共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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“两税”下放，自然有利于充盈县市财政，至于和诟病已久的“土地财政”有何关联？是遏制“土地财政”还是助推“土地财政”，抑或两者的关系“剪不断理还乱”？ 相似文献
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＂现在一边倒地否定土地财政,似乎它一无是处,是十分危险的。过去二十年,中国经济的高速发展很大程度上就是建立在土地财政基础上的。某种意义上讲,土地财政乃是中国经济发展模式的核心竞争力!＂ 相似文献
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土地财政与土地金融折射土地制度与土地政策。现行征地制度是从计划经济演化而来,政府经营土地制度则是城市土地使用制度改革的结果。这两个制度的结合,形成土地财政和土地金融。现行土地制度导致的土地利用粗放、土地资源浪费严重、透支未来收益、社会分配不公等弊端日益显露。土地制度的未来走向,应适应社会主义市场经济的要求,赋予农民完全的土地财产权;政府最终必须退出土地直接经营活动。彻底改革现行征地制度和政府经营土地制度,必须进一步解放思想。 相似文献
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农村集体建设用地入市及其对土地财政的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《上海国土资源》2016,(4)
城市化快速推进、农村集体建设用地流转受限和地方土地财政依赖症等问题凸显并引发了一系列的社会经济问题。从农村集体建设用地流转的背景和演变、农村集体建设用地流转的必要性和重要性、农村集体建设用地入市对土地财政的影响三方面展开论证。结果表明:农村集体建设用地入市可能会造成地方政府土地财政的失衡;集体建设用地入市流转后城市土地供给量增加,土地价格下降,地方政府获取的土地收入减少,有利于促进政府职能的转变和土地收益分配机制的改进,但不可能一次性消除土地财政的依赖症状。未来要减少政府的直接干预,强化集体土地产权制度建设;完善我国农村土地征收制度是建设城乡统一建设用地市场的关键;以规划为导向,以法律为后盾来保障城乡统一的建设用地市场运行;建立完善的土地增值税收体系和分配机制。 相似文献
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当前,一些地方政府把＂以地生财＂和建立＂土地财政＂作为获得地方发展资金的目标,不惜手段＂经营土地＂,在＂以地生财＂、＂第二财政＂和＂经营城市＂的口号下过度介入房地产市场;有的甚至歪用＂招拍挂＂政策,让地价飞涨,天价土地频出。 相似文献
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《上海国土资源》2021,(2)
在财政赤字和政策制度等压力下,地方政府"双二手"供地策略使得公共物品供给不均衡、产业结构升级滞后等问题日益突出,地区经济增长缓慢。本文基于2004～2017年全国282个地级市的面板数据,实证分析公共物品和产业结构门槛下土地财政对经济增长的影响,并进一步验证门槛效应的区域差异。研究结果表明:土地财政对经济增长的影响系数在跨过公共物品和产业结构第二门槛后分别下降了0.04、0.07;在跨过第二门槛值后,东中部地区土地财政对经济增长的影响系数普遍低于西部地区。由此可见,土地财政对经济增长具有明显的门槛效应,尤其是在东中部地区。具体影响路径包括公共基础设施的重复建设、房地产和低端制造业的无序扩张。提出了提高民生指标在官方考核中的比重、扩大节能环保产业土地供应、加强西部地区基础设施建设等政策建议。 相似文献
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土地储备制度是地方政府土地财政的创收手段，因此土地财政是土地价格上涨的根源。土地价格上涨推动了房地产价格上涨，如果不从源头入手改革，那么对房地产的调控也只能“治标”不能“治本”。 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2017
In Vietnam, initial programs to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) have proliferated through international finance and new governance regimes for climate change mitigation. National capacity and legal frameworks have been adjusted to make the country eligible for REDD+ financing. In some local areas, activities have been implemented to ‘produce’ carbon credits intended for the international voluntary carbon market. Through a case study of a pilot REDD+ project in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, we examine how REDD+ has intersected with property rights institutions and agrarian change to influence changing property relations and commodity markets. Our findings show that REDD+ implemented through state and local institutions has articulated with the local political economy to coproduce conditions that embody local norms, needs, and desires. Specifically, local actors negotiate state-sanctioned tenurial instruments used for REDD+ governance, not for the purposes of carbon sequestration but instead in order to reassert their rights to land and forest for the cultivation of boom crops—the antithesis of REDD+ objectives. In the fine balancing act of adjusting local forestland holdings, REDD+ implementation has effectively facilitated increased opportunities for upland villagers to strategically claim land titles from local political authorities in the form of communal land certificates for forests called ‘Red Books’. In securing communal Red Books, villagers redefine or co-constitute the purpose of REDD+ to secure land for cash crop and commercial timber production. As with other forms of environmental governance, REDD+ is thus co-constituted locally in line with state and local institutions and histories and present day realities. 相似文献
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This paper uses investment data for the period 1994–2008 and information from in-depth interviews with key informants in Ethiopian government agencies and 15 entrepreneurs who returned to Ethiopia to start business ventures, to assess the success of the Ethiopian government in attracting diaspora investment. The study found that diaspora investment was highly concentrated geographically and sectorally. Among the significant issues facing diasporan investors were access to land, access to finance, lack of reliable information, poor contract enforcement and frequent changes in government policies and sectoral priorities. The authors recommend the development of frameworks for the enforcement of laws and standards to make investing in Ethiopia more attractive. They also propose that the government consider the long-term sustainability of policies before they are implemented, foster diversification and the better use of the country’s natural resource clusters, and establish policies that facilitate the circulation of knowledge and skills through input from expatriate professionals and experts. 相似文献
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Sarker Md. Nazirul Islam Peng Yang Khatun Most. Nilufa Alam G. M. Monirul Shouse Roger C. Amin Md. Ruhul 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(2):1115-1132
Bangladesh is one of the topmost climate vulnerable countries in the world where the riverine island (char) dwellers are the most victims of climate change. Climate finance is perceived as the key instruments to address the issues related to climate change impacts and improve the livelihood resilience of the rural people. This article examines the role of climate finance governance at the vulnerable hazard-prone chars in Bangladesh. Climate finance adaptation governance has been assessed through measuring the climate service intervention, behavioral changes and impacts at the local level. The study reveals that the mechanism of climate finance in Bangladesh is good enough, but implementation is not satisfactory. It also observed that there is a lack of participatory governance for disaster management, and there is no direct contribution of climate finance governance in the village level which causes to fail the existing implementation strategy. The study suggests that a riverine island-based long-term development program should be implemented through ensuring effective monitoring system so that climate finance governance can contribute a lot and improve the food security and livelihood resilience of char dwellers.
