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1.
利用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱/同位素比值质谱(GC/IRMS)对东海近岸泥质区、济州岛西南泥质区和冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物中正构烷烃的单体碳同位素组成及分布进行了分析。结果显示东海不同泥质区典型海洋藻类源正构烷烃C19同位素组成基本相似,在-27.4 ‰ ~-28.0 ‰ 之间,平均为-27.7 ‰ 。典型海洋水生植物源C23同位素组成在-28.5 ‰ ~-31.6 ‰ 之间,平均为-30.5 ‰ ,碳同位素组成从近岸泥质区到冲绳海槽北部逐渐变重,表明海槽区与陆架区海洋水生植物种类有所不同。陆架区长链正构烷烃(C25~C31)部分随着碳数的增加,其同位素组成逐渐变轻,但海槽区这一变化不大,显示陆架区的陆源高等植物蜡具有相似的物源,而冲绳海槽北部由于黑潮主干区和黑潮分支(对马暖流)对陆架沉积物进入深海的控制性阻隔作用,其物源与陆架区区别较大。现代输入东海的陆源植物以C3植物为显著优势,C3植物对近岸泥质区北部、近岸泥质区南部、远端济州岛西南泥质区和冲绳海槽北部陆源植物的贡献分别为83 % ,95 ％,75 % 和70 % 。  相似文献   

2.
东海陆架泥质区沉积有机质的物源分析   总被引：28，自引：3，他引：28  
色谱和色谱／质谱分析表明，济州鸟西南泥质区正构烷烃、姥鲛烷、植烷、藿烷和甾烷等生物标志物的特征与现代长江口、老黄河口和新黄河口的河流沉积物均区别很大，该泥质区的沉积有机质主要来源于海洋低等生物（如细菌和藻类等）以及陆源高等植物的输入，表现为不同来源和成熟度的生物标志物的混合，同时该泥质区沉积有机质与矿物碎屑沉积物来源不尽相同。长江口泥质区正构烷烃高相对分子质量部分与长江口沉积物相似，正构烷烃和藿烷所反映的有机质成熟度高于现代长江和老黄河口沉积物，甾烷的成熟度与长江相仿而明显高于老黄河口沉积物。长江口泥质区的沉积有机质主要来源于长江输入的陆源高等植物碎片和海洋源的低等生物。东海陆架近岸与远端泥质区沉积有机质的物源很不相同。  相似文献   

3.
基于海洋区域地质调查获取的1 438个粒度数据,利用Folk分类方法将中国东部海域表层沉积物划分为砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂、粉砂、砂、砂质泥、泥质砂、泥7种沉积物类型,阐述了不同沉积物类型的粒度组成和参数特征.其中,砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂和粉砂是3种最主要的沉积物类型,分别占样品总数的34.70%、24.20%和15.51%.粉砂质砂呈条带状分布在研究区的南部且向北延伸.粉砂主要分布在长江口-浙闽沿岸、渤海西部和南黄海中北部.砂主要分布在东海外陆架、扬子浅滩和苏北浅滩、朝鲜湾等海区,其中在东海外陆架海区分布最广.影响沉积物分布的主要因素有物源、水动力环境以及水深、地形、地貌等.晚第四纪冰期旋回中海平面变化和海洋环流控制陆源沉积物的入海通量和陆架沉积体系的发育过程.综合沉积物物源供给、海洋环流、冰后期海平面变化过程,基于Folk分类的动力学属性和表层沉积物类型分布,将中国东部海域表层沉积物分布划分为河口沉积、陆架泥质沉积、潮流沉积以及残留沉积等分区.不同沉积分区的形成机制和影响因素差异显著,反映出在中国东部陆架的特殊地形影响下,不同海平面时期陆源碎屑物质的运移过程.   相似文献   

