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1.
ZHANGXuelei TANManzhi CHENJie SUNYanci 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(1):71-79
The Yangtze delta area is among the fastest developing areas in China. Here there are mega-cities like Shanghai, Nanjing and the attached urban areas of different sizes including those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Shanghai up to Nanjing as well as their satellite cities and towns, forming one of the most densely distributed urban areas in China. This is a case study done in Suzhou city at the center of the Yangtze delta to reflect the impact of urban sprawl on soil resources using satellite images and digital soil databases. The extent of the developed land in the studied area and the impact of development on soil resources at 1:100,000 scale are estimated and the soil types impacted most by urbanization development are determined through overlaying the soil map on the satellite images (Landsat-7) of the studied area at different times (1984, 1995, 2000 and 2003). The methodology for this study consists of analyzing data resulting from using a geographic information system (GIS) to combine urban land use maps of different times derived from satellite images with data on soil characteristics contained in the established soil databases by which some results come into being to present the fast expanding trend of urbanization in the Yangtze delta area, the urban spread and the soils occupied by the urbanization process, and also the quality of the occupied soils. 相似文献
2.
中国边境地区城镇化时空格局及其驱动力 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Border area is not only an important gateway for inland opening-up,but also an important part of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society and optimizing national urban spatial pattern in China.Due to the location,natural resources endowment,and traffic accessibility,the urbanization speed is relatively slow in border areas.Therefore,it is a special area that needs to pay close attention to,especially under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative and China's regional coordinated development program.Based on the county-level data from 2000 to 2015,this paper tries to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of urbanization in 134 border counties,and applies geographical detector method to study the driving forces of urbanization in border areas.Conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2015,urbanization rate in border areas has been lower than the national average,and the gap has been widening.Some border counties in southern Xinjiang,Tibet,northeast of Inner Mongolia,and Yunnan,are even facing the problem of population loss.(2)In the same period,urbanization rate in the northwestern and southwestern border is low,while their urbanization rate grows relatively faster comparing with other border counties;urbanization rate in Tibet border is the lowest and grows relatively slowly;urbanization rate in the northeastern and northern border is slightly higher,but it grows slowly or even stagnates.(3)Transportation and industry are the important driving forces of urbanization in border areas,while the driving forces of market is relatively weak.And there are obvious mutual reinforcements among the driving forces,while the effort and explanatory power of resource force increases obviously after interaction.(4)Urbanization rate in the northwestern and southwestern border areas grows relatively fast,with industrial force and transportation force,market force and administrative force as the main driving forces respectively.Tibet border area has the lowest urbanization rate and growth rate,as the driving force of urbanization with strong contribution has not yet formed in Tibet.In the northeastern and northern border areas,the contribution of transportation force to urbanization is greater than other forces,and its interaction with market and industry has obvious effects. 相似文献
3.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(8)
As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930– 1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21 st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems. 相似文献
4.
厦门岛城市空间扩张特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Most of the world’s cities are concentrated in coastal areas. As a special geographical component of the coastal system, island urban spatial expansion is the outcome of interactions between city development and the physical environment. This paper takes Xiamen Island, located in Southeastern China, as an example to analyze island urban spatial expansion and its determinants by combining an analysis of the literature on urban development policies, urban overall plans, population growth and industrial development, with geographical information analysis using historical maps and remote sensing photographs. Firstly, we reviewed the history of the Xiamen City development during the last 100 years, which can be divided into four periods: the embryonic modern city and early development from 1908 to 1949; administrative boundary expansion and infrastructure development from 1950 to 1979; special economic zone construction and rapid urbanization from 1980 to 2003; and Bay City construction since 2003. The dynamic changes to the coastline, island shape, built-up area, transportation, administrative division, and major land use type conversion which occurred during approximately the past 100 years were analyzed and the characteristics of the island urban spatial expansion were concluded: early expansion from a central point, followed by expansion along a section of coastline, and expansion from the coastline inland. Secondly, we discussed the potential determinants of island urban spatial expansion including administrative division adjustment, urban master planning revision, industrial development, topographical factors, coastal area reclamation, transportation expansion, and population growth. Finally, the effects of each potential determinant on island urban spatial expansion were concluded. Island urban spatial expansion is the result of a synthesis of natural and socio-economic factors which are not independent but interacting. Built-up area expansion is the major driver of island land cover and land use changes. By this paper, we hope to provide a scientific reference contributing to the rational understanding of island and coastal sustainable urbanization in China, and the world beyond. 相似文献
5.
