and contents of coastal ecological carrying capacity were redefined for enhancing the practical value of ecological carrying capacity evaluation. The domestic and foreign research progress and advances related with coastal ecological carrying capacity evaluation were reviewed, which included habitat suitability evaluation, suitability assessment of construction land development, reclamation suitability evaluation and assessment of sea water environmental capacity. The conclusion noted that domestic research of coastal ecological carrying capacity needs to build a complete system of ecological carrying capacity evaluation methodology based on extensive reference to foreign research results, and quantitative evaluation and spatial visualization research related with coastal ecological carrying capacity should be carried out to provide strong support for ecological civilization process of economy and society in coustal areas. 相似文献
8.
水泥粉煤灰碎石桩(CFG桩)复合地基在高层建筑地基处理中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着高层建筑工程的飞速发展,地基处理由于相对低廉的工程造价在高层建筑中的应用越来越广泛。水泥粉煤灰碎石桩(CFG桩)复合地基由于充分利用桩间土和桩的特有优势,目前已成为应用最为普遍的地基处理技术之一,而且具有极好的应用前景。本文通过实例工程,介绍CFG桩在高层建筑地基处理中的应用技术。 相似文献
9.
成都地区侏罗系中等风化泥岩为典型的红层软岩,工程实践表明该类岩体地基承载力的规范建议值偏低,导致该区域内高层、超高层建筑基础选型偏于保守,使得工程成本投入大、目标工期长,如何最大程度的发挥侏罗系中等风化泥岩地基承载能力还没有值得借鉴的方法。以成都地区某超高层建筑地基基础工程为例,针对侏罗系中等风化泥岩地基分别开展了9组深井平硐岩基载荷试验、17孔岩基旁压试验,利用两类试验协同分析泥岩地基承载能力及适宜的承载力特征值取值,并建立了地基承载力特征值与超声波测井试验获得的岩体特征参数的相关方程。研究结果表明：侏罗系中等风化泥岩地区,岩基平板载荷试验、旁压试验所得的地基承载力特征值相近且均较《成都地区建筑地基基础设计规范》（DB51/T5026—2001）建议最大值大2.0～2.5倍;平板载荷试验的承压板直径、旁压试验的测试深度对中等风化泥岩地基承载力影响不显著;通过参数综合分析,进一步得出地基承载力特征值与岩体波速和岩体完整性指数分别呈幂函数、指数函数递增关系。研究成果对侏罗系中等风化泥岩地基承载力的取值具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
10.
随着高层建筑和工业建筑的发展,大型的筏式基础、箱形基础、桩基承台以及大型的设备基础,一般是大体积混凝土,在施工过程中都有一个温度控制和温度应力问题,这些问题如果解决不好,都会引起混凝土表面裂缝和收缩裂缝的发生。为了解决这个问题我们通过分析原因、现场实践得出一些实际有效的措施。 相似文献
11.
社会资本在可持续发展中的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
可持续发展指既满足当代人的发展需求又不损害、不掠夺后代发展需求能力的发展。它要求人类社会经济系统在地球生态系统承载能力下运作;要求社会发展不能单纯以经济增长为目的,而是要在保护生态环境基础上提高人类福利。社会资本概念为可持续发展提供了一个有用的工具。它不但使人类意识到可持续发展的内涵,而且运用社会资本可以限制自然资本开采、并减缓其对环境的破坏,提高制造资本利用效率,充分利用人力资本,从而推动可持续发展进程。介绍社会资本概念的基础上,从促进经济发展、自然资源可持续利用管理、环境保护以及缓解贫困等方面,阐述了社会资本促进可持续发展的理论机制。 相似文献
12.
长短桩高强复合地基在高层建筑中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
长短桩高强复合地基能充分调动桩间土体参与工作,并在竖向方向上的刚度梯度变化与附加荷载的应力扩散变化趋势相同。以考虑不同桩体长度、桩体刚度和考虑周围多层土体分布的长短桩相互作用计算模型为依据,对某高层建筑进行长短桩高强复合地基的分析设计计算,通过与实测数据对比,表明长短桩高强复合地基应用于高层建筑可以满足承载力和沉降的要求。长短桩高强复合地基因其高承载力、经济性优越和施工灵活并工期短的特点,将会成为高层建筑桩基础的巨大挑战。 相似文献
13.