4.
南黄海中部表层沉积物有机质分布与分子组成研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过分析南黄海中部501个站位表层沉积物通沉积物有机质、粒度及常量元素特征,了解有机质分布特征及影响因素,并进一步对其中64个站位的进行气相色谱（GC-FID）分析,探讨有机质分子组成。分析表明:南黄海中部总有机碳受水动力影响呈分布西低东高分布,总有机碳与Al2O3含量中值粒径依次相关特性;正构烷烃组成表明有机质主要来源于陆源高等植物,海洋浮游藻类贡献次之,陆源植物中草本植物与木本植物贡献相当,类异戊二烯烃反映了短链正构烷烃明显海洋还原沉积环境;常量元素与正构烷烃参数综合分析表明,南黄海中部陆源有机质主要来自于现代黄河、苏北古黄河输入,体现无机-有机综合分析对有机质物源判断;部分样品具有明显石油源输入特征,细菌对沉积物有机质贡献普遍存在。  相似文献   

5.
通过中国地质调查局近20年对中国东部海域的高精度调查取样,对渤海、黄海和东海表层沉积物中的稀土元素数据进行了系统总结,旨在揭示其赋存特征、分布规律及其控制因素。结果表明,整个中国东部海域大致可以划分为4个稀土含量富集区,分别位于渤海西部泥质区、南黄海中部泥质区、济州岛西南泥质区以及东海内陆架泥质区,富集区内的表层沉积物稀土含量普遍高于180 mg/g;稀土元素的球粒陨石配分模式和UCC配分模式显示出各海域较为一致的总体特征,与中国大陆的稀土元素分配曲线类似,指示了较强的陆源特征。通过对稀土元素各特征参数的相关性分析,发现与中国东部海域稀土元素含量相关性最强的是δEu,呈明显负相关,其次是沉积物的平均粒径,呈明显正相关。利用δEu-(La/Yb) n物源判别图对这4个稀土含量富集区的样品进行判别,结果表明渤海西部泥质区和南黄海中部泥质区的沉积物具有同源性;南黄海东南部的济州岛西南部泥质区除了有来自长江和黄河物质以外,朝鲜半岛东南部的河流输入作用也不可忽视;东海内陆架泥质区北端的沉积物基本来源自长江,而南端则表现出不同的稀土分馏特征,很可能与闽浙沿岸和台湾岛中小河流的输入有关。大型河流和中小河流带来的物源、沉积物粒度以及海域流系格局控制了中国东部海域表层沉积物稀土元素的地球化学特征。  相似文献   

6.
东海陆架泥质区沉积地球化学比较研究   总被引：38，自引：4，他引：34  
利用东海陆架泥质沉积区和周围砂质沉积区的表层沉积物元素含量和海水悬浮沉积物总量分析资料,对泥质区的沉积地球化学进行了比较研究。结果表明东海不同泥质区的沉积地球化学过程很不相同。浙江近岸泥质区沉积物元素以Fe、Mn、Zn的含量高,Na、Sr、Al、Ca的含量低为特征,其地球化学特征与长江沉积物非常一致。近岸泥质区的沉积物基本来源于长江输入海的沉积物,在台湾暖流的作用下沉积在浙江沿岸。远岸济州岛西南泥质区沉积物以Na、Sr的高含量,较高的Al、Ca含量和低的Fe、Mn、Zn含量为特征,其地球化学特征与黄河源沉积物有好的相关性,但有一定的混合源性质,该泥质区的沉积物主要来源于黄河源的细颗粒沉积物,由黄海沿岸流搬运到该区并沉积下来。沉积物在搬运沉积过程中,元素粒度分异作用明显。东海陆架泥质区沉积地球化学过程的控制性影响因子是东海环流系统和物源,其中台湾暖流对东海陆架远岸和近岸泥质区的沉积地球化学分区具有关键作用。  相似文献   