长江三角洲城市带扩展对区域温度变化的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Based on non-radiance-calibrated DMSP/OLS nighttime light imagery from 1992 to 2003, urban land area statistical data, meteorological data and land surface temperature data retrieved by MODIS and NOAA/AVHRR data, the influence of urbanization on regional cli- matic trend of temperature in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) was analyzed. Conclusions are as follows: 1) There is a significant urbanization process from 1992 to 2003 in the YRD. Four city clusters of Nanjing–Zhenjiang–Yangzhou, Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou Bay form a zigzag city belt. The increase rate of annual mean air temperature in city-belt is 0.28–0.44℃/10a from 1991 to 2005, which is far larger than that of non-city-belt. 2) The urban heat island (UHI) effect on regional mean air temperature in different seasons is summer>autumn>spring>winter. 3) The UHI intensity and the urban total population logarithm are creditably correlated. 4) The UHI effect made the regional annual mean air temperature increased 0.072℃ from 1961 to 2005, of which 0.047℃ from 1991 to 2005, and the annual maximum air temperature increased 0.162℃, of which 0.083℃ from 1991 to 2005. All these indicating that the urban expansion in the YRD from 1991 to 2005 may be regarded as a serious climate signal. 相似文献
6.
Based on the drought/flood grades of 90 meterological stations over eastern China and summer average sea-level pressure (SLP) during 1850–2008 and BPCCA statistical methods, the coupling relationship between the drought/flood grades and the East Asian summer SLP is analyzed. The East Asian summer monsoon index which is closely related with interdecadal variation of drought/flood distribution over eastern China is defined by using the key areas of SLP. The impact of the interdecadal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon on the distribution of drought/flood over eastern China in the last 159 years is researched. The results show that there are four typical drought and flood spatial distribution patterns in eastern China, i.e. the distribution of drought/flood in southern China is contrary to the other regions, the distribution of drought/flood along the Huanghe River–Huaihe River Valley is contrary to the Yangtze River Valley and regions south of it, the distribution of drought/flood along the Yangtze River Valley and Huaihe River Valley is contrary to the other regions, the distribution of drought/flood in eastern China is contrary to the western. The main distribution pattern of SLP in summer is that the strength of SLP is opposite in Asian continent and West Pacific. It has close relationship between the interdecadal variation of drought/flood distribution patterns over eastern China and the interdecadal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon which was defined in this paper, but the correlation is not stable and it has a significant difference in changes of interdecadal phase. When the East Asian summer monsoon was stronger (weaker), regions north of the Yangtze River Valley was more susceptible to drought (flood), the Yangtze River Valley and regions south of it were more susceptible to flood (drought) before the 1920s; when the East Asian summer monsoon was stronger (weaker), the regions north of the Yangtze River Valley was prone to flood (drought), the Yangtze River Valley and regions south of it were prone to drought (flood) after the 1920s. It is indicated that by using the data of the longer period could get much richer results than by using the data of the last 50–60 years. The differences in the interdecadal phase between the East Asian summer monsoon and the drought/flood distributions in eastern China may be associated with the nonlinear feedback, which is the East Asian summer monsoon for the extrinsic forcing of solar activity. 相似文献
7.
Based on non-radiance-calibrated DMSP/OLS nighttime light imagery from 1992 to 2003, urban land area statistical data, meteorological data and land surface temperature data retrieved by MODIS and NOAA/AVHRR data, the influence of urbanization on regional cli-matic trend of temperature in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) was analyzed. Conclusions are as follows: 1) There is a significant urbanization process from 1992 to 2003 in the YRD. Four city clusters of Nanjing–Zhenjiang–Yangzhou, Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou Bay form a zigzag city belt. The increase rate of annual mean air temperature in city-belt is 0.28–0.44℃/10a from 1991 to 2005, which is far larger than that of non-city-belt. 2) The urban heat island (UHI) effect on regional mean air temperature in different seasons is summer>autumn>spring>winter. 3) The UHI intensity and the urban total population logarithm are creditably correlated. 4) The UHI effect made the regional annual mean air temperature increased 0.072℃ from 1961 to 2005, of which 0.047℃ from 1991 to 2005, and the annual maximum air temperature increased 0.162℃, of which 0.083℃ from 1991 to 2005. All these indicating that the urban expansion in the YRD from 1991 to 2005 may be regarded as a serious climate signal. 相似文献
8.