我国地处欧亚板块东缘,地貌类型多样,地质条件复杂,国家重大战略的顺利实施与生态文明建设的有效推进面临着严峻的地质安全风险,因此亟需解决各种地质作用对人居环境与工程活动带来的地质安全问题。本文以地球系统科学为指导,以圈层相互作用、内外动力耦合、人地协调互馈为理论核心,聚焦国土空间地质安全、重大工程地质安全、城市建设地质安全、生态环境地质安全及资源开发地质安全等方面,分析国家战略发展面临的重大地质安全挑战,剖析地质安全牵引出的系列前沿科学问题,勾画出地质安全主要研究方向。地质安全是保障人民高质量生活、推动社会经济绿色发展、构建宜居地球的重要前提,对于解决当前和今后发展面临的重大工程建设、重大灾害防控、生态环境保护和人地和谐安居等相关地质安全问题,推进科技进步与社会可持续发展具有重要科学意义。 相似文献
14.
新疆地处干旱内陆区,水资源相对匮乏,未来社会经济发展与生态环境保护面临严峻的水资源瓶颈制约。本文系统分析了新疆水资源及主要生态环境特征,综合评价了水资源开发利用现状及存在的主要问题,并就新疆可持续发展中水资源面临的挑战进行了研究探讨,针对新疆水资源配置、高效利用中存在的问题以及气候变暖水资源及生态环境的影响,提出了具体解决办法和应对措施,对于实现新疆水资源可持续利用、优化配置具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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区域生态地球化学评价思路及建议 总被引：25，自引：17，他引：25
区城生态地球化学评价是在多目标地球化学调查基础上开展的一项区域评价研究工作，其目的是为国家和所薪究地区的国民经济建设、工农业结构调整和社会可持续发展提供基础地球化学资料。区域生态地球化学评价以异常元素的来源-成因-迁移转化-生态效应-预测预警为研究主线，以生态系统为研究基本单元，查明异常元素分布、分配、成因及来源，研究它们在地球表层备大层圈中的迁移转化规律，评价它们所产生的生态效应，应用地球化学和生态学的基本原理和方法对污染的生态系统进行预测预警，井提出治理建议，为国家区域性经济战略调整和工农业可持续发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
18.
Sylvy Jaglin 《Geoforum》2008,(6):1897-1906
The central focus of this paper is on the differentiation of basic urban trading services in middle income cities and its role in service provision for the poor. Most studies dedicated to service delivery to the poor emphasize the inequalities pertaining from a growing differentiation in provision and take up some of the arguments of the splintering urbanism thesis. The paper examines some of the main claims made in this debate through a case study of Cape Town (South Africa). It illustrates how differentiation is implemented through service levels and tariffs and suggests that it is a pragmatic way of accommodating social and spatial disparities in a highly polarized city, while making progressive steps in favour of the poor. The main argument is that, in Cape Town like in many middle income cities, urban diversity restricts the relevance of conventional social policies and the scope of local solidarity with regard to service delivery. The differentiation of provision is thus a strategy to bring the diversity within the public service, and hence to preserve an institutional and financial public capacity of delivering subsidized services to the poor. 相似文献
19.
Jian-Xiu Wang Bo Feng Li-Sheng Hu Yi-Qun Tang Xue-xin Yan Han-mei Wang Jin-bao Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(1):93-102
The restrictions of the geo-environment are often ignored in urban planning, thereby directly causing a variety of geological hazards, including large areas of land subsidence in soft soil area. Based on the control objective of land subsidence, the geo-environmental capacity of ground buildings (GECGB) is defined. The relationship between floor area ratio (FAR) and land subsidence in Shanghai, China is analyzed. The results illustrate that land subsidence increases as FAR increases, and that the engineering environmental effect of the high-rise building group is the main factor affecting land subsidence in Shanghai, China. Hayashi’s Quantification Theory type I is selected to evaluate the GECGB of four typical areas in Shanghai. The prediction model is established based on existing background materials and the GECGB expressed by allowable FAR of the four typical areas are calculated. The evaluation approach promoted in this paper can be applied in urban planning to control the land subsidence induced by dense high-rise buildings. 相似文献
20.
城市地下空间利用日趋受到重视,工程抗浮问题成为岩土工程领域的一个重要部分。对于建筑物整个使用期的抗浮研究相对深入,但往往对于由工程施工本身引起的、改变水文地质条件后可能存在的抗浮问题不够重视。近年来,信阳市垄岗地貌分布区高层建筑及整体地下车库建设规模较大。由于垄岗地形地貌的岩土体渗透性较差,同时该地区5—8月份暴雨较为集中,地表水通过肥槽等薄弱环节进入基础底板以下,易造成地下结构破坏。结合具体案例,研究地表水入渗引起工程抗浮问题并提出相应措施,工程实践效果良好。 相似文献