7.
为探究边缘海区域由陆架到深海盆脂类的分布模式及其指示的生物源的空间变化特征,对采集于南海4个不同水深断面的表层沉积物脂肪酸进行了系统研究.从表层沉积物中检出丰富的脂肪酸,包括直链饱和脂肪酸、直链不饱和脂肪酸和支链脂肪酸等.其中,高碳数直链脂肪酸（≥C20）主要来源于陆源高等植物的输入,低碳数直链脂肪酸主要来源于藻类的贡献,低碳数支链（包括异构和反异构）脂肪酸主要来源于细菌贡献.高碳数脂肪酸指示的高等植物输入,在南海沿岸区的高值与河流的输入有关,而在深海盆的高值可能与洋流、风尘输入等有关.低碳数支链脂肪酸指示的细菌分布在南海北部沿岸表现出高值,在深海盆表现出较低的分布模式.低碳数直链脂肪酸表征的浮游植物的贡献在南海北部表现出高值,在深海盆局部区域也表现出高值分布.细菌和浮游植物在南海北部表现出的高值,可能与丰富的营养盐条件有关.而浮游植物在深海盆的分布模式,可能受到洋流以及其他输入的影响.   相似文献   

8.
元素地球化学是沉积物源判别和环境研究的重要手段,但河口海岸地区沉积动力环境复杂多变,人类活动影响强烈,全岩沉积地球化学的示踪研究存在局限性和多解性。选择长江下游干流悬浮物、东海陆架表层沉积物以及长江口具有一百多年沉积记录的ZK6孔,通过化学相态分析（1 N HCl处理）,探究酸溶态微量元素组成特征及其对河口环境变迁的指示。相较于钻孔全岩样品,酸溶态Sr/Ba比能更可靠地反映河口古盐度和海陆相沉积环境的变化。ZK6孔沉积物酸溶态稀土元素（REE）主要赋存于Mn氧化物中,Mn、ΣREE含量、Ce/Ce*以及Sr/Ba比在1899—2007年间呈三段式变化,主要反映长江河口流路分汊和主泓位置改变引起的河口沉积环境变化,进而影响河口环境中活跃元素和次生组分在沉积地层中的保存记录。该研究对今后深化认识复杂河口环境下微量元素地球化学行为以及微量元素示踪海洋环境变化具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

9.
中国东部陆架(渤、黄、东海)是欧亚大陆和太平洋之间的一个重要物质交换通道,其周边的河流每年向海输入了大量的细颗粒沉积物。这些物质在海洋动力(潮流、波浪、环流等)的作用下形成了多个泥质沉积区(带)。过去的数十年间,国内外学者对东部陆架海沉积物扩散和沉积动力机制进行了深入的研究,但是,目前对陆架泥质沉积的形成机制以及沉积物收支情况还存在争议。本文利用整理的现代沉积速率资料,从物源控制的角度出发,研究了各泥质沉积区10～100a尺度的沉积速率和沉积通量的分布规律,并与全新世泥质沉积记录进行对比,指出物源是控制这些泥质沉积形成的主要因素。河流携带入海物质是这些泥质沉积的主要"源",而这些泥质区是典型的"汇"。小型河流河口沉积过程和物质贡献需引起重视。定量化物源分析需结合物源供应等方面的资料,在遵守沉积物收支平衡的前提下进行。  相似文献   

10.
陈静  赵宝成  战庆 《沉积学报》2014,32(4):692-699
随着长江入海泥沙减少,长江三角洲响应问题越来越受到关注。本文选取对水动力变化较为敏感的水下三角洲与陆架过渡区域,通过对钻孔沉积物进行210Pb 和137Cs同位素定年和粒度参数分析,并提取敏感粒级含量及平均粒径垂向变化,尝试探讨其对近百年来长江河口河势变化以及入海泥沙减少的响应。研究发现1954年之前,该区沉积物颗粒较细,粒度参数特征接近现代河口泥质区沉积物,敏感粒径特征反映出河流作用影响较强,说明当时处于泥质区沉积范围;之后沉积物明显粗化,参数特征向陆架残留砂过渡,海洋动力的影响明显增强,并带入陆架粗颗粒物质,说明当时泥质区南移,该区处于河口和陆架沉积过渡区。推测这一变化主要和1954年后长江口北支河道萎缩有关,该区从长江水沙覆盖范围内变为水沙向海输运的边界上,海洋动力对沉积物改造加剧,导致沉积物粗化。同时,并未发现该区沉积物对1980年代后长江入海泥沙显著下降有所响应。近期发现的长江口外泥-砂分界线的西移很可能也包含着河口河势变化而导致的沉积物粗化的贡献。  相似文献   