《地理学报(英文版)》2018,(8)
The question of how to generate maximum socio-economic benefits while at the same time minimizing input from urban land resources lies at the core of regional ecological civilization construction.We apply stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)in this study to municipal input-output data for the period between 2005 and 2014 to evaluate the urbanization efficiency of 110 cities within the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)and then further assess the spatial association characteristics of these values.The results of this study initially reveal that the urbanization efficiency of the YREB increased from 0.34 to 0.53 between 2005 and2014,a significant growth at a cumulative rate of 54.07%.Data show that the efficiency growth rate of cities within the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has been faster than that of their counterparts in the middle and lower reaches,and that there is also a great deal of additional potential for growth in urbanization efficiency across the whole area.Secondly,results show that urbanization efficiency conforms to a"bar-like"distribution across the whole area,gradually decreasing from the east to the west.This trend highlights great intra-provincial differences,but also striking inter-provincial variation within the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The total urbanization efficiency of cities within the lower reaches of the river has been the highest,followed successively by those within the middle and upper reaches.Finally,values for Moran’s I within this area remained higher than zero over the study period and have increased annually;this result indicates a positive spatial correlation between the urbanization efficiency of cities and annual increments in agglomeration level.Our use of the local indicators of spatial association(LISA)statistic has enabled us to quantify characteristics of"small agglomeration and large dispersion".Thus,"high-high" (H-H)agglomeration areas can be seen to have spread outwards from around Zhejiang Province and the city of Shanghai,while areas characterized by"low-low"(L-L)patterns are mainly concentrated in the north of Anhui Province and in Sichuan Province.The framework and results of this research are of considerable significance to our understanding of both land use sustainability and balanced development. 相似文献
9.
塔里木河流域绿洲城镇发展与水土资源效益分析(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
This paper examines the spatial pattern of land and water resources as well as urbanization and their interactions in the Tarim River Basin, Xinjiang, China. In order to do so, we extract the data associated with efficiency of land and water resources and urbanization for the years of 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008. Specifically the paper investigates the extent to which agglomeration of population and economic activities varies geographically and interplays with spatial pattern of resources efficiency through computation of Global Moran’s I index, Getis-Ord Gi* index and a coordinated development model. The method used provides clear evidence that urbanization, land and water resources efficiency have shown uneven spatial pattern due to oasis distribution, climate, and initial phase of urban development. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.(1) Agglomeration and dispersion of urbanization are not consistent with those of land and water resources efficiency.(2) Evolution of the hot and cold spots of urbanization, and land and water resources efficiency, in different trajectories, indicate that there are no significant interactions between them.(3) The evidence that numbers of hot and cold spots of the three factors present varying structures reveals the dominance of unequal urban development in the study area.(4) Significant differences are also found between sub-river basins in terms of the three factors, which is a reflection of the complex physical geography of the area.(5) The degree of coordinated development of cities in the Tarim River Basin is generally low in part as a reflection of difference in spatial patterns of the three factors. It is also shown that the pattern of the degree of coordinated development is relatively stable compared with evolution of hot and cold spots of the three factors. 相似文献
10.
基于陆路交通网的长江三角洲区域可达性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In a given district, the accessibility of any point should be the synthetically evaluation of the internal and external accessibilities. Using MapX component and Delphi, the author presents an information system to calculate and analyze regional accessibility according to the shortest travel time, generating thus a mark diffusing figure. Based on land traffic network, this paper assesses the present and the future regional accessibilities of sixteen major cities in the Yangtze River Delta. The result shows that the regional accessibility of the Yangtze River Delta presents a fan with Shanghai as its core. The top two most accessible cities are Shanghai and Jiaxing, and the bottom two ones are Taizhou （Zhejiang province） and Nantong With the construction of Sutong Bridge, Hangzhouwan Bridge and Zhoushan Bridge, the regional internal accessibility of all cities will be improved. Especially for Shaoxing, Ningbo and Taizhou （Jiangsu province）, the regional internal accessibility will be decreased by one hour, and other cities will be shortened by about 25 minutes averagely. As the construction of Yangkou Harbor in Nantong, the regional external accessibility of the harbor cities in Jiangsu province will be speeded up by about one hour. 相似文献
11.
