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1.
All interstellar methanol maser sources can be divided into two classes. Their spectra are distinctive. In particular, the
prominent Class II maser transitions, 6.7GHz and 12.2GHz lines show enhanced absorption toward Class I sources. We notice
that the 6.7 and 12.2GHz methanol masers toward Class II sources are associated with each other and coexist toward ultracompact
HII regions. Therefore we suggest a new pumping mechanism – methanol masers without population inversion. It can be used to
explain the formation of 6.7GHz methanol masers while the 12.2GHz methanol masers are regarded as driving coherent microwave
field. In this paper, we demonstrate that the new mechanism is associated with astronomical conditions and does not contradict
with other mechanisms.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Ye Xu Xing-Wu Zheng Dong-Rong JiangNational Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi xuye@nju.edu.cnShanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Department of Astronomy Nanjing University Nanjing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2003,3(1):49-68
We present a statistical analysis of 482 6.7 GHz methanol maser sources from the available literature, on their maser emission and the characteristics of their associated infrared sources. On the color-color diagram, more than 70% of the objects fall within a very small region (0.57 ≤ [25 - 12] ≤ 1.30 and 1.30 ≤[60 - 12] ≤ 2.50). This suggests that 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission occurs only within a very short evolutionary phase during the earliest stage of star formation. The velocity ranges of the masers belong to two main groups: one from 1 to 10 km s^-1, and one from about 11 to 20 km s^-1. These velocity ranges indicate that the masers are probably associated with both disks and outflows. The correlations between the maser and infrared flux densities, and between the maser and infrared luminosities, suggest that far-infrared radiation is a possible pumping mechanism for the masers which most probably originate from some outer molecular envelopes or disks. 相似文献
3.
Jarken Esimbek 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2005,5(5):557-562
A maser spectral line system is newly implemented on the Urumqi 25m Radio Telescope. The system consists mainly of a cooling receiver and a 4096 channels digital correlation spectrometer. The frequency resolution of the spectrometer at the maximum signal bandwidth of 80MHz is 19.5kHz. After careful calibrations observation at the 1665 MHz OH maser emission was made towards a number of sources, including W49N and W75N. The observed results demonstrate that the digital correlation spectrometer is suitable for astronomical spectral line observations. 相似文献
4.
Wu Yue-fang Shi Jian-rong Wang Jun-zhi Jiang Dong-rong Huang Xin-yong 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1999,23(4):111-462
Using the 25-m telescope of Shanghai Observatory, Joint Radio Astronomy Laboratory, 19 known maser sources and 20 candidates in H II regions were surveyed for water vapour maser emission at 22.2 GHz. 21 sources were detected, of which two are for the first time. Combining with some previous data, the time variations in the flux and velocity are obtained and discussed. Time variation in the peak flux density is common and is of two types, a change in the intensity of the same peak, and a swapping-over of two peaks. The corresponding IRAS sources were identified and the relation between the maser emission and the infrared parameters discussed. It is shown that maser production rate is more sensitive to the infrared flux intensity than the infrared colour distribution. 相似文献
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6.
N. A. Silant’ev E. E. Lekht J. E. Mendosa-Torres A. M. Tolmachev 《Astronomy Letters》2002,28(4):217-222
We present a possible formation mechanism of the asymmetry in the maser emission line of H2O sources associated with star-forming regions. Observations with the RT-22 radio telescope at the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory are used. We analyze the line profiles of emission features in the sources G43.8-0.1, NGC 2071, and ON1. If the line is asymmetric, the left (low-velocity) wing is higher than the right wing. The proposed mechanism accounts for the observed asymmetry and makes it possible to estimate some physical parameters of the medium in the vicinity of a maser spot. 相似文献
7.
S. Goedhart V. Minier M. J. Gaylard D. J. van der Walt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,356(3):839-848
The class II methanol maser source G9.62+0.20E undergoes periodic flares at both 6.7 and 12.2 GHz. The flare starting in 2001 October was observed at seven epochs over three months using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 12.2 GHz. High angular resolution images (beam size ∼1.7 × 0.6 mas ) were obtained, enabling us to observe changes in 16 individual maser components. It was found that while existing maser spots increased in flux density, no new spots developed and no changes in morphology were observed. This rules out any mechanism which disturbs the masing region itself, implying that the flares are caused by a change in either the seed or pump photon levels. A time delay of one to two weeks was observed between groups of maser features. These delays can be explained by light travel time between maser groups. The regularity of the flares can possibly be explained by a binary system. 相似文献
8.