相似文献15.
Lindsey Appleyard 《Geoforum》2011,42(2):250-258
The financial exclusion of enterprise is a concept that has been largely neglected by economic geographers. This is surprising given the attention dedicated to personal financial exclusion and alternative sources of finance. This paper compares financial inclusion policies in deprived areas of the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) through the example of Community Development Finance Institutions (CDFIs). CDFIs help overcome financial exclusion by providing local sources of loan finance to micro, small-and-medium-sized enterprises and social enterprises. Drawing upon interviews with key actors within the CDFI sector in the US and UK respectively, the paper aims to compare the CDFI landscape across the US and UK through the provision of finance for enterprise. This is in order to understand the geographies of finance that are being created by such alternative financial institutions thereby contributing to financial inclusion debates. The research concludes that although CDFIs do provide an important source of finance to excluded enterprises, policy initiatives have created uneven geographical coverage and market gaps leaving marked spaces of financial exclusion. 相似文献
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Mazen Labban 《Geoforum》2010,41(4):541-552
Relations between oil scarcity, production, investment, and price have become increasingly mediated and shaped by financial markets. Yet, the mediation of finance is absent in peak oil narratives, which posit a direct relation between the availability of oil in the ground and its price on the market. The orthodox critique of peak oil deconstructs its basis in geological limits only to reproduce the argument from scarcity and reverse the relationship between the price of oil and its availability on the market. Both narratives are formulated in physical space and do not account for the degree to which the oil market has become infused by the logic of finance. Critical political economy, on the other hand, demonstrates the extent to which finance has transformed capital accumulation, only to render material production somewhat irrelevant to the accumulation of capital. This is equally problematic, given oil companies’ continuing investment in production and reserve expansion. The relation between accumulation, investment, and production under finance needs to be examined rather than discarded. I argue that finance has emancipated the circulation of oil in the world market from its circulation in physical space, fragmenting the oil market into a physical and a financial component, but reintegrating both under the dominance of financial logic without transcending their duality and their differences. I explicate this relation by examining the circulation of oil in trade and investment under the dictates of finance to open questions on current theorizations of oil scarcity in relation to prices, markets, and investment. 相似文献
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Michael Pryke 《Geoforum》2007,38(3):576-588
The paper adopts a cultural economy approach to explore the emergence of a market in so-called weather derivatives, referred to in the paper as a form of ‘geomoney’. These are specially designed financial products that allow firms to protect their profits against the impact of changing weather conditions. The paper approaches the emergence of this market, and the issues its growth raises, in three interlinked stages. Weather derivatives are located amongst the hybrid collective that is contemporary finance and are analysed through the conceptual apparatus afforded by a cultural economy approach to finance. The paper employs this analytical line to examine the assumptions and models that enable the weather to be turned into a risk and then be transported and traded within capital markets. Through specific examples of weather products together with a discussion of the International Finance Corporation’s recent involvement in this market, the paper suggests something of the ‘world making’ capabilities of finance theory and the politics of finance often hidden beneath the mathematical models. The paper concludes by highlighting not only the usefulness of a cultural economy of finance to geographers but, in light of the examples discussed, the need for cultural economy to recognise and to engage critically in its analysis the politics that such a conceptual approach to the making of financial markets exposes. 相似文献
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国有地质勘查单位如何适应财政支出体制改革 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
国有地质勘查单位经费来源主要是各级财政拨款。我国为建立公共财政体系,近年来一直在进行财政体制改革,而财政支出体制改革包括国有地质勘查单位使用的财政资金等所有财政资金支出,直接影响国有地质勘查单位的资金使用,因此国有地质勘查单位应熟悉财政支出体制改革的主要措施：金财工程、国库集中收付、公务卡、非税收入、部门预算、政府采购、国有资产管理等,在进行会计核算和修订内部管理制度时主动对接。 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2015
In the last four years, carbon-intensive, coal-dependent South Africa has become one of the leading global destinations for renewable energy investment. This investment can be attributed to the unprecedented take off of the country’s Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers’ Programme (RE IPPPP), a bidding process for the procurement of privately generated, utility scale renewable energy, launched in August 2011. Asserting that energy must be studied within the broader economic, political and social forces in which it is embedded, I explore the fundamental role that different modes of finance have played in shaping South Africa’s emerging renewable energy sector within the context of the country’s unique system of accumulation characterised by its minerals-energy complex (MEC) (Fine and Rustomjee, 1996). I focus on finance and financialisation as growing features within the MEC. I further examine the tension or incompatibility between commercial demands for ‘bankability’, short-term shareholder value and impatient finance and RE IPPPP’s unique requirements for community ownership of projects and the realisation of economic development criteria. I find that a reconfiguration of long-standing MEC actors, particularly in the realms of finance is taking place as they merge with new sources of foreign capital. 相似文献