Urban clusters are the expected products of high levels of industry and urbanization in a country, as well as being the basic units of participation in global competition. With respect to China, urban clusters are regarded as the dominant formation for boosting the Chinese urbanization process. However, to date, there is no coincident, efficient, and credible methodological system and set of techniques to identify Chinese urban clusters. This research investigates the potential of a computerized identification method supported by geographic information techniques to provide a better understanding of the distribution of Chinese urban clusters. The identification method is executed based on a geographic information database, a digital elevation model, and socio-economic data with the aid of ArcInfo Macro Language programming. In the method, preliminary boundaries are identified according to transportation accessibility, and final identifications are achieved from limiting city numbers, population, and GDP in a region with the aid of the rasterized socio-economic dataset. The results show that the method identifies nine Chinese urban clusters, i.e., Pearl River Delta, Lower Yangtze River Valley, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Northeast China Plain, Middle Yangtze River Valley, Central China Plains, Western Taiwan Strait, Guanzhong and Chengdu-Chongqing urban clusters. This research represents the first study involving the computerized identification of Chinese urban clusters. Moreover, compared to other related studies, the study's approach, which combines transportation accessibility and socio-economic characteristics, is shown to be a distinct, effective and reliable way of identifying urban clusters. 相似文献
12.
长江经济带陆路交通可达性与城镇化空间耦合协调度 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
以长江经济带为例,采用耦合协调度模型研究陆路交通可达性与城镇化的耦合协调度空间格局。结果显示：① 城镇化发展大致表现为“东高西低”和“大城市群高边缘城市低”的分布特征,且人口与经济城镇化发展不同步;② 各类陆路交通可达性存在“东中部高,西部低”的分布特征,且高铁可达性区域差异远大于普通铁路和公路;③ 陆路交通综合可达性与城镇化耦合协调度总体较高,由东向西耦合协调度逐渐降低,其中,公路耦合协调度结果与陆路综合交通耦合协调度结果最匹配,高铁和普通铁路对城镇化发展承担跨区域协调作用,高铁作用更明显,公路对城镇化发展影响有限,仅能带动周边区域。 相似文献
13.
基于交通、人口和经济的中国城市群识别 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
城市群是一个国家工业化和城镇化进程发展到较高阶段的自然产物,是国家参与全球竞争与国际分工的新型地域单元。当前,研究人员对城市群的识别尚没有一个统一、快速的技术体系,国内外研究人员对于中国城市群的准确识别和区域界定也不统一。在综合前人研究的基础上,作者首先厘清了城市群的基本概念;继而提出了一套以地球信息技术为支撑的,综合了交通、人口和经济属性判断的城市群快速识别和区划的技术流程,即以空间通达性的定量测算为基础,初步识别出空间上集结的城市集群;然后以城市集群的经济和社会属性为判据开展进一步的遴选,得到城市群空间分布及其区划界线。作者使用基础地理数据、DEM数据、空间化的经济社会格网数据,应用ArcInfo Macro Language 编程技术对中国的城市群进行了识别,研究明确了2000 年中国9 大城市群的空间位置及其覆盖区域。与国内外既有认识的对比表明,本研究技术路线简单、清晰,所得的中国城市群区划成果准确,具有可参比性。 相似文献
14.
城市群范围界定方法研究——以长江三角洲城市群为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
城市群是中国推进新型城镇化的主体形态,也是中国参与全球治理的基本单元,因而关于其范围界定研究一直是地理学关注的重要议题。突出地理学自然—人文要素融合研究优势,在改进传统万有引力模型、交通可达性、金融联系网络等定量分析方法基础上,结合主体功能区、语言—文化地理和国家战略等定性方法,集成构建城市群空间范围界定综合方法,据此在上海、江苏、浙江、安徽“一市三省”内遴选出26个城市,作为长江三角洲城市群的组成范围。尝试为城市群范围界定方法研究提供一种新思路,也希望能够为相关城市群规划编制工作提供依据和参考。 相似文献
15.
交通基础设施建设与区域经济发展关系研究是交通地理学关注的焦点,但现有研究对于两者的内在关系仍存较多争议。鉴于此,将可达性不同概念纳入空间计量模型,构建包含可达性与经济变化的二阶空间滞后模型,试图从空间计量视角探讨可达性变动与区域经济发展的联系。研究显示：交通建设扩大了长江南北可达性的绝对差距,增强了长三角江苏部分城镇间的凝聚力,使苏中地区顺利融入长三角;在江苏“十一五”期间,交通建设并没有促进经济发达城镇带动周边城镇发展,但是交通建设改善了城镇发展环境,对经济持续发展有积极的作用;在加强交通基础设施建设中,应注意交通建设对经济发展的结构性效益。 相似文献
16.