11.
A systematic study of the lipid composition of thirteen bacterial species and three Recent sediments (methanogenic sediment, cyanobacterial mat and evaporative gypsum crust) was undertaken in an attempt to recognize bacterial organic matter in sediments. A sequential method, which distinguishes between three different modes of occurrence of lipid moieties (free, OH−- and H+-labile), was applied. The acid-labile fractions are discussed.The three main groups of bacteria, archaebacteria, gram-positive eubacteria and gram-negative eubacteria, are easily distinguished. Methanogenic and extremely halophilic archaebacteria are characterized by the presence of diphytanyl glyceryl ether and the absence of fatty acids. The gram-positive eubacteria contain primarily iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids whereas the gram-negative bacteria and sediments are dominated by β- and α-hydroxy fatty acids. A wide variety of H+-labile hydroxy fatty acids was observed which included several, as yet unknown, structures.β-Hydroxy fatty acids in this H+-labile mode of occurrence are exclusively present in bacteria. Their distribution patterns in sediments are considered “fingerprints” of past and present bacterial populations. The specific differences in β -hydroxy fatty acid compositions observed in the different bacteria and the three sediments investigated, suggest that amide-linked β-hydroxy fatty acid patterns are useful as markers of bacterial populations and therefore of environmental conditions.  相似文献   

12.
In this work, we use Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) data to quantify the changes of major chemical compound classes (carboxylic acid, amide, ester, aliphatic, aromatic and carbohydrate) in high molecular weight (HMW, >1 kDa) dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated along a transect through the Elizabeth River/Chesapeake Bay system to the coastal Atlantic Ocean off Virginia, USA. Results show that carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds are lost along the transect, while HMW DOC becomes enriched in carbohydrate moieties that could have a mid-transect source, perhaps the intensive red tide bloom (Choclodinium polykrikoides) which occurred during our sampling period. Taking the second derivative of the FTIR spectra resolved three pools of de-protonated carboxylic acids at our Dismal Swamp site (used to represent terrestrial organic matter in this area): one carboxylic acid pool, complexed with iron, seems to be lost between the Dismal Swamp and river sites; the second appears biogeochemically active throughout the riverine transect, disappearing in the coastal ocean sample; the third seems refractory, with the potential to be transported to and to accumulate within the open ocean. Five-member ring esters (γ-lactones) were the major ester form in the Dismal Swamp; aliphatic and acetate esters were the dominant esters in the estuary/marine DOM. No amide groups were detectable in Dismal Swamp DOM; secondary amides were present at the estuarine/marine sites. Coupling FTIR with 13C NMR provides new insights into the biogeochemical roles of carboxylic acid, amide and ester compounds in aquatic ecosystems.  相似文献   