L. Harvey-Smith † R. J. Cohen 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,371(4):1550-1558
Images of the 6.7-GHz methanol maser emission from W3(OH) made at 50- and 100-mas angular resolution with the Multi-Element Radio-Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) are presented. The masers lie across the western face of the ultracompact H ii region in extended filaments which may trace large-scale shocks. There is a complex interrelation between the 6.7-GHz methanol masers and hydroxyl (OH) masers at 1.7 and 4.7 GHz. Together the two species trace an extended filamentary structure that stretches at least 3100 au across the face of the ultracompact H ii region. The dominant 6.7-GHz methanol emission coincides with the radio continuum peak and is populated by masers with broad spectral lines. The 6.7-GHz methanol emission is elongated at position angle 50° with a strong velocity gradient, and bears many similarities to the methanol maser disc structure reported in NGC 7538. It is surrounded by arcs of ground state OH masers at 1.7 GHz and highly excited OH masers at 13.44 GHz, some of which have the brightest methanol masers at their focus. We suggest that this region hosts the excitation centre for the ultracompact H ii region. 相似文献
9.
Ye Xu 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2001,1(5):389-394
LETTERS1 INTRODUCTIONNew1y formed massive stars are obscured by dust, and their clearest signature is oftenat radio frequencies from strong maser emission. Methanol maser emission arises from severaItransitions, the strongest being the 5o -- 61A line at 6.7 GHz, which is also the second strongestGalactic masers of any molecule, first reported by Meaten (1991) and recognized as typical ofClass II masers. CIass II methanol masers are always found in regions of receat massive starfOr… 相似文献
10.
D. J. van der Walt S. Goedhart M. J. Gaylard 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,398(2):961-970
We present the light curves of the 6.7 and 12.2 GHz methanol masers in the star-forming region G9.62+0.20E for a time-span of more than 2600 d. The earlier reported period of 244 d is confirmed. The results of monitoring the 107 GHz methanol maser for two flares are also presented. The results show that flaring occurs in all three masing transitions. It is shown that the average flare profiles of the three masing transitions are similar. The 12.2 GHz masers are the most variable of the three masers with the largest relative amplitude having a value of 2.4. The flux densities for the different masing transitions are found to return to the same level during the low phase of the masers, suggesting that the source of the periodic flaring is situated outside the masing region, and that the physical conditions in the masing region are relatively stable. On the basis of the shape of the light curve we excluded stellar pulsations as the underlying mechanism for the periodicity. It is argued that a colliding wind binary can account for the observed periodicity and provide a mechanism to qualitatively explain periodicity in the seed photon flux and/or the pumping radiation field. It is also argued that the dust cooling time is too short to explain the decay time of about 100 d of the maser flare. A further analysis has shown that for the intervals from days 48 to 66 and from days 67 to 135 the decay of the maser light curve can be interpreted as due to the recombination of a thermal hydrogen plasma with densities of approximately 1.6 × 106 cm−3 and 6.0 × 105 cm−3 , respectively. 相似文献
11.
S. Etoka R. J. Cohen M. D. Gray 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,360(3):1162-1170
We present single-baseline Multi-Element Radio-Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) measurements of excited OH 6.0-GHz masers and methanol 6.7-GHz masers for the source W3(OH). These allow us to compare the positions of individual maser spots of these two species to ∼15 mas accuracy for the first time, and to compare these with previously published positions of ground-state OH masers near 1.7 GHz and excited-state OH masers near 4.7 GHz. There is a strong association between OH 6035-MHz and 1665-MHz masers. OH and methanol have very similar distributions, but associations of individual masers are relatively rare: most methanol 6.7-GHz masers are within 100 mas of OH 6.0-GHz masers, but only four methanol masers are within 15 mas of an OH 6.0-GHz maser. There are no correspondences of either species with excited OH 4.7-GHz masers. Zeeman splitting of the 6.0-GHz OH lines indicates an ordered magnetic field ranging from 3.2 to 14.4 mG. The magnetic fields estimated from co-propagating masers such as 6035 and 1665 MHz are generally in good agreement with each other. 相似文献
12.
Maxim Voronkov Andrej Sobolev Simon Ellingsen Andrei Ostrovskii Alexei Alakoz 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,295(1-2):217-223
We report the detection with the ATCA of 6.7 GHz methanol emission towards OMC-1. The source has a size between 40 and 90, is located to the south-east of Ori-KL and may coincide in position with the 25 GHz masers. The source may be an example of an interesting case recently predicted in theory where the transitions of traditionally different methanol maser classes show maser activity simultaneously. In addition, results of recent search for methanol masers from the 25 and 104.3 GHz transitions are reported. 相似文献
13.