长江中游城市群铁路客运联系及其空间格局演变 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于铁路客运交通流数据,借助社会网络分析方法,从外部连通、内部连通两方面分析长江中游城市群铁路客运联系及其空间格局的演变。结果表明:(1)2009年~2015年间,长江中游城市群内武汉、长沙、南昌3大中心城市在对外联系和对内联系方面均呈现"武汉最强,长沙次之,南昌最弱","马太效应"日益显著;(2)武汉、长沙、南昌三市的对外联系主导方向各异,存在明显的空间错位现象;(3)2009年~2015年间长江中游城市群内31个城市的铁路交通地位发生较大变化,武汉、长沙、南昌三市的铁路枢纽地位得到巩固与提升,与其作为三大战略支点的地位逐渐匹配;(4)长江中游城市群铁路客运网络中心化程度较低,集中趋势不明显,表现为较低水平的多中心格局;(5)2009年~2015年间,长江中游城市群铁路客运联系网络空间格局由五边形转变为"品"形,省际毗邻城市之间的联系有待进一步增强;南昌市和环鄱阳湖城市群的铁路网络建设也有待完善,以增强其在"中三角"中的支撑地位。 相似文献
17.
The Yangtze delta area is among the fastest developing areas in China. Here there are mega-cities like Shanghai, Nanjing and the attached urban areas of different sizes including those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Shanghai up to Nanjing as well as their satellite cities and towns, forming one of the most densely distributed urban areas in China. This is a case study done in Suzhou city at the center of the Yangtze delta to reflect the impact of urban sprawl on soil resources using satellite images and digital soil databases. The extent of the developed land in the studied area and the impact of development on soil resources at 1:100,000 scale are estimated and the soil types impacted most by urbanization development are determined through overlaying the soil map on the satellite images (Landsat-7) of the studied area at different times (1984, 1995, 2000 and 2003). The methodology for this study consists of analyzing data resulting from using a geographic information system (GIS) to combine urban land use maps of different times derived from satellite images with data on soil characteristics contained in the established soil databases by which some results come into being to present the fast expanding trend of urbanization in the Yangtze delta area, the urban spread and the soils occupied by the urbanization process, and also the quality of the occupied soils. 相似文献
18.
县域城镇化的有序发展和优化布局,对于推进城乡要素平等交换、产业结构优化调整、资源与市场优化配置、促进城乡融合发展与乡村振兴具有重要战略意义。研究表明：① 2000—2020年中国县域城镇化快速发展且区域差异显著,东部沿海地区、中部城郊地区和北方边境地区的县域城镇化率相对较高,而西南地区、中部农区、西藏及新疆大部分地区的县域城镇化率偏低;2020年沿“胡焕庸线”东侧的东北地区、冀北及晋陕豫地区、川东及云贵地区成为县域城镇化率高值区,珠三角地区、长三角地区、京津冀地区、成渝地区、长江中下游地区、内蒙古边境地区,以及江浙闽东南沿海一带城镇化率超过50%的县域达716个,占比38.3%。② 县域城镇化是人口、经济、社会、文化等要素综合作用的结果,经济发展水平、自然环境条件、基础设施建设、地理区位条件、公共资源供给、专业创业集群与宏观政策等影响县域城镇化的方向、范围和深度。预测到2035年中国城镇化率为76.04%,县域城镇化率为64.38%。未来要重视强化县域人口、经济、社会和空间组织结构的调整优化。③ 县域城镇化发展可分为大城市周边县域要素集聚型城镇化、专业功能县域产业集聚带动型城镇化、农产品主产区县域农业现代化引领型城镇化、重点生态功能区县域生态保育型城镇化、人口流失县域异地转移集中型城镇化等5种类型。④ 县域城镇化以县城和重点镇作为要素集聚的重要空间载体,形成居业协同与产城融合的多级体系。通过构建产业全价值链、主导产业关联集群、公共服务融合配置体系等创新路径,将推动城乡要素平等交换与公共资源均衡配置、城乡产业融合与等值化发展,促进城乡融合网络化、城乡治理体系化与资源利用集约化,为优化县域人地关系和城镇化空间体系提供持久动力。 相似文献
19.
苏州城郊土地利用变化对土壤的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1IntroductionThe conversion of natural systems to agricultural production has been the primary basis for the successful growth of human populations for the last 9,000 years (Kates etal., 1990). The conflict between urban and agricultural land use, however… 相似文献