13.
The stability and structure of aqueous complexes formed by trivalent antimony (SbIII) with carboxylic acids (acetic, adipic, malonic, lactic, oxalic, tartaric, and citric acid), phenols (catechol), and amino acids (glycine) having O- and N-functional groups (carboxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and amine) typical of natural organic matter, were determined at 20 and 60 °C from solubility and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy measurements. In organic-free aqueous solutions and in the presence of acetic, adipic, malonic acids and glycine, both spectroscopic and solubility data are consistent with the dominant formation of SbIII hydroxide species, , at strongly acid, acid-to-neutral and basic pH, respectively, demonstrating negligible complexing with mono-functional organic ligands (acetic) or those having non adjacent carboxylic groups (adipic, malonic). In contrast, in the presence of poly-functional carboxylic and hydroxy-carboxylic acids and catechol, SbIII forms stable 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with the studied organic ligands over a wide pH range typical of natural waters (3 < pH < 9). XAFS spectroscopy measurements show that in these species the central SbIII atom has a distorted pseudo-trigonal pyramidal geometry composed of the lone pair of 5s2 electrons of Sb and four oxygen atoms from two adjacent functional groups of the ligand (OC-OH and/or COH), forming a five-membered bidendate chelate cycle. Stability constants for these species, generated from Sb2O3 (rhomb.) solubility experiments, were used to model Sb complexing with natural humic acids possessing the same functional groups as those investigated in this study. Our predictions show that in an aqueous solution of pH between 2 and 10, containing 1 μg/L of Sb and 5 mg/L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), up to 35% of total dissolved Sb binds to aqueous organic matter via carboxylic and hydroxy-carboxylic groups. This amount of complexed Sb for typical natural DOC concentrations is in agreement with that estimated from dialysis experiments performed with commercial humic acid in our work and those available in the literature for a range of standardized IHSS humic acids. Our results imply that a significant part of Sb is likely to be bound with humic acids via hydroxy-carboxylic moieties, in the form of bidendate complexes. However, following the strong chemical affinity of SbIII for reduced sulfur, some undefined fraction of SbIII might also be bound to the minor thiol-bearing moieties of humic acids; further studies are required to check this hypothesis.  相似文献   

14.
The triglyceride fraction, isolated from extractable lipids of a diatomaceous ooze off shore Walvis Bay (S.W. Africa) by TLC methods, was analyzed by direct probe low and high resolution mass spectrometry. The mass spectral data reveal the fatty acid moieties and their relative distribution in the triglycerides identified. The C12, C14, C15 and C16 are the major composing fatty acid moieties. The triglycerides are thought to be present in protective structures such as diatom spores, which were found to be present by scanning electron microscopy.  相似文献   

15.
This study examined the interaction between Cr(VI) and a Fe-rich soil in the presence of low-molecular-weight organic acids as a function of pH. Oxalic and tartaric acids were chosen since they existed in soils commonly. Batch experiments showed that adsorption of Cr(VI) by the soil within the pH range examined was inhibited in the presence of oxalic acid, which was more pronounced when the initial ratio of [oxalic acid]/[Cr(VI)] was raised from 1:1 to 2:1. With the addition of tartaric acid, concentration of Cr(VI) in equilibrium solutions was far less than that of single adsorbate system across the pH wide (2.5–5.5), which was noticeable especially at low pH. The results were attributed to Cr(VI) adsorption and, particularly, the soil surface catalyzed reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by tartaric acid. The data reported in this paper suggested that the mobility, the bioavailability, and the toxicity of Cr(VI) in soil environments might be greatly affected by pH, the presence and nature of low-weight-molecular organic acids (oxalic and tartaric acids).  相似文献   

16.
Vegetation at mining sites can produce increased heavy metal leaching by the organic acids and protons originating from root secretion and litter degradation. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic acids and pH on the extraction of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu from an alkaline mine soil (sampled from a mining site of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province) and an acid mine soil (sampled from a mining site of Daxin county, Guangxi Province). The results showed that in the presence of organic acids (acetic, oxalic, malic, fumaric, tartaric and citric acids) at pH 7, the extraction of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu from the acid mine soil was much higher than that from the alkaline mine soil, in which only citric acid with higher concentration was capable of extracting some heavy metals. Citric acid had the strongest ability in extracting heavy metals, followed by oxalic acid. Heavy metal extraction dramatically decreased with increasing pH. Moreover, at low pH, oxalic acid promoted the risk of Cu leaching; at high pH, the leaching of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu was enhanced by both oxalic and citric acids. This indicated that those plants, which can produce substantial citric acid or oxalic acid by root secretion and litter degradation, should not be selected for the revegetation of mining sites.  相似文献   