S. Goedhart M. C. Langa M. J. Gaylard D. J. van der Walt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,398(2):995-1010
Time series are presented for the Class II methanol maser source G12.89+0.49, which has been monitored for nine years at the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory. The 12.2 and 6.7 GHz methanol masers were seen to exhibit rapid, correlated variations on time-scales of less than a month. Daily monitoring has revealed that the variations have a periodic component with a period of 29.5 d. The period seems to be stable over the 110 cycles spanned by the time series. There are variations from cycle to cycle, with the peak of the flare occurring anywhere within an 11 d window, but the minima occur at the same phase of the cycle. Time delays of up to 5.7 d are seen between spectral features at 6.7 GHz and a delay of 1.1 d is seen between the dominant 12.2 GHz spectral feature and its 6.7 GHz counterpart. 相似文献
14.
15.
猎户座中SiO脉泽分布的新模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我们研究了Orion-IRc2SiO脉泽饱和辐射谱线轮廓，找到了很好的拟和谱线轮廓的函数．在观测结果中发现，Orion－IRc2SiO脉泽饱和辐射谱线轮廓中存在着若干峰，为了解释这一现象，我们提出了一个新的分布模型，即多重分离的旋转膨胀盘壳模型.计算结果表明，这个新模型，不仅可以解释脉泽的非饱和辐射谱，而且可以解释脉泽的饱和辐射谱. 相似文献
16.
Near-infrared photometry of 35 SiO maser stars (v = 1, J = 1 - 0) of various types is presented in this paper. Combining the JHK flux densities from IRAS, the distributions of the stars on two color-color diagrams are obtained. The spectral slopes, equivalent black-body temperatures, maser luminosities and mass-loss rates of the central stars are calculated from the infrared or radio data. These parameters are then analysed together with the integrated SiO fluxes. The results show that SiO masers are common in AGB stages. The integrated SiO maser flux is only weakly correlated with the mass-loss rate, and increase slowly along the sequence from Mira stars to OH/IR stars. It is more closely correlated with the near-infrared colors and the equivalent black-body temperatures. Also, its upper limit is correlated with 12μm and 25μm fluxes. We also briefly discusses the general function and specific role of SiO maser in the evolution of AGB stars. 相似文献
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18.
The observational results of the Nobeyama 45-m SiO maser survey and the Arecibo 305-m OH maser survey are assembled for an analysis of the distribution and kinematics of late-type stars in the Galactic plane.It is found that neither SiO maser stars nor OH maser stars show any concentration to the spiral arms,which imply that they do not belong to the arm population and quite possibly they are low-mass stars in late stage of evolution.A rotational curve is also derived for these objects and a few features which may be real are discussed and compared with those derived from planetary nebulae and AGB stars. 相似文献
19.
本文作者用美国ＮＲＡＯ，ＧｒｅｅｎＢａｎｋ４３ｍ和中国科学院紫金山天文台德令哈１３．７ｍ射电望远镜，对新近发现的水６１６—５２３脉泽相隔约１年的三次观测结果作了本地静止标准速度时变的研究，在分析实测结果时采用了参量ＬＳＲ速度延展（Ｖｓｐｄ），相继两历元观测的谱征峰值速度极差（ＤＶ）和速度位移（ＤＶ）．结果表明可将分析样本归纳为两类：Ａ类，微弱多数样本的速度时变给出的谱征位移显示脉泽结的替代效应．这种情况是在观测波束内存在若干未分解的脉泽斑引起的，主要受制于共同激发源的简单运动；Ｂ类，余下的样本给出较大的速度极差，呈现脉泽结整体的运动，涉及激发源的加速和减速以及抽运机制． 相似文献
20.
13mm低温制冷谱线接收系统和星际水分子观测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了开拓短厘米波单天线星际分子的观测和研究,在乌鲁木齐天文站２５ｍ射电望远镜１３ｍｍ低温制冷接收机的基础上,配置了声表面波频谱仪和谱线数据采集系统,组成了１３ｍｍ低温致冷谱线接收机．接收机前端是一个工作在低温２０Ｋ的低噪声放大器,本振是２２ＧＨｚ的锁相源．接收机的平均噪声温度为５０Ｋ．后端是一个宽带的（４０ＭＨｚ）高分辨率（４０ｋＨｚ）的声表波频谱仪．利用这套系统观测了一批已知的水脉泽源,观测系统正常,结果合理．观测结果表明,乌鲁木齐天文站良好的站址和２５ｍ射电望远镜给厘米波段星际分子谱线观测提供了一个很好的条件． 相似文献