17.
Organic acids were released from marine sediments by acid hydrolysis. Ion-exchange chromatography and GC-MS were used to separate and identify the acids. The major compounds detected were galacturonic, glucuronic, mannuronic, 4-O-methylglucuronic, cellobiouronic, guluronic, glyceric, glycolic, lactic and erythronic acids. Numerous biouronic (sugar-uronic acid compounds) and aldonic acids were also found. The low abundance of uronic acids characteristic of terrigenous plants and the similarity of the biouronic composition to that of marine algae indicate a marine algal source for the acids in the sediment. Results from the Black Sea are compared with those from the Baltic Sea and several diagenetic transformations are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Analyses of fractionated aqueous extracts of the Murchison meteorite by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after silylation with N-methyl-N (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide have revealed an extensive series of linear and cyclic aliphatic amides. These include monocarboxylic acid amides, dicarboxylic acid monoamides, hydroxy acid amides, lactams, carboxy lactams, lactims, N-acetyl amino acids, and substituted hydantoins. Numerous isomers and homologues through at least C8 were observed in all cases, except for the N-acetyl amino acids and hydantoins. Carboxy lactams, lactams, hydantoins, and N-acetyl amino acids are converted to amino acids by acid hydrolysis, thus, these compounds qualitatively account for the earlier observation of acid-labile amino acid precursors in meteoritic extracts. Laboratory studies of the spontaneous decomposition of N-carbamyl-alpha-amino acids and their dehydration products, the 5-substituted hydantoins, have led to the recognition of a series of aqueous phase reactions by which amino acids and cyanic acid/cyanate ion in the primitive parent body might have given rise to several of the observed classes of amides, as well as to monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, and hydroxy acids. A previously undescribed reaction of 5-substituted hydantoins with cyanic acid/cyanate ion to give carboxamides of the 5-substituent groups was observed in the course of these studies. The presence of an extensive suite of amides in a CM chondrite appears to be consistent with the interstellar-parent body formation hypothesis for the organic compounds of these meteorites. The presence of carboxy lactams and lactams along with free amino acids suggests the possibility of further chemical evolution of meteorite amino acids by thermal polymerization. The cyclic amides, given their potential for hydrogen-bonded pair formation, might be considered candidate bases for a primitive sequence coding system.  相似文献   

19.
土壤和白菜中低分子量有机酸的气相色谱分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
利用甲醇-硫酸混合液(体积比10∶7)对土壤和白菜中低分子量有机酸同时进行提取和甲酯化衍生,然后利用二氯甲烷液-液萃取,气相色谱法分析。土壤中7种低分子量有机酸(草酸、丙二酸、反丁烯二酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、L-苹果酸、柠檬酸)的添加回收率为81.93%~95.58%,白菜中的添加回收率为84.78%~106.99%,方法的检出限为0.72~4.14 mg/kg。方法用于测定根际、非根际土壤和白菜根系、茎叶中的低分子量有机酸,结果准确可靠。  相似文献   

20.
Five surface sediment samples (0–3 cm), two suspended sediment samples and a zooplankton sample from Lake Ontario were analysed for nitrogen-containing compounds. Amino acids, amino sugars, ethanolamine and urea were separated and characterized by ion-exchange chromatography. Free amino acids and soluble combined amino acids and amino sugars accounted for less than 0–25 per cent of the total nitrogen in the sediments. Insoluble combined amino acids and amino sugars were the most abundant nitrogen fraction in the sediments, making up from 49 to 55 per cent of the total nitrogen. Evidence is presented that asparagine, glutamine and citrulline are present in the interstitial waters and may make up part of the sediment organic nitrogen that was not characterized.The free amino acids released by the proteolytic enzyme, pronase, from the interstitial waters and sediment humic and fulvic acid extracts were determined. Pronase released 65 per cent of the soluble combined amino acids and 34 per cent of the fulvic acid amino acids as free amino acids. Enzyme activity was inhibited in the presence of the humic acid extract. The results indicate that the combined amino acids in the interstitial waters and fulvic acid extracts are intermediates between the primary aquatic detritus and the sediment humic acids. The enzyme experiments and infra-red data indicate that part of the sediment amino acids are combined through peptide linkages.  相似文